Isoniazid-induced neuropathy in a pre-pubertal child.

Isoniazid (INH)-induced peripheral neuritis is not uncommonly reported in adults, especially those with malnutrition and alcoholism, but it is very rare in children. INH leads to peripheral neuritis by causing a deficiency in the serum level of pyridoxine which depends on the dose of INH, duration of treatment and the patient's nutritional and acetylator status. A 12-year-old girl developed tingling and numbness of the lower limbs after commencing anti-tuberculous therapy which included INH 10 mg/kg/day.

Poncet's disease in an adolescent with abdominal tuberculosis.

Poncet disease is a rare, acute-onset polyarthritis associated with active extra-articular tuberculosis (TB) without evidence of active infection in the affected joint and resolves without residual joint damage or long-term complications. Most cases are reported at the commencement of anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT). A 13-year-old girl with Poncet disease is reported which, despite almost 6 months of treatment for abdominal TB, manifested with bilateral knee joint involvement which resolved only with continuation of ATT.

Correlation of APRI Index with Metavir Index in Children with Neonatal Cholestasis Without Biliary Atresia.

Introduction And Aim: Neonatal cholestasis constitutes for 19 to 33% of all chronic liver disease in India. Cholestasis leads to fibrosis of liver and ultimately cirrhosis. There are various methods of diagnosis of fibrosis of liver like fibroscan, APRI index, FIB-4, fibro index, forns index, heap score, magnetic elastography.

Increasing Prevalence of Pediatric Drug-resistant Tuberculosis in Mumbai, India, and Its Outcome.

Background: The prevalence and type of Drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) was evaluated pre- and post-2013, and outcome was studied.

Methods: Descriptive retrospective study. Children were defined as having DR-TB on the basis of GeneXpert or line probe assay and/or drug susceptibility testing (DST) of M.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial empyema in an immunocompetent child.

Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species are mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae. There are very few reports of NTM in immunocompetent children causing empyema. In this article, we report a 9-year-old immunocompetent girl who presented with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare empyema.

Wrist swelling - Is it tuberculosis?

The hand and wrist are rare sites for tuberculosis (TB) and account for < 1% of all skeletal TB. Though rare, TB of the wrist is a cause of major morbidity. A common feature in the available reports on wrist TB is a delay in diagnosis causing residual stiffness and pain after treatment.

Fulminant hepatitis E in an infant.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted infection that is typically self-limited. It spreads by fecally contaminated water within endemic areas. Hepatitis E infection occurs in both sporadic and epidemic forms in developing countries.

Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Liver Tissue by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Infants With Neonatal Cholestasis.

Aim: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with neonatal cholestasis (NC). Diagnosis of CMV infection is most often based on either positive blood CMV IgM or CMV blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolation of CMV in liver tissues in patients with NC has rarely been reported.

Hemiplegia as a presentation of HIV infection in children: A report of 3 cases.

Strokes are a rare neurological manifestation of HIV infection in children with multifactorial etiologies. We present three HIV-infected children who presented to us with stroke out of which two had cerebral infarcts and who responded to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Third patient had tuberculous meningitis who was lost to follow-up before ART could be initiated.

Prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women in Mumbai, India: Experience from 1993-2004 and 2008.

Aim: Prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in India is of great concern, especially to prevent HIV in children. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is the most common cause of transmission of HIV in children. Prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women in India has ranged from 0.

Aortoarteritis with tuberculosis.

Aortoarteritis is an inflammatory condition of the aorta, which has been rarely reported due to tuberculous infection. We report two cases of children who had aortoarteritis along with tuberculosis (TB), of which one had collapse consolidation and the other had latent TB. Both patients were treated with anti-TB therapy and steroids.

Coxsackie encephalitis in a child in Western India.

Enteroviral encephalitis in children has been rarely described from Western India. We describe a 5½-year-old child with Coxsackie encephalitis.

Lactic Acidosis in Children - A Varied Presentation.

