173 results match your criteria: "B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute[Affiliation]"

Reconstruction of hadronic decay products of tau leptons with the ATLAS experiment.

Eur Phys J C Part Fields

May 2016

CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.

This paper presents a new method of reconstructing the individual charged and neutral hadrons in tau decays with the ATLAS detector. The reconstructed hadrons are used to classify the decay mode and to calculate the visible four-momentum of reconstructed tau candidates, significantly improving the resolution with respect to the calibration in the existing tau reconstruction. The performance of the reconstruction algorithm is optimised and evaluated using simulation and validated using samples of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]+jets events selected from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy [Formula: see text], corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 [Formula: see text].

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This article documents the performance of the ATLAS muon identification and reconstruction using the LHC dataset recorded at [Formula: see text] TeV in 2015. Using a large sample of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decays from 3.2 fb[Formula: see text] of collision data, measurements of the reconstruction efficiency, as well as of the momentum scale and resolution, are presented and compared to Monte Carlo simulations.

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Distributions of transverse momentum [Formula: see text] and the related angular variable [Formula: see text] of Drell–Yan lepton pairs are measured in 20.3 fb[Formula: see text] of proton–proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Measurements in electron-pair and muon-pair final states are corrected for detector effects and combined.

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The production rates of prompt and non-prompt [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons in their dimuon decay modes are measured using 2.1 and 11.4 fb[Formula: see text] of data collected with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] and 8 respectively.

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A search for strongly produced supersymmetric particles is conducted using signatures involving multiple energetic jets and either two isolated leptons ( or [Formula: see text]) with the same electric charge or at least three isolated leptons. The search also utilises -tagged jets, missing transverse momentum and other observables to extend its sensitivity. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 3.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Key variables used for differentiation include jet mass, jet charge, and a \(\tau\)-tagging discriminant, leading to the development of a likelihood tagger for better identification.
  • * Although direct measurement of tagging efficiencies is not possible due to a lack of pure samples, the tagger's modeling with a sample enriched in \(W/Z\) events indicates strong predictive performance for future data processing.
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This article presents the sensitivity of the ATLAS experiment to the lepton-flavour-violating decays of [Formula: see text]. A method utilising the production of [Formula: see text] leptons via [Formula: see text] decays is used. This method is applied to the sample of 20.

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers conducted a search for new phenomena in events involving at least three photons using data from 8 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC.
  • The results align with the predictions of the Standard Model, and limits on new phenomena were established based on the rates of specific photon decay events.
  • Notable findings include improved limits for Higgs boson decays to four photons and a significantly stronger constraint on the branching ratio of a specific boson decay to three photons, surpassing previous measurements.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how the number of charged particles produced in proton-lead collisions changes depending on how central the collision is, using data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.
  • It focuses on measuring the mean charged-particle multiplicity across various pseudorapidity values and finds that the particle distribution demonstrates significant variation based on collision centrality, becoming more asymmetric as collisions become more central.
  • Three models are used to estimate the number of nucleons involved in the collision, revealing differing outcomes for charged-particle multiplicities, which emphasizes the need to consider color fluctuations in these interactions for more accurate modeling.
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Microbiology of the subglacial Lake Vostok: first results of borehole-frozen lake water analysis and prospects for searching for lake inhabitants.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

January 2016

Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre 'Kurchatov Institute', 188300 Gatchina, Russia Department of Physical Methods and Devices for Quality Control, Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia

This article examines the question of the possible existence of microbial life inhabiting the subglacial Lake Vostok buried beneath a 4 km thick Antarctic ice sheet. It represents the results of analysis of the only available frozen lake water samples obtained upon the first lake entry and subsequent re-coring the water frozen within the borehole. For comparison, results obtained by earlier molecular microbiological studies of accretion ice are included in this study, with the focus on thermophiles and an unknown bacterial phylotype.

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Unlabelled: Superparamagnetic iron-oxide based contrast agents can provide important diagnostic information regarding the assessment of cardiac inflammatory diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze whether nanoparticles conjugated to recombinant 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70-SPION) can be applied for the detection of acute myocardium infarct by MRI. Cellular experiments demonstrated increased CD40-mediated uptake of Hsp70-SPIONs in comparison to non-conjugated SPIONs.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study mononucleosomes reconstituted from a DNA duplex of 353 bp containing the strong 601 octamer positioning sequence, together with recombinant human core histone octamers. Three parameters were measured: 1) the length of DNA wrapped around the core histones; 2) the number of superhelical turns, calculated from the total angle through which the DNA is bent, and 3) the volume of the DNA-histone core. This approach allowed us to define in detail the structural diversity of nucleosomes caused by disassembly of the octasome to form subnucleosomal structures containing hexasomes, tetrasomes and disomes.

