Virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and correlation with antimicrobial resistance.

Background: Escherichia coli has found to be the predominant uropathogen (50-90%) in uncomplicated, community acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) express a multitude of virulence factors, which enable the bacteria to establish UTI. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of different phenotypic virulence markers in UPEC isolates and determine their correlation with antibiotic resistance pattern.

An unexpected extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (E-GIST) on the jejunal mesentery.

Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (E-GIST) are group of soft tissue neoplasm, which originates from outside the gastrointestinal tract and comprises less than 5% of the total GIST. Most commonly, they originate from the omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneum or the solid organs like liver and the pancreas. E-GIST arising from the sac of the jejunal mesentery, and mimicking preoperatively as a colonic neoplasm is very rare.

Establishing Cardiac Surgery in Eastern Nepal: Early Results.

Background: Only few dedicated cardiac centres provide cardiac surgery service in Nepal. We are the only government affiliated centre outside the capital providing this service. In this study, we aim to present our early results of cardiac surgery.

Giant Calcified Retroperitoneal Teratoma.

Retroperitoneal teratoma involving adrenal gland is a rare entity in adults comprising only 4% of all primary teratomas. These tumors are mainly seen in infants and children. Diagnosis is made by X-ray and CT abdomen showing the presence of large tumor with cystic and calcified walls.

Fever of unknown origin: a rare presentation of giant hepatic hemangioma.

Hepatic hemangioma is mostly asymptomatic and incidental finding on imaging. Fever of unknown origin as a sole presentation is rare. We present an interesting case report of a 49-year-old female, who presented with fever for three months.

Diagnosing Gastric Cancer in Chest X-ray.

A 60-year-old lady presented with symptoms of chronic iron deficiency anaemia. On evaluation with routine chest X-ray, it surprisingly revealed an irregular mass-like opacity in proximal part of stomach suggesting gastric cancer. The diagnosis was later confirmed with upper GI endoscopy and CT scan abdomen.

Extreme Small Bowel Enteroatmospheric Fistula.

Small bowel enteroatmospheric fistula is a serious and devastating complication of open abdomen. We present an interesting image of a 40-year-old gentleman who developed multiple small bowel enteroatmospheric fistulae following open abdomen management for complicated intra-abdominal peritonitis.

Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation among coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical samples at a tertiary care hospital of eastern Nepal.

Background: Coagulase negative staphylococci were long regarded non-pathogenic as they are the commensals of human skin and mucosa but the recent changes in the medical practice and changes in underlying host populations, they are being considered significant pathogens associated with number of nosocomial infections. The objective of the study was to determine the species, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biofilm forming ability of the clinically significant CoNS isolates and to compare the different methods for the detection of biofilm formation.

Methods: A total of 52 clinically significant CoNS isolates obtained from different units during a year period were studied.

Effect of root-extracts of Ficus benghalensis (Banyan) in memory, anxiety, muscle co-ordination and seizure in animal models.

Background: Ficus benghalensis L. (Banyan) is a commonly found tree in Eastern Nepal. Its different plant parts are used for various neurological ailments.

Profile of Patients Admitted in Maternal Intensive Care Unit at BPKIHS, a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Nepal.

Background: Maternal death is a tragic event. It can be reduced by prompt recognition of critical illness in pregnancy and earlier initiation of intensive care. The physiological changes of pregnancy and the presence of a fetus complicates the assessment and management of critically ill obstetric patients.

Unusual presentation of tuberculosis in an elderly male: a case report.

Tuberculous liver abscess is an extremely rare condition, even in tuberculosis endemic countries. A 68-year-old male presented with 2 months of fever, significant weight loss, and hepatomegaly. Ultrasonography revealed a right hepatic lobe abscess.

Do Size and Insecticide Treatment Matter? Evaluation of Different Nets against Phlebotomus argentipes, the Vector of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Nepal.

In the Indian subcontinent, Leishmania donovani, the parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is transmitted by the sand fly vector Phlebotomus argentipes. Long lasting insecticide treated nets (LN) have been postulated as alternative or complement to Indoor Residual Spraying but there are few field studies evaluating the entomological efficacy of different nets against this vector. We conducted two crossover trials in a VL endemic area in Nepal to compare the barrier effect of (1) LN with different mesh sizes (156 holes/inch2 vs 625 holes/inch2) and (2) alpha-cypermethrin treated LN and untreated nets having the same mesh size (156 holes/inch2).

Clinical and ultrasonographic measurement of liver size in normal children.

Objectives: To measure the normal range of dimensions of liver in children of various age groups and to compare the liver measurement obtained by palpation-percussion, auscultation and ultrasonography.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study in which 500 normal (weight for height between ± 2 SD of WHO standards for children aged less than 5 y and BMI between ± 2 SD of WHO standards for children aged more than 5 y) children (0-15 y) divided in 5 age groups (100 in each age group). Subjects were enroled from normal hospital delivery neonates, children visiting immunization and well baby clinics, children visiting outpatient and inpatient department with minor illnesses and healthy school children.

Clinical and electroencephalographic profile of children.

Background: Reports on pediatric electroencephalogram of Nepalese patients are rare.

Objective: We aimed to study the relationship between provisional clinical and electrophysiological diagnoses of pediatric patients with documentation of demographic profiles, and type and frequency of the disorders/diseases.

Methods: Electroencephalographic reports of 634 children from 2006 to 2009 were analyzed at neurophysiology laboratory, department of Basic and Clinical Physiology, B.

Factors contributing to antenatal care and delivery practices in Village Development Committees of Ilam district, Nepal.

Background: Proper antenatal care and good delivery practice helps to prevent the complications of childbirth and ensures a wholesome maternal and child health in the future. Almost half of the births in the developing countries take place without a skilled birth attendant.

Objectives: To assess the antenatal care (ANC) and delivery practices in the Village Development Committees (VDC) of Ilam district, Nepal and to identify the relationship with the socio-demographic factors.

Outbreak of cholera in Tilathi VDC Saptari Nepal.

Background: On 2011, Cluster of cholera cases was reported in the Tilathi VDC of Saptari, Nepal.

Objective: The outbreak was investigated to identify the etiological agent and possible source of infection and guiding the prevention and control measures.

Methods: Demographic and clinical details were collected from the suspected case-patients, and the outbreak was described by time, place, and person.