Biochemical profile of term neonates with perinatal asphyxia and their correlation with severity of asphyxia.

Background: Birth asphyxia is a major cause of neonatal mortality and neurological morbidity. This study was aimed to determine biochemical (sodium, potassium, and calcium) abnormalities and their correlation across different severities of perinatal asphyxia in term neonates.

Methods: This observational analytical study was conducted in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia admitted at the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre for a period of 18 months.

Evaluation of antioxidant status of lens epithelial cells in cataract patients.

Purpose: The main factor that causes cataracts is the increased oxidative stress and imbalance of an antioxidant defense mechanism, which leads to significant changes in the lens microarchitecture. Senile cataract is the most common type of acquired cataracts due to aging.

Methods: We carried out a case-control study in the biochemistry department to examine the antioxidant status (catalase and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) and lipid peroxidation marker, that is, malondialdehyde (MDA) in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) of different grades of senile cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts.

Accessory Scrotum - Truly an Appendage?

Accessory scrotum is defined as extra scrotal tissue in the vicinity of the anatomically located normal scrotum. We report a case of 4-day full-term male neonate with a unilateral accessory scrotum. We have discussed clinical presentations and associated anomalies of an accessory scrotum thus guiding its evaluation and treatment.

A Cross-sectional Study to Estimate the Proportion and Ascertain Risk Factors for Osteoarthritis Knee among Women above 45 Years of Age Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: With aging, women face various health issues, the most common of which are musculoskeletal disorders. Osteoarthritis accounts for 15% of all musculoskeletal disorders in patients above the age of 45 years but receives little attention. This study aims to estimate the proportion of women above 45 years suffering from Osteoarthritis (OA) knee and to ascertain its risk determinants.

When The Unexpected Happens: The Intriguing Retrieval of a Broken Epidural Catheter.

Introduction: The accidental breakage of an epidural catheter during placement or removal poses a rare but challenging situation in clinical practice. This case report presents the successful removal of a broken epidural catheter and highlights the management strategies employed.

Case Report: A 41-year-old male patient underwent a planned orthopedic implant removal surgery under epidural anesthesia.

Negative and positive impacts on lives of resident doctors working in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in Mumbai: A mixed-methods study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in inducting trainee resident doctors (RDs) in the care of COVID-19 patients. Limited research has been conducted to understand the impact of domains other than physical and emotional health on their lives. The focus has been to understand the negative consequences of COVID-19 duties, disregarding the possibility of any positive impact that could have emerged.

Endometrial Secrets Unmasked through Cytology Analysis.

Background: Endometrial aspiration (EA) is an economic, painless technique on an outpatient basis. Present study aimed at cytological evaluation of EA for (a) cellular yield and morphology and (b) utility of cell block (CB) and cytocentrifuge (CC) techniques.

Materials And Methods: EA samples were divided into two aliquots.

Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in acute pancreatitis.

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are underrecognized entities in patients of acute pancreatitis (AP). IAH develops in 30% to 60% and ACS in 15% to 30% of all AP patients and they are markers of severe disease with high morbidity and mortality. The detrimental effect of increased IAP has been recognized in several organ systems, including the central nervous system, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and gastrointestinal systems.

Efficacy of endoscopic over-the-scope clip fixation for preventing migration of self-expandable metal stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Over-the-scope clips (OTSC), both conventional and Stentfix, are believed to anchor the self-expanding metal (SEMS) and prevent migration. We aimed to systematically study the efficacy of endoscopic OTSC fixation of SEMS in prevention of migration.

Methods: We searched electronic databases from inception to November 11, 2022 to identify studies reporting outcomes of OTSC fixation of metal stents.

Myopericarditis - A catastrophic complication of dengue fever.

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral fever seen commonly in the urban areas of tropical and sub-tropical countries. The spectrum of this disease varies from a simple fever which can be managed with anti-pyretics to dengue shock syndrome, which requires urgent intensive care admission. Dengue shock syndrome can be a life-threatening condition.

An Autopsy Study of Cerebrovascular Atherosclerosis in the Elderly.

Background: Stroke is an important cause of mortality with intracranial atherosclerosis as an important risk factor. Geographical variation in the pattern of atherosclerosis is well documented with various studies in stroke patients showing that African Americans and Japanese people tend to have intracranial vascular occlusion, whereas Caucasians more often have extracranial atherosclerotic lesions.

