2,455 results match your criteria: "Azabu University; Kanagawa 229-8501[Affiliation]"

Aims: The developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD) theory postulates that poor nutrition during fetal life increases the risk of disease later in life. Excessive fructose intake has been associated with obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and maternal fructose intake during pregnancy has been shown to affect offspring health. In this study, we investigated the effects of high maternal fructose intake on the liver stem/progenitor cells of offspring.

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  • - The study investigated muscle lesions in 25 pigs diagnosed with dystrophinopathies, revealing signs of degeneration, necrosis, and fat replacement in their muscle fibers.
  • - The researchers conducted cDNA sequencing and western blotting on 6 pigs and found a significant loss of dystrophin expression, especially at the C-terminus, alongside 5 documented missense mutations and 3 types of shortened transcripts potentially linked to the disease.
  • - The identified mutations suggest splicing abnormalities, mirroring the pathology of Becker muscular dystrophy in humans, with affected pigs showing clear signs of muscle deterioration at just 6 months of age.
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Molecular form identification of anterior pituitary gland-secreted prolactin in chicken.

Gen Comp Endocrinol

January 2024

College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Amimachi, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan.

Endocrine changes during bird reproduction are well documented. Prolactin (PRL) exhibits a strong relationship between incubation and broody behavior. The molecular forms of PRL in the anterior pituitary gland during the reproductive cycle have already been previously identified but not those in the secreted form.

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Effect of theanine on the hyperexcitability of trigeminal secondary nociceptive neurons following orofacial inflammation in rats.

Eur J Oral Sci

February 2024

Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.

The present in vivo study investigated whether systemic administration of theanine attenuates the inflammation-induced hyperexcitability of trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) neurons associated with hyperalgesia. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the whisker pads of 24 rats to induce inflammation, and then mechanical stimulation was applied to the orofacial area to assess the threshold of escape. The mechanical threshold was statistically significantly lower in CFA-inflamed rats compared to uninjected naïve rats, and this lowered threshold returned to control levels after 2 days of theanine administration.

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Objective: The Lewis lead is an EGC configuration used to detect atrial activity and its relationship with ventricular activity. However, no equivalent configuration has been proposed in veterinary medicine. Therefore, this study explored new bipolar lead configurations to evaluate atrial depolarization and investigated their characteristics by comparing them with conventional leads.

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Isolation and artificial production of atypical porcine pestivirus, using the swine-kidney-derived cell line SK-L.

Arch Virol

November 2023

Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.

Congenital tremor (CT) in piglets was first reported in 1922, and although the causative pathogen was unknown for many years, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) was recently shown to be the cause. APPV is difficult to isolate, and there have been few reports of APPV isolated from field materials. Here, we successfully isolated infectious particles from a tonsillar emulsion from a CT-affected piglet using the established swine-kidney-derived cell line SK-L.

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Objective: Cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (age 15-39 years) often present with unique characteristics and poor outcomes. To date, spinal cord glioblastoma, a rare tumor, remains poorly understood across all age groups, including AYAs. This comparative study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of spinal cord glioblastoma in AYAs and older adults (age 40-74 years), given the limited availability of studies focusing on AYAs.

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  • Time-lapse observation is important for studying mammalian embryos, but traditional methods can be costly and complex.
  • The researchers created a simple embryo-culture system using a glass capillary placed in oil, which allows for easy observation without a CO incubator.
  • Their new system, capable of capturing images every 30 minutes for 5 days, successfully monitored embryo development while ensuring the quality and speed of growth remained unaffected.
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In recent decades, phage therapy has been overshadowed by the widespread use of antibiotics in Western countries. However, it has been revitalized as a powerful approach due to the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Although bacterial resistance to phages has been reported in clinical cases, recent studies on the fitness trade-offs between phage and antibiotic resistance have revealed new avenues in the field of phage therapy.

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G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor prevents nuclear factor-kappa B promoter activation by Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A in gastric cancer cells.

