Quantifying the shift of public export finance from fossil fuels to renewable energy.

By providing guarantees and direct lending, public export credit agencies (ECAs) de-risk and thus enable energy projects worldwide. Despite their importance for global greenhouse gas emission pathways, a systematic assessment of ECAs' role and financing patterns in the low-carbon energy transition is still needed. Using commercial transaction data, here we analyze 921 energy deals backed by ECAs from 31 OECD and non-OECD countries (excluding Canada) between 2013 and 2023.

Synchronized long-read genome, methylome, epigenome and transcriptome profiling resolve a Mendelian condition.

Resolving the molecular basis of a Mendelian condition remains challenging owing to the diverse mechanisms by which genetic variants cause disease. To address this, we developed a synchronized long-read genome, methylome, epigenome and transcriptome sequencing approach, which enables accurate single-nucleotide, insertion-deletion and structural variant calling and diploid de novo genome assembly. This permits the simultaneous elucidation of haplotype-resolved CpG methylation, chromatin accessibility and full-length transcript information in a single long-read sequencing run.

Considerations for establishment of a private virtual hospital identified using an implementation science approach.

Virtual hospitals are rapidly being implemented internationally. Research has predominantly focused on clinical outcomes not implementation. We aimed to identify pre-implementation determinants to enable health services to tailor virtual hospital models, increasing likelihood of suitability, acceptability, uptake, clinical effectiveness, and sustainability.

Promoting caproate production using anaerobically digested sludge-derived biochar: Performances, mechanisms, and environmental impacts.

Carbon chain elongation offers a promising pathway for converting waste resources into caproate. However, challenges in yield and selectivity have limited its broader application. To address these limitations, anaerobically digested sludge-derived biochar (ADS-B) was incorporated into the carbon chain elongation process.

Value of multi-parameter I-MIBG scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.

Background: I-MIBG scintigraphy plays a significant role in diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD), with most studies primarily targeting cardiac uptake and relying on traditional ratio-based parameters for assessment. However, due to variations in scanning conditions and image processing methodologies, the clinical utility of different parameters remains a subject of debate. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multi-parameter I-3-Iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy and to identify the most reliable metrics for distinguishing PD from Parkinson-plus syndromes.

Application value of split-bolus contrast injection combined with dual-energy CT scanning technology in pediatric CTU imaging.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of combining split-bolus contrast injection with dual-energy CT(DECT) scanning technology in pediatric computed tomography urography (CTU) imaging.

Methods: A total of 128 children aged 0-17 years were prospectively selected and randomly assigned to three groups: A, B, and C. For Group A, a high-pitch flash mode was employed, where a single bolus of contrast agent was followed by four-phase scanning (noncontrast, cortex, medulla, and excretory phases).

Utility of Computed Tomography Angiography of the Head in the Management of the Blunt Trauma Patient with Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Background: Computed tomography angiography of the head (CTAH) is not routinely obtained during the initial evaluation of patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH); however, it is useful for diagnosing vascular pathologies that may have led to the bleed. The aims of this study were to identify traumatic ICH patient characteristics on presentation that are associated with positive CTAH findings to elucidate which ones should prompt a CTAH and compare outcomes of patients with positive and negative CTAH findings.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 522 patients who had blunt traumatic ICH and subsequently received CTAH between January 1, 2017, and January 1, 2022.

Global Impact of Mass Vaccination Campaigns on Circulating Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis.

Background: Between 2016 and 2023, 3248 cases of circulating vaccine-derived type 2 poliomyelitis (cVDPV2) were reported globally and supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) with monovalent type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (mOPV2) and novel type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (nOPV2) targeted an estimated 356 and 525 million children, respectively. This analysis estimates the community-level impact of nOPV2 relative to mOPV2 SIAs.

Methods: We fitted interrupted time-series regressions to surveillance data between January 2016 and November 2023 to estimate the impact of nOPV2 and mOPV2 SIAs on cVDPV2 poliomyelitis incidence and prevalence in environmental surveillance across 37 countries, directly comparing the impact of SIAs in 13 countries where both vaccines were used.

Guidelines International Network: Principles for Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Health Guideline Enterprise.

Description: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been defined by the High-Level Expert Group on AI of the European Commission as "systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions-with some degree of autonomy-to achieve specific goals." Artificial intelligence has the potential to support guideline planning, development and adaptation, reporting, implementation, impact evaluation, certification, and appraisal of recommendations, which we will refer to as "guideline enterprise." Considering this potential, as well as the lack of guidance for the use of AI in guidelines, the Guidelines International Network (GIN) proposes a set of principles for the development and use of AI tools or processes to support the health guideline enterprise.

Deep learning uncovers histological patterns of YAP1/TEAD activity related to disease aggressiveness in cancer patients.

Over the last decade, Hippo signaling has emerged as a major tumor-suppressing pathway. Its dysregulation is associated with abnormal expression of and -family genes. Recent works have highlighted the role of YAP1/TEAD activity in several cancers and its potential therapeutic implications.

A Novel Variant of GP9 Gene Resulting in Bernard-Soulier Syndrome: A Case Report.

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition that is defined by low platelet count and platelet dysfunction characterized by the absence or dysfunction of the  complex on the platelet surface. It is characterized by large defective platelets and thrombocytopenia. BSS is usually presented early in life.

Metabolomics and network pharmacology approach to identify potential bioactive compounds from Trichoderma sp. against oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This study aimed to profile metabolites from five Trichoderma strains and assess their cytotoxic and pharmacological activities, particularly targeting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). UHPLC-TOF-MS analysis revealed the presence of 25 compounds, including heptelidic acid, viridiol isomers, and sorbicillinol from the different Trichoderma extracts. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed moderate permeability and low interaction with P-glycoprotein, suggesting good drug absorption with minimal interference in cellular uptake.

