Subjective social status of older people across countries: the role of modernization and employment.

Objectives: To test and expand upon modernization theory's account of subjective social status (SSS) of older people in society. It was hypothesized that perceptions of older people's social status should be higher in more modernized countries and that the proportion of older people in employment should moderate the relationship between modernization and SSS of older people.

Methods: Data were from the "Experiences and Expressions of Ageism" module in the fourth round of the European Social Survey.

Cucurbitacins as Constituents of Wilbrandia ebracteata.

The methanolic extract from the roots of WILBRANDIA EBRACTEATA afforded, in addition to the known dihydrocucurbitacins B and E, dihydroisocucurbitacin B, Cucurbitacins B, D, E, G, H, P, and 22-deoxycucurbi-tacin D, four new compounds whose structures were elucidated as (20 R,24xi)-3)3beta,16alpha,20)24,25-pentahydroxy-10alpha-cucurbit-5-ene-2,11,22-trione (3- EPI-isocucurbitacin G) ( 8), (20 R,22xi)-2beta16a,20,22,25-pentahydroxy-10alpha-cucurbita-5,23 T-diene-3,11-dione ( 13), (20 R)-25-acetoxy-3,16alpha,20-trihydroxy-30- NOR-2-(beta- D-glucopyranosyloxy)-1,2,3,4,5,10-dehydrocucurbit-6-ene-11,22-dione ( 14), and dihydroisocucurbitacin B-3-glucoside ( 16).