Latent tuberculosis infection screening in persons newly-diagnosed with HIV infection in Italy: A multicentre study promoted by the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases.

Background: The Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases performed a survey on the application of guidelines for the management of persons living with HIV (PLWH), to evaluate current practice and the yield of screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in newly-diagnosed PLWH; in addition, the offer of preventive therapy to LTBI individuals and the completion rate were analysed.

Materials And Methods: Newly-diagnosed PLWH in nine centres were evaluated retrospectively (2016/2017) using binary and multinomial logistic regression to identify factors associated with LTBI diagnostic screening and QuantiFERON (QFT) results.

Results: Of 801 patients evaluated, 774 were studied after excluding active TB.

New scenarios in secondary hyperparathyroidism: etelcalcetide. Position paper of working group on CKD-MBD of the Italian Society of Nephrology.

Bone mineral abnormalities (defined as Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral Bone Disorder; CKD-MBD) are prevalent and associated with a substantial risk burden and poor prognosis in CKD population. Several lines of evidence support the notion that a large proportion of patients receiving maintenance dialysis experience a suboptimal biochemical control of CKD-MBD. Although no study has ever demonstrated conclusively that CKD-MBD control is associated with improved survival, an expanding therapeutic armamentarium is available to correct bone mineral abnormalities.

Perineal trauma with anal avulsion: case report.

Anorectal avulsion is an exceptional rectal trauma. In this kind of lesions, the anus and the sphincter no longer join the perineum and are pulled upward. We present a case of 34-years-old patient who was admitted because of a pelvic-perineal trauma, presenting a partial anorectal avulsion, exposed femoral fracture with thigh's lacerated-contused wound.

Purely Meningeal Intracranial Relapse of Melanoma Brain Metastases After Surgical Resection and Immunotherapy as a Unique Disease Progression Pattern: Our Experience and Review of the Literature.

Background: We present a case of 72-year-old man with a history of metastatic melanoma diagnosed in 2015 presenting a stable disease in treatment with dabrafenib.

Case Description: The patient had been surgically treated for a presumed intracranial parietooccipital metastasis. He presented 1 month later with a meningeal lesion associated with a subdural hematoma.

Standards for European training requirements in interventional neuroradiology : Guidelines by the Division of Neuroradiology/Section of Radiology European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), in cooperation with the Division of Interventional Radiology/UEMS, the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), and the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT).

This document sets out standards for training in Interventional Neuroradiology (INR) in Europe. These standards have been developed by a working group of the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR) and the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) on the initiative and under the umbrella of the Division of Neuroradiology/Section of Radiology of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS).

Diagnostic Issues of Asymptomatic Neurosyphilis in HIV-Positive Patients: A Retrospective Study.

: Asymptomatic neurosyphilis (ANS) is a disease that is difficult to diagnose in people living with HIV (PLWH). The European Guidelines on the management of syphilis suggest that ANS should be suspected and thus the lumbar puncture (LP) should be performed in cases of (1) late syphilis (acquired >2 years previously), (2) CD4 cells ≤ 350/mm and/or a serum Venereal Disease Research Laboratory/Rapid Plasma Reagin (VDRL/RPR) title > 1:32, (3) "serological failure" after syphilis therapy, and (4) the use of alternative treatment for syphilis. In the present study, we aimed to verify the accuracy of the guideline's criteria for the indication of LP in the suspicion of ANS in a cohort of PLWH.

Hypophosphatemia in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury on renal replacement therapies.

Hypophosphatemia is a common but often underestimated electrolyte derangement among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Low phosphate levels can lead to cellular dysfunction with potentially relevant clinical manifestations (e.g.

A Guide to Understanding Antimicrobial Drug Dosing in Critically Ill Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy.

A careful management of antimicrobials is essential in the critically ill with acute kidney injury, especially if renal replacement therapy is required. Acute kidney injury may lead to clinically significant modifications of drugs' pharmacokinetic parameters, and the need for renal replacement therapy represents a further variable that should be considered to avoid inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. The most important pharmacokinetic parameters, useful to determine the significance of extracorporeal removal of a given drug, are molecular weight, protein binding, and distribution volume.

Prophylactic use of antiemetics for prevention of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: a survey about Italian physicians' practice.

Purpose: Antiemetics are being used both for the treatment and prophylaxis of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) in clinical practice, despite the lack of evidence for the prophylactic benefit. Studies among Japanese physicians demonstrated over 80% prescribe antiemetics, with neuroleptic antipsychotics as the most commonly prescribed drugs. Our objective was to elucidate the current scenario of the prophylactic use of antiemetics for OINV among Italian physicians.

[Stratification of cardiovascular risk in patients with non-traumatic chest pain in the emergency department. Perspectives of the Heart Risk Score in patients with acute coronary syndrome.].

Introduction: Acute chest pain (CP) is a potentially related both to acute coronary syndrome and to other morbidities; this means that 2%-10% patients with cardiogenic CP are improperly discharged from the Emergency Room (ER). In order to identify risk to develop cardiovascular (CV) events in patients admitted to ER with CP, we used Heart Risk Score (HRS).

Materials And Methods: We included 165 patients referred to the ER for non-traumatic acute CP.

[Update 2017 of the KDIGO guidelines on Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). What are the real changes?].

Guidelines for the assessment, diagnosis and therapy of the alterations that characterize the CKD-MBD are an important support in the clinical practice of the nephrologist. Compared to the KDIGO guidelines published in 2009, the 2017 update made changes on some topics on which there was previously no strong evidence both in terms of diagnosis and therapy. The recommendations include the diagnosis of bone anomalies in CKD-MBD and the treatment of mineral metabolism abnormalities with particular regard to hyperphosphataemia, calcium levels, secondary hyperparathyroidism and anti-resorptive therapies.

Bone, inflammation and the bone marrow niche in chronic kidney disease: what do we know?

Recent improvements in our understanding of physiology have altered the way in which bone is perceived: no longer is it considered as simply the repository of divalent ions, but rather as a sophisticated endocrine organ with potential extraskeletal effects. Indeed, a number of pathologic conditions involving bone in different ways can now be reconsidered from a bone-centred perspective. For example, in metabolic bone diseases like osteoporosis (OP) and renal osteodystrophy (ROD), the association with a worse cardiovascular outcome can be tentatively explained by the possible derangements of three recently discovered bone hormones (osteocalcin, fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin) and a bone-specific enzyme (alkaline phosphatase).

CKD-MBD management: what is the role of parathyroidectomy? Results from a nationwide survey in Italy.

We herein report on a nationwide survey conducted in Italy to investigate the use of parathyroidectomy (PTX). In spite of the availability of newer and more effective drugs to control chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) biochemical abnormalities, PTX still remains a resource for nephrologists to use. However, observational analyses suggest that in recent years there has been a constant decline in the number of patients undergoing PTX.