Surgical treatment of tuberculous chronic constrictive pericarditis: A retrospective observational study from tertiary hospital of eastern Nepal.

Background: Tuberculosis remains an important cause of chronic constrictive pericarditis (CCP) in developing countries. It is a surgically treatable cause of diastolic heart failure. Without surgery, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality.

Novel transdisciplinary methodology for cross-sectional analysis of snakebite epidemiology at national scale.

Background: Worldwide, it is estimated that snakes bite 4.5-5.4 million people annually, 2.

Using a co-design process to develop an integrated model of care for delivering self-management intervention to multi-morbid COPD people in rural Nepal.

Background: People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Nepal are not receiving adequate support to self-manage their chronic conditions, and primary health care can play a key role in the effective management of these. In this study, we aimed to develop a model of care, using a co-design approach, for delivering evidence-based biomedical and psycho-social care to support self-management for people with multi-morbid COPD in rural Nepal.

Methods: A co-design approach, guided by the five stages of the design thinking model, was used for this study.

Abdominal cocoon syndrome with military tuberculosis.

Abdominal cocoon syndrome coexistent with military tuberculosis is a very rare entity, and its occurrence in a young adult male has not been previously reported. The disease in combination with military tuberculosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality if underdiagnosed and untreated; hence, a high index of suspicion is required in a patient with tuberculosis presenting with intestinal pseudo-obstruction. The ideal treatment of the combination is surgical excision of cocoon along with oral anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), when the initial conservative management fails.

Extended Total Mesorectal Excision (e-TME) for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Background: Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) can involve surrounding pelvic organs requiring multivisceral resection. Extended total mesorectal excision (e-TME) or multivisceral resection is a complex procedure associated with high morbidity, mortality, and R1 resection rates. However, e-TME in LARC with surrounding organ involvement is the only potential option for cure.

Combined Bile Duct and Pancreatic Duct Injuries during Distal Gastrectomy for Obstructing Peptic Ulcer Disease.

A combination of bile and pancreatic duct injuries is very rare. Anomalous ductal anatomy, distorting duodenal fibrosis, and pancreatic atrophy predispose to this untoward complication during performance of distal gastrectomy for benign peptic stricture. The technical challenges posed by this complication and experience gained by managing it are shared.

Single-stage hepaticojejunostomy for symptomatic portal biliopathy in a splenectomized patient: A report of two cases.

Single-stage biliary decompression without prior shunt surgery, although risks for catastrophic bleeding, it is feasible to perform upfront hepaticojejunostomy in a splenectomized patient where shuntable vein is not available in patient with portal biliopathy.

Jejunal Intussusception in Adolescent Crohn's Disease: An Extremely Rare Complication.

Proximal small bowel intussusception occurring in an adolescent Crohn's disease patient is an extremely rare entity. It is usually primary without a lead point and quite often a transient phenomenon. We report such transient and intermittent jejunal intussusception in a 16-year-old male, developing immediately in a postoperative period after a stoma reversal for jejunal stricture perforation peritonitis.

Urinary Calculi: A Microbiological and Biochemical Analysis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal.

Background: The occurrence of urinary tract infection in presence of urolithiasis is frequently noted; however, microbial agents of urolithiasis and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns remain underinvestigated. This study aimed to identify the microorganisms isolated from urine and stone matrices to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility, to find the association between the pathogens of urine and stone matrices, and to perform the biochemical analysis of stones.

Methods: A total of 88 cases of urolithiasis admitted for elective stone removal at Department of surgery, B.

Spontaneous fistulization of walled-off pancreatic necrosis into the colon.

Spontaneous fistulization of the pancreatic necrosis into the colon is rare. It should be kept as differentials in the presence of massive air in the WOPN. Sometimes, simple bedside X-ray abdomen may clinch the diagnosis in the presence of large radiolucent air-fluid level with a peripheral displaced bowel loops.

Open pleural decortication for the late stage empyema thoracis in children: a retrospective observational study from a tertiary hospital of eastern Nepal.

The management of late-stage empyema thoracis requires surgical intervention. We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis of open pleural decortication for late stage empyema thoracis in 55 children (age ≤ 15 years; median age = 6 years; age range = 1-15 years; 40 [72.7%] boys) over 42 months.

Facilitators and barriers to the self-management of COPD: a qualitative study from rural Nepal.

Objective: To understand the facilitators and barriers to the self-management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural Nepal.

Settings: Community and primary care centres in rural Nepal.

Participants: A total of 14 participants (10 people with COPD and 4 health care providers) were interviewed.

Self-management practice, associated factors and its relationship with health literacy and patient activation among multi-morbid COPD patients from rural Nepal.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive and debilitating condition that affects individuals' quality of life. COPD self-management and supports provided by carers is key to the quality of life people living with COPD. Health literacy (HL) and Patient Activation (PA) are main drivers of self-management practices (SMPs).

Incarcerated complete rectal prolapse managed by Altemeier's procedure.

Rectal prolapse is a complete protrusion of the rectum through the anal canal, which usually occurs in elderly women. Incarceration is a rare event and can be the first presentation of a rectal prolapse. We present the case of a 54-year-old male patient who presented with incarceration and was managed successfully with Altemeier's procedure.

IMFT of the sigmoid colon: a case report.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMFT) of the colon is a very rare entity, characterized by proliferation of myofibroblast cells admixed with inflammatory infiltrates. The entity was first described in the late 1990s, and since then less than 30 cases have been described. It frequently mimics other neoplasm of the colon, such as adenocarcinoma, lymphoma and stromal tumor, and is very difficult to clinch the diagnosis preoperatively based on the clinical and radiological findings.

Study of the magnitude of diabetes and its associated risk factors among the tuberculosis patients of Morang, Eastern Nepal.

Background: WHO addresses the infectious disease like Tuberculosis, and non- communicable disease like Diabetes among the top 10 causes of death worldwide, which collectively leads to increasing mortality and premature death especially in developing countries. Hence, the present study aims to assess the prevalence of diabetes and its associated risk factors among the tuberculosis patient of Morang, Eastern Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the 320 respondents undergoing tuberculosis treatment of Morang district.