NHS-Galleri trial: Enriched enrolment approaches and sociodemographic characteristics of enrolled participants.

Background/aims: Certain sociodemographic groups are routinely underrepresented in clinical trials, limiting generalisability. Here, we describe the extent to which enriched enrolment approaches yielded a diverse trial population enriched for older age in a randomised controlled trial of a blood-based multi-cancer early detection test (NCT05611632).

Methods: Participants aged 50-77 years were recruited from eight Cancer Alliance regions in England.

Design and early progress of the Comparison of Anticoagulation and anti-Platelet Therapies for Intracranial Vascular Atherostenosis (CAPTIVA) trial.

Background: The usual antithrombotic treatment for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) consists of dual treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin for 90 days followed by aspirin alone but the risk of recurrent stroke remains high up to 12 months. The Comparison of Anticoagulation and anti-Platelet Therapies for Intracranial Vascular Atherostenosis (CAPTIVA) trial was designed to determine whether other combinations of dual antithrombotic therapy are superior to clopidogrel and aspirin.

Methods: CAPTIVA is an ongoing, prospective, double-blinded, three-arm clinical trial at over 100 sites in the United States and Canada that will randomize 1683 high-risk subjects with a symptomatic infarct attributed to 70-99% stenosis of a major intracranial artery to 12 months of treatment with (1) ticagrelor (180 mg loading dose, then 90 mg twice daily), (2) low-dose rivaroxaban (2.

Biotechnological Phytocomplex of (L.) DC. Enhances Collagen Biosynthesis In Vitro and Improves Skin Elasticity In Vivo.

(L.) DC., commonly known as Japanese pepper, is a deciduous shrub native to East Asia.

Visual Acuity Outcomes and Influencing Factors in a Cohort of UK Real-World Diabetic Macular Oedema Patients During the First Two Years of Anti-VEGF Treatment.

Background/objectives: The visual acuity (VA) outcomes after the first and second years of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) were evaluated, and the factors associated with treatment success were investigated.

Methods: Using Medisoft electronic medical records (UK), this retrospective cohort study analysed VA outcomes, changes, and determinants in DMO patients at year 1 and year 2 after initial anti-VEGF injection. Descriptive analysis examined baseline demographics and clinical characteristics, while regression models were used to assess associations between these factors and changes in VA.

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Neutral Sphinghomyelinase2 (nSMase2) Inhibitor Prodrugs in Mice and Dogs.

: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can carry pathological cargo, contributing to disease progression. The enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) plays a critical role in EV biogenesis, making it a promising therapeutic target. Our lab previously identified a potent and selective inhibitor of nSMase2, named DPTIP (IC = 30 nM).

Profiles of 71 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Novel Sub-Clusters of Type I Milk: Results from the Ulm SPATZ Health Study.

Background/objectives: Although approximately 160 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been identified, current studies on HMO quantitation are limited to the 10-19 most abundant HMOs. We assessed the variations in the relative concentrations of 71 HMO structures over lactation in human milk samples by an advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach.

Methods: Samples were collected from 64 mothers at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months of lactation in the Ulm SPATZ Health Study, a German birth cohort.

Clinical and Genomic Features of Androgen Indifferent Prostate Cancer.

Androgen-indifferent prostate cancer (AIPC) is increasingly common and particularly lethal. Data describing these tumors are sparse, and AIPC remains a poorly understood malignancy. Utilizing the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN) database, we enriched for tumors with features of AIPC using previously described characteristics.

Are Suggested Hiking Times Accurate? A Validation of Hiking Time Estimations for Preventive Measures in Mountains.

: Accurate hiking time estimate is crucial for outdoor activity planning, especially in mountainous terrains. Traditional mountain signage and online platforms provide generalized hiking time recommendations, often lacking personalization. This study aims to evaluate the variability in hiking time estimates from different methods and assess the potential of a novel algorithm, MOVE, to enhance accuracy and safety.

Venoarterial Membrane Oxygenation in Cardiogenic Shock Complicated from an Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Overview and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.

Cardiogenic shock remains a significant cause of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome, despite early interventions, such as coronary revascularization. Mechanical circulatory support devices, particularly venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), are increasingly being utilized to address this issue. Limited randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exist to evaluate the efficacy of VA-ECMO in cardiogenic shock related to acute coronary syndrome.

Association of Corticosteroid Inhaler Type with Saliva Microbiome in Moderate-to-Severe Pediatric Asthma.

: Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are common inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) inhaler devices. The difference in formulation and administration technique of these devices may influence oral cavity microbiota composition. We aimed to compare the saliva microbiome in children with moderate-to-severe asthma using ICS via MDIs versus DPIs.

A novel rapalog shows improved safety vs. efficacy in a human organoid model of polycystic kidney disease.

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a therapeutic target in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), but mTOR inhibitors such as everolimus have failed to show efficacy at tolerated doses in clinical trials. Here, we introduce AV457, a novel rapalog developed to reduce side effects, and assess its dose-dependent safety and efficacy versus everolimus in PKD1 and PKD2 human kidney organoids, which form cysts in a PKD-specific way. Both AV457 and everolimus reduce cyst growth over time.

IMPROVEMENT OF LOWER LIMB AMPUTATION PROCEDURE IN PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL LOWER LIMB ISCHAEMIA.

The relevance of the presented topic lies in the rapid growth of complications from diseases that subsequently lead to limb amputation, as well as the problem of untimely detection of ischemic tissues. The aim of the study is to determine and explain the main progressive methods of surgical treatment of obstructive diseases of vessels of different calibers that lead to circulatory disorders and tissue necrosis. The following research methods were used in the work: statistical method, bibliographic, and bibliosemantic.