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Many extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of charged heavy long-lived particles, such as -hadrons or charginos. These particles, if produced at the Large Hadron Collider, should be moving non-relativistically and are therefore identifiable through the measurement of an anomalously large specific energy loss in the ATLAS pixel detector. Measuring heavy long-lived particles through their track parameters in the vicinity of the interaction vertex provides sensitivity to metastable particles with lifetimes from 0.

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Cerebrovascular disease is a main cause of mortality and one of the big medical problems. After the vascular wall's damage the endothelial cells secrete the von Willebrand factor which then connects with its platelet's receptor GP Ib-V-IX. There are two polymorphisms Thr145Met and T(-5)C of the GP Iba gene associated with arterial thrombosis development.

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Virtual and experimental 2DE coupled with ESI LC-MS/MS was introduced to obtain better representation of the information about human proteome. The proteins from HEPG2 cells and human blood plasma were run by 2DE. After staining and protein spot identification by MALDI-TOF MS, the protein maps were generated.

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Results of a search for new phenomena in events with large missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying to two photons are reported. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb^{-1} have been collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC.

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The preservation of the nuclear polarization of hydrogen atoms during the recombination to molecules was observed on different surface materials in the temperature range from 45 to 100 K and for magnetic fields up to 1 T. On a gold and a fused quartz surface, the expected molecular polarization of about 50% or lower of the atomic polarization was measured, while a surface layer of perfluoropolyether (Fomblin) shows a nearly complete preservation (at least 97%) of the atomic polarization during the recombination process. Further experiments have the possibility of storing polarized deuterium molecules and to use them in nuclear-fusion installations.

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A search for Higgs boson pair production [Formula: see text] is performed with 19.5 fb[Formula: see text] of proton-proton collision data at [Formula: see text] TeV, which were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. The decay products of each Higgs boson are reconstructed as a high-momentum [Formula: see text] system with either a pair of small-radius jets or a single large-radius jet, the latter exploiting jet substructure techniques and associated -tagged track-jets.

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Unlabelled: The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. Understanding the structure-function relationships defining the activity and stability of GH7 CBHs is thus of keen interest.

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Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a key player in Alzheimer's disease. The proteolytic cleavage of APP results in various short peptide fragments including the toxic amyloid-beta peptide, which is a main component of senile plaques. However, the functions of APP and its processed fragments are not yet well understood.

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A search for heavy long-lived multi-charged particles is performed using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data collected in 2012 at [Formula: see text] TeV from collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb[Formula: see text]are examined.

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A measurement of the Higgs boson mass is presented based on the combined data samples of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN LHC in the H→γγ and H→ZZ→4ℓ decay channels. The results are obtained from a simultaneous fit to the reconstructed invariant mass peaks in the two channels and for the two experiments. The measured masses from the individual channels and the two experiments are found to be consistent among themselves.

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The method of integrated kinetics and its applicability to the exo-glycosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl glycosides.

Carbohydr Res

August 2015

National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, 188300, Gatchina, Orlova roscha, Russia; St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, 29 Politekhnicheskaya st., 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia.

In the present work we suggest an efficient method, using the whole time course of the reaction, whereby parameters kcat, Km and product KI for the hydrolysis of a p-nitrophenyl glycoside by an exo-acting glycoside hydrolase can be estimated in a single experiment. Its applicability was demonstrated for three retaining exo-glycoside hydrolases, β-xylosidase from Aspergillus awamori, β-galactosidase from Penicillium sp. and α-galactosidase from Thermotoga maritima (TmGalA).

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Major reorientation of tRNA substrates defines specificity of dihydrouridine synthases.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

May 2015

York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, and

The reduction of specific uridines to dihydrouridine is one of the most common modifications in tRNA. Increased levels of the dihydrouridine modification are associated with cancer. Dihydrouridine synthases (Dus) from different subfamilies selectively reduce distinct uridines, located at spatially unique positions of folded tRNA, into dihydrouridine.

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Structure of the E. coli ribosome-EF-Tu complex at <3 Å resolution by Cs-corrected cryo-EM.

Nature

April 2015

1] 3D Electron Cryomicroscopy Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany [2] Department of 3D Electron Cryomicroscopy, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August Universität, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Single particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has recently made significant progress in high-resolution structure determination of macromolecular complexes due to improvements in electron microscopic instrumentation and computational image analysis. However, cryo-EM structures can be highly non-uniform in local resolution and all structures available to date have been limited to resolutions above 3 Å. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of the 70S ribosome from Escherichia coli in complex with elongation factor Tu, aminoacyl-tRNA and the antibiotic kirromycin at 2.

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