Managing Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction; A Short Review of Latest Evidences.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a clinical dilemma and various clinical trials so far have failed to give a concrete evidence of reducing mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in this condition. A detailed analysis of the existing evidences and a future plan for a concrete trial design with long duration of follow up is needed to address the dilemma of Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The objective of this short review was to review the latest and major randomized controlled trials and study the primary outcomes.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Disposal of Unused, Unwanted and Expired Medicines among Healthcare Professionals.

Background Unused, unwanted and expired medicines stored at home pose threats to both health systems and environments. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) should be aware of the proper disposal methods of such medicines. Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of disposal of unused, unwanted and expired medicines among healthcare professionals.

Dental Caries in Permanent First Molar and Its Association with Carious Primary Second Molar among 6-11-Year-Old School Children in Sunsari, Nepal.

The permanent first molar (PFM) plays an essential role in maintaining the dental and overall health of an individual. It is the most susceptible tooth to dental caries due to its early eruption and location near the primary second molar in the oral cavity. We assessed the clinical status of the PFM and its association with carious primary second molars among 6-11-year-old children in Sunsari, Nepal, from January 2019 to December 2021.

Cystinuria, an Atypical Presentation and Challenges of Establishing its Diagnosis in a Poor Resource Set Up.

Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive defect in re-absorptive transport of amino acids: cysteine, ornithine, arginine and lysine from renal proximal convoluted tubules leading to urinary excretion of these amino acids. The phenotypic manifestations are recurrent urolithiasis, hematuria, flank pain and frequent urinary tract infection. An eighteen years old boy, diagnosed case of cystinuria at the age of two years is presented in this case report highlighting the atypical presentation of recurrent infections with multiple organ involvement.

Prehypertension and its predictors among older adolescents: A cross-sectional study from eastern Nepal.

Prehypertension is a state of transition between normal blood pressure and hypertension. Adolescent prehypertension is a strong predictor of hypertension in adults and is now considered for cardiovascular intervention or risk reduction. This study was conducted among adolescents to assess the burden of pre-hypertension and its predictors.

Good participatory practice for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research: the case of a COVID-19 prevention study.

The COPCOV study (chloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine prevention of coronavirus disease), which started recruitment in April 2020, is a multi-country double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial which is being conducted in healthcare facilities involved in COVID-19 case management. Participants are staff employed in facilities managing people with proven or suspected COVID-19. As part of the study, we conducted a series of engagement sessions.

The clinical characteristics, etiologic pathogens and the risk factors associated with dehydration status among under-five children hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR.

Background: Acute diarrhea is a common health problem in children, especially those under five years of age (U5). The mortality rate due to acute diarrhea among U5 children accounted for 11% in Lao PDR in 2016. No study has been done to investigate the etiologic pathogens of acute diarrhea and the risk factors associated with dehydration status among U5 children hospitalized with acute diarrhea in this region.

Inflammatory bowel disease and associated cardiovascular disease outcomes: A systematic review.

Background: There is limited and conflicting data available regarding the cardiovascular disease outcomes associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Objective: We aim to perform a systematic review to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes and mortality associated with IBD patients.

Methods: A systematic literature search has been performed on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus from inception till May 2022 without any language restrictions.

Highlights from cancer Choosing Wisely Nepal 2022: critical appraisal skills for evidence-based practice, 24th-25th September 2022, Kathmandu, Nepal.

The cancer Kathmandu 2022 workshop on the 24th-25th September 2022 was the first cancer conference organised in Nepal, a Southeast Asian nation sandwiched between India and China. It was focused on critical appraisal skills for evidence-based practice and was organised in partnership with the Karnali Academy of Health Sciences and the Civil Service Hospital from Nepal, and the Queen's Global Oncology Program from Canada. The workshop emphasised the need for critical thinking in understanding clinical research, and also motivated the delegates to undertake meaningful clinical research relevant to the local setting.

Congenital Upper Limb Deficiency with Oligodactyly: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Congenital upper limb deficiency care and management have undergone drastic changes over the past 50 years. Given the low incidence of this defect nationwide, this case report adds to the existing database to analyze the etiological investigations, descriptive epidemiology, and trend detection. We present a case of a 2-month-old male child with congenital upper limb deficiency and explore the possible etiologies and difficulties during early diagnosis of such rare disorders in a low and middle-income countrries and present implications at the primary health care level to improve the prognosis.

Depression among Online Respondent Oral Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: COVID-19 outbreak brought unprecedented pressure on dental and oral health care workers leading to increased depression. This study aimed to find the prevalence of depression among online respondent oral healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 24 June 2020 to 13 July 2020 among oral health care workers in a tertiary care centre.

Birth Defects among Newborns in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: The incidence of birth defects is 2-3% in the general population but it is increasing. An estimated 303,000 newborns die within 4 weeks of birth every year, worldwide, due to congenital anomalies. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of birth defects among newborns in a tertiary care centre.

Anxiety among Pregnant Women Attending Obstetrics Unit of a Tertiary Care Centre during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: The disastrous effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of vulnerable populations like pregnant women should not be neglected. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of anxiety among pregnant women attending the obstetrics unit of a tertiary care centre during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 16 May 2020 to 30 July 2020 among pregnant women attending obstetrics unit of a tertiary care centre.

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Patients with Hypovitaminosis D in Department of Biochemistry of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid disease is characterised by the generation of autoantibodies against self-antigens such as thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Recent studies have implicated the role of hypovitaminosis D to immune dysfunction, failure of self-tolerance and generation of autoantibodies. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease among hypovitaminosis D patients in a tertiary care centre.

Hypothyroidism among Female Medical Students in a Teaching Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common clinical condition of thyroid hormone deficiency and is frequently seen in women. Studies regarding the prevalence of hypothyroidism among healthy young adult females are very less. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism among female medical students in a teaching hospital.

High Social Support System among Elderly in a Hilly District: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Social support is an important contributing factor that promotes the health of the elderly by providing them with positive experiences, socially satisfying roles, or the ability to cope with stressful situations. The objective of this research study is to ind out the prevalence of a high social support system among the elderly in a Hilly district.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the elderly from a hilly district of Nepal.

Azathioprine Induced Pancytopenia in a Patient with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is a multisystem autoimmune inflammatory disorder that affects the eyes, ears, skin, and the nervous system. It is a rare disease that mainly affects Asian, Hispanic, and Middle Eastern populations. Systemic steroids and immunosuppressants are frequently used to treat autoimmune diseases like this.

Atrial Fibrillation among Patients Admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is one of the commonest arrhythmias with an overall prevalence estimated to be 0.4-1% in the general population. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine in a tertiary care centre.

Snakebite in the Hills and Mountains of Nepal.

Unlabelled: Snakebite is an important public health issue around the world. In Nepal, it affects a huge number of people mostly belonging to low-income households who are involved in agriculture. Although snakebite has a serious impact on the Terai population, a few studies suggest that snakebite also occurs frequently in hills and mountains.