Repurposing Licensed Drugs with Activity Against Epstein-Barr Virus for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Approach.

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated as a necessary factor in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and may also be a driver of disease activity. Although it is not clear whether ongoing viral replication is the driver for MS pathology, MS researchers have considered the prospect of using drugs with potential efficacy against EBV in the treatment of MS. We have undertaken scientific and lived experience expert panel reviews to shortlist existing licensed therapies that could be used in later-stage clinical trials in MS.

Pregnancy & cardiovascular disease: the PREG-CVD-HH registry.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in pregnant and peripartal women in western countries. Physiological changes during pregnancy can lead to cardiovascular complications in the mother; women with pre-existing heart disease may not tolerate these changes well, increasing their susceptibility to adverse cardiovascular outcomes during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to characterize pregnancy-induced changes in cardiac function, biomarker concentrations and cardiovascular outcomes in women with CVD during pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital in Germany.

Reporting quality of animal research in journals that published the ARRIVE 1.0 or ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines: a cross-sectional analysis of 943 studies.

Background: The adherence to the Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines across the journals that initially published the guidelines and if adherence has improved since the guidelines update, remains unknown. We aimed to quantify the level of adherence and analyze factors that might influence reporting quality among these journals.

Methods: This cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed interventional animal experiments published in journals that released ARRIVE 1.

The Efficacy of Shear Wave Elastography in Evaluating Treatment Response to US-Guided Steroid Injection in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided local steroid injection in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) using shear wave elastography (SWE).

Materials And Methods: A total of 47 wrists from 41 patients diagnosed with mild to moderate idiopathic CTS, based on clinical and electrophysiological criteria, were enrolled between June and October 2024. All participants underwent US-guided local steroid injection.

Comparative Analysis of Cosmetic and Functional Outcomes in Corneal Tattooing (Keratopigmentation) versus Ocular Prosthesis.

Objectives: This study compares the cosmetic and functional outcomes of corneal tattooing/keratopigmentation and ocular prostheses in rehabilitating disfigured eyes, focusing on esthetic appearance and emotional well-being.

Methods: Ninety-two patients were included: 48 received corneal tattooing, and 44 were fitted with ocular prostheses. Anophthalmic surgery was indicated for trauma, painful blind eye, endophthalmitis, tumor, and corneal ulcer, while corneal tattooing was performed for trauma, corneal ulcer, and endophthalmitis.

Postoperative Outcomes in Condylar Hyperplasia: Proportional Condylectomy Versus Orthognathic Surgery.

The management of patients with facial asymmetry caused by condylar hyperplasia remains a subject of ongoing debate. This study compared active patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) who underwent proportional condylectomy with ceased patients with UCH who underwent orthognathic surgery, evaluating esthetics, function, and satisfaction. The retrospective study included 2 groups: group A, with 15 active patients with UCH who underwent proportional condylectomy, and group B, with 22 ceased patients with UCH who underwent orthognathic surgery.

Directed Inward Migration of S-Vacancy in BiS QDs for Selective Photocatalytic CO to CHOH.

The directional migration of S-vacancy is beneficial to the separation of photogenerated carriers and the transition of electrons in semiconductors. In this study, Bi/BiS@carboxylic-cellulose (CC) photocatalyst with bionic chloroplast structure is obtained by electron beam irradiation to induce S-vacancy in BiS@CC. The results of CO photoreduction experiments demonstrate that the reduction rate of CO to CHOH by Bi/BiS@CC-450 samples is 10.

Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis vs. Tracheostomy in the Management of Pierre Robin Sequence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study compares mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) and tracheostomy in managing severe airway obstruction in patients with the Pierre Robin sequence (PRS).

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines was performed. Literature searches were conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus, E.

Utilizing Plant Phytoconstituents in Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis for Cancer Therapies.

Background: The metal oxide nanoparticles possess unique properties such as biological compatibility, superior reactivity, and capacity to develop reactive oxygen species, due to this they have drawn significant interest in cancer treatment. The various MONPs such as cerium oxide, Copper oxide, Iron oxide, Titanium dioxide, and Zinc oxide have been investigated for several types of cancers including brain, breast, cervical, colon, leukemia, liver, lung, melanoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers. However, traditional physiochemical synthetic methods for MONPs commonly include toxic materials, a major concern that raises questions regarding their biocompatibility and safety.

Is endometriosis typology a potentially better classification system for assessing risk of female infertility?

Objective: To determine whether endometriosis typology, namely ovarian endometriomas (OE), deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), or superficial endometriosis (SE), correlates with fertility history.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Setting: One of fourteen surgical centers in Salt Lake City, Utah (n = 5) or San Francisco, California (n = 9).

Arthroscopic-Assisted Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer With Fascia Lata Autograft for Irreparable Posterior-Superior Rotator Cuff Tears.

Lower trapezius tendon transfer is a surgical procedure that has become increasingly popular in recent years. The biggest advantage of this method is that the pulling direction of the lower trapezius is the same as that of the infraspinatus. Thus, the transferred lower trapezius tendon can biomechanically mimic the functions of the posterior-superior rotator cuff.

Development of a genetically tailored implantation hepatocellular carcinoma model in Oncopigs by somatic cell CRISPR editing.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis, necessitating preclinical models for evaluating novel therapies. Large-animal models are particularly valuable for assessing locoregional therapies, which are widely employed across HCC stages. This study aimed to develop a large-animal HCC model with tailored tumor mutations.

Sports experience, affects and life satisfaction in Portuguese athletes with disabilities.

This study aims to validate the Portuguese version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82) and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86 for positive affect and 0.