Methods: This is a prospective study of 50 cases of Indian elderly patients over 60 years of age where we have studied the CNS vasculature in detail including intracranial atherosclerosis with regards to its incidence, severity, distribution, plaque composition and associated risk factors.

Immune profile and responses of a novel dengue DNA vaccine encoding an EDIII-NS1 consensus design based on Indo-African sequences.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need to tackle viral variants, expand the number of antigens, and assess diverse delivery systems for vaccines against emerging viruses. In the present study, a DNA vaccine candidate was generated by combining in tandem envelope protein domain III (EDIII) of dengue virus serotypes 1-4 and a dengue virus (DENV)-2 non-structural protein 1 (NS1) protein-coding region. Each domain was designed as a serotype-specific consensus coding sequence derived from different genotypes based on the whole genome sequencing of clinical isolates in India and complemented with data from Africa.

Is the Combination of Rectal Diclofenac and Intravenous Ringer Lactate Superior to Individual Therapy for Prophylaxis of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: A Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Center Randomized Trial.

Methods: This was single-center, open-label, randomized trial. Patients who were undergoing ERCP and who were at high risk for the development of PEP were selected for the study. Patients were randomized into 3 treatment groups: diclofenac suppository group, RL group, and a combination group.

The Indian Network of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Etiology, Clinical Features, Outcome and Prognostic Markers in 1288 Patients.

Background: Etiology of and outcomes following idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) vary geographically. We conducted a prospective study of DILI in India, from 2013 to 2018 and summarize the causes, clinical features, outcomes and predictors of mortality.

Methods: We enrolled patients with DILI using international DILI expert working group criteria and Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method.

Diabetes Mellitus and the Development of Lumbar Canal Stenosis: Is There Any Relevance?

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between the severity of lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) and type-II diabetes mellitus (DM).

Overview Of Literature: DM is a multiorgan disorder that has an effect on all types of connective tissues.

Audit in surgical histopathology at a tertiary healthcare center: Study of preanalytical and analytical phase.

Context: An audit aims to verify conformance to required processes, assess their implementation, and define the targets of quality control.

Aims: To evaluate preanalytic and analytic phases of surgical histopathology in a tertiary healthcare center.

Setting And Design: An observational retrospective and prospective study over 3 months each of year 2013 and 2014.

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin determines short-term mortality and type of acute kidney injury in cirrhosis.

Background And Aim: Acute kidney injury increases mortality in cirrhotic patients by four fold. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) for differential diagnosis for acute kidney injury and for predicting short-term mortality in cirrhotic patients.

Methods: We enrolled 94 patients of decompensated cirrhosis.

Prevalence and profile of sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea in patients with interstitial lung disease at the pulmonary medicine department of a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai.

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), predominantly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is a frequent phenomenon in interstitial lung disease (ILD) and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Methodology: A prospective, observational, hospital-based study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital after ethics committee permission. The study group consisted of 100 consecutive ILD patients diagnosed by a multidisciplinary diagnosis.

Role of Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMP) as Outcome-Measure of Glycerol Test.

Diagnosis of Meniere's disease is mainly clinical although many tests have been studied for efficacy in diagnosis of Meniere's disease. Glycerol test is a functional test to identify hydrops in Meniere's disease and can be done with PTA, Speech audiometry, otoacoustic emission, EcochG and cVEMP as its outcome measures. The study aimed to compare two outcome measures of glycerol test to identify Meniere's disease; to determine whether the stage of Meniere's disease affected glycerol outcomes; and to attempt to identify independent variables that could predict outcomes of glycerol test.

Factors Differentiating Acute Hepatitis B from Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Hepatitis B in Prospective-retrospective Cohort.

Introduction And Aim: It is difficult to distinguish acute hepatitis B (AVH-B) from chronic hepatitis B with an acute exacerbation (CHB-AE) in patients whose prior history of HBV infection is unknown. The present study aimed to screen laboratory parameters at presentation to discriminate between these two conditions.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was conducted in patients presenting clinically as AVH-B without known previous chronic hepatitis B status.

Duodenal and Bile Duct Narrowing Due to Partial Annular Pancreas: A Rare Association.

Annular pancreas consists of a ring of pancreatic tissue partially or completely encircling the descending duodenum. It is an unusual congenital anomaly rarely detected in adult life. Gastric outlet obstruction is most common presentation mainly in 2nd or 3rd decades of life.