Primary lactic acidemias represent a family of disorders of pyruvate metabolism or defects in the respiratory chain. However, lactic acidosis may also be seen in metabolic disorders such as organic acidemias, urea cycle defects, and fatty acid oxidation defects, which can be easily excluded by serum ammonia estimation, urinary organic acid estimation, and quantification of plasma amino acids. The classical presentation of a patient with primary lactic acidemia is growth retardation, ataxia, stroke, and increased lactic acid levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

Evolution of ventricular outpouching through the fetal and postnatal periods: Unabating dilemma of serial observation or surgical correction.

Ventricular outpouching is a rare finding in prenatal sonography and the main differential diagnoses are diverticulum, aneurysm, and pseudoaneurysm in addition to congenital cysts and clefts. The various modes of fetal presentation of congenital ventricular outpouching include an abnormal four-chamber view on fetal two-dimensional echocardiogram, fetal arrhythmia, fetal hydrops, and pericardial effusion. Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA)/nonapical diverticula are usually isolated defects.

Management of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Newborn - Paradigm Shift and Ethical Issues.

Management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) begins soon after it is detected, whether antenatally or postnatally. Assessment of the severity of the condition, associated congenital anomalies, maternal health and related issues, weight of the fetus/baby, mode of delivery, timing of delivery, immediate appropriate management of the baby with CDH at birth, appropriate utilization of available treatment modalities as well as infrastructure of the treating institute have an impact on the outcome of the neonate. Survival without significant long-term/permanent morbidity is considered as good outcome.

Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis Type 2 in an Indian Child.

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a chronic cholestasis syndrome that begins in infancy and usually progresses to cirrhosis within the first decade of life. There are three varieties of PFIC described: PFIC-1 occurs due to mutations in the gene mapped to 18q21.31, PFIC-2 due to mutations in mapped to 2q24, and PFIC-3 due to mutations in located on 7q21.

Current trends of microorganisms and their sensitivity pattern in paediatric septic arthritis: A prospective study from tertiary care level hospital.

Purpose: Early treatment of septic arthritis is essential before irreversible damage to the articular cartilage occurs. Clinicians often start empirical antibiotic therapy for symptomatic relief while awaiting a definitive culture report. In present day parlance with variations in different centres in the private and public sector and rampant antibiotic abuse, a lot of resistance is being seen in the flora and their sensitivity patterns.

Outcome after internal fixation of intraarticular distal humerus (AO type B & C) fractures: Preliminary results with anatomical distal humerus LCP system.

Purpose: The treatment of intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus is challenging and involves the risk of complications and bad functional results. Anatomical and stable internal fixation with early postoperative mobilization is expected to improve the functional outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional and radiological results, along with the complications associated, of open reduction and internal fixation using precontoured anatomical locking LCP plate system for intraarticular distal humerus fractures in adult patients.

Late onset hydrocephalus in children with tuberculous meningitis.

Hydrocephalus is a known complication of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). It is almost always present in patients who have had the disease for four to six weeks. However, hydrocephalus can also develop later in the disease course as seen in our 3 patients.

Tuberculosis in a case of hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome.

Hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by elevated serum IgE, dermatitis, and immunodeficiency that predisposes to multiple skin and lung infections. The most frequent pathogen responsible for infections in these patients is . Tuberculosis (TB) in patients with HIES is an uncommon finding, and there are only a few reports of mycobacterial infections in known cases of HIES.

Neonatal cholestasis due to primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Neonatal cholestasis is rarely caused due to primary sclerosing cholangitis, which is an inflammatory disease of the bile ducts, which results in obstructive fibrosis of the ducts. A 7-month-old male child presented with jaundice along with high-colored urine and clay-colored stools since birth. Liver biopsy showed mild bile duct proliferation with cholangioles showing bile and thrombi suggestive of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Multidrug-resistant meningitis in children.

species have emerged as one of the most troublesome pathogens for healthcare institutions globally. In more recent times, nosocomial infections involving the central nervous system, skin and soft tissue, and bone have emerged as highly problematic. species infection is common in intensive care units; however, meningitis is rarely reported.