Neither Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate nor Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves Patient-Reported Outcomes After Surgical Management of Acetabular Labral Tears; However, Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate May Be Effective for Moderate Cartilage Damage: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To (1) systematically assess which orthobiologic agents are being used in acetabular labral repairs and (2) report all available outcomes for patients undergoing operative management for labral repairs with orthobiologic agents.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried in August 2023. Articles were included if they used an orthobiologic agent during hip arthroscopy for acetabular labral repair and reported functional outcomes.

Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-TIGIT or an oncolytic virus in resectable stage IIIB-D melanoma: a phase 1/2 trial.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapies have shown antitumor activity in melanoma. Substudy 02C of the global, rolling-arm, phase 1/2, adaptive-design KEYMAKER-U02 trial is evaluating neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) alone or in combination, followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab, for stage IIIB-D melanoma. Here we report results from the first three arms: pembrolizumab plus vibostolimab (anti-TIGIT), pembrolizumab plus gebasaxturev (coxsackievirus A21) and pembrolizumab monotherapy.

Arithmetic optimization based MPPT for photovoltaic systems operating under nonuniform situations.

Photovoltaic (PV) modules may encounter nonuniform situations that reduce their useable power volume, causing ineffective maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Moreover, due to the incorporation of bypass diodes, power-voltage (P-V) graph has multi-peaks when each component of the module receives different solar irradiation. This paper proposes a solution to this problem using an arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) for MPPT in PV systems operating in nonuniform situations.

Xalnesiran with or without an Immunomodulator in Chronic Hepatitis B.

Background: Xalnesiran, a small interfering RNA molecule that targets a conserved region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome and silences multiple HBV transcripts, may have efficacy, with or without an immunomodulator, in patients with chronic HBV infection.

Methods: We conducted a phase 2, multicenter, randomized, controlled, adaptive, open-label platform trial that included the evaluation of 48 weeks of treatment with xalnesiran at a dose of 100 mg (group 1), xalnesiran at a dose of 200 mg (group 2), xalnesiran at a dose of 200 mg plus 150 mg of ruzotolimod (group 3), xalnesiran at a dose of 200 mg plus 180 μg of pegylated interferon alfa-2a (group 4), or a nucleoside or nucleotide analogue (NA) alone (group 5) in participants with chronic HBV infection who had virologic suppression with NA therapy. The primary efficacy end point was hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss (HBsAg level, <0.

US-Guided Thermal Ablation for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Background Interest in microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) use for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is rising; however, ablation outcomes in patients with SHPT are not well characterized. Purpose To assess the response of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels to US-guided parathyroid MWA and RFA and the safety of these treatments in participants with SHPT. Materials and Methods This prospective multicenter cohort study, conducted from September 2017 to March 2022, included participants with SHPT.

A Randomized, Blinded, Vehicle-Controlled Dose-Ranging Study to Evaluate and Characterize Remdesivir Efficacy Against Ebola Virus in Rhesus Macaques.

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe disease in humans, with mortality as high as 90%. The small-molecule antiviral drug remdesivir (RDV) has demonstrated a survival benefit in EBOV-exposed rhesus macaques. Here, we characterize the efficacy of multiple intravenous RDV dosing regimens on survival of rhesus macaques 42 days after intramuscular EBOV exposure.

Natural Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Synthetic Analogues for Effective Oral Microflora Control and Oral Infection Treatment-The Role of Ceragenins in the Development of New Therapeutic Methods.

Oral diseases, both acute and chronic, of infectious or non-infectious etiology, represent some of the most serious medical problems in dentistry. Data from the literature increasingly indicate that changes in the oral microbiome, and therefore, the overgrowing of pathological microflora, lead to a variety of oral-localized medical conditions such as caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. In recent years, compelling research has been devoted to the use of natural antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents in the possible treatment of oral diseases.

Usability and Safety of the ATLAS 2030 Robotic Gait Device in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Purpose: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and usability of the ATLAS 2030 in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA).

Materials And Methods: the sample consisted of six children, three with CP and three with SMA, who received eight sessions of robot-assisted gait therapy. Safety was measured by the presence of adverse events.

DHODH Inhibition Suppresses and Inhibits the Growth of Medulloblastoma in a Novel In Vivo Zebrafish Model.

Background/objectives: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common high-grade paediatric brain tumour, with group 3 MB patients having the worst prognosis. A high prevalence of group 3 tumours shows overexpression of the oncogene, making it a potential therapeutic target. However, attempts to directly inhibit have so far demonstrated limited success.

Exploring the Epigenetic Landscape of Spermatozoa: Impact of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Supplementation on DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation.

Reproductive success is dependent on gamete integrity, and oxidative stress alters male nuclei, meaning that no DNA repair is possible due to chromatin compaction. The composition of sperm makes it highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) but, at the same time, ROS are needed for sperm physiology. Over the past 30 years, much attention has been paid to the consequences of oxidative stress on sperm properties and the protective effects of antioxidant formulations to help fertility.

Exploration of magnetic zeolite thin film derived from coal fly ash an efficient sorbent: Application to water treatment.

Fly ash, produced during coal combustion for energy making, which is recognized as an industrial by-product, could lead to environmental health hazards. Subsequently, fly ash found that an exceptional adsorption performance for the removal of various toxic pollutants, the adsorption capacity of fly ash might be altered by introducing physical/chemical stimulation. Successfully converting fly ash into zeolites not only recovers their disposal difficulties but also transforms unwanted materials into merchandisable products for various industrial applications.