J Vet Med Sci

December 2023

Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.

Helicobacter pylori is a well-known pathogen that causes chronic gastritis, leading to the development of gastric cancer. This bacterium has also been detected in dogs, and symptoms similar to those in humans have been reported. The cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is involved in pathogenesis through aberrant activation of host signal transduction, including the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.

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Purpose: We fabricated and characterized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based dissolving microneedles (MNs) for transdermal drug delivery of apomorphine hydrochloride (APO), which is used in treating the wearing-off phenomenon observed in Parkinson's disease.

Methods: We fabricated MN arrays with 11 × 11 needles of four different lengths (300, 600, 900, and 1200 μm) by micromolding. The APO-loaded dissolving MNs were characterized in terms of their physicochemical and functional properties.

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Juglorubin is a natural dye isolated from the culture of Streptomyces sp. 3094, 815, and GW4184. It has been previously synthesized via the biomimetic dimerization of juglomycin C, a plausible genetic precursor.

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We investigated the postpartum mental health of women who had consumed perilla oil or fish oil containing various omega-3 fatty acids for 12 weeks starting in mid-pregnancy. The association between fatty acids in maternal erythrocytes and mental health risk factors was also examined. Healthy Japanese primiparas in mid-pregnancy (gestational weeks 18-25) were randomly divided into two groups and consumed approximately 2.

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  • Recent studies suggest that polyphenols may help prevent chronic diseases, but their measurement's reliability over time is unclear.
  • This study assessed the consistency of 35 plasma polyphenols measured in participants a year apart, along with their relation to food intake from recorded diets.
  • Results showed stable levels of tea and coffee-derived polyphenols over the year, with significant correlations found between polyphenol levels and non-alcoholic beverage intake, especially green tea.
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Long-term monitoring of huddling behavior in mice using online image processing.

Neuropsychopharmacol Rep

March 2024

Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • Mice form social groups for survival, and understanding their interactions is key to studying group behavior, specifically huddling, which hasn't been analyzed in-depth.
  • This study introduces a cost-effective method using OpenCV for long-term monitoring of huddling behavior by representing mice as 'blobs' in video frames, significantly reducing data storage needs.
  • The algorithm showed over 90% accuracy when compared to manual cluster counting, and initial findings hint at gender differences in huddling, paving the way for further research into group behavior in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Spices have been known to be highly contaminated commodities with mycotoxins. The Codex Alimentarius reports that nutmeg is particularly contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA). To eliminate contaminated commodities, visual sorting and bright greenish-yellow fluorescence (BGYF) sorting are used as low-cost technologies in production engineering.

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Recent topics in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

Anal Sci

November 2023

Department of Environmental Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.

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Retraction: Nuclear Morphometric Analysis of Leydig Cells of Male Pubertal Rats Exposed to Di(-butyl) Phthalate.

J Toxicol Pathol

October 2023

Department of Toxicology, Laboratory Animal Science, and Veterinary Anatomy, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.

[This retracts the article on p. 439 in vol. 26, PMID: 24526819.

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A 28-day-old Holstein calf with astasia (i.e., right hind limb flaccid paralysis) was referred to Large Animal Veterinary Educational Center.

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Local Administration of the Phytochemical, Quercetin, Attenuates the Hyperexcitability of Rat Nociceptive Primary Sensory Neurons Following Inflammation Comparable to lidocaine.

J Pain

March 2024

Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.

Although in vivo local injection of quercetin into the peripheral receptive field suppresses the excitability of rat nociceptive trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, under inflammatory conditions, the acute effects of quercetin in vivo, particularly on nociceptive TG neurons, remain to be determined. The aim of this study was to examine whether acute local administration of quercetin into inflamed tissue attenuates the excitability of nociceptive TG neurons in response to mechanical stimulation. The mechanical escape threshold was significantly lower in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-inflamed rats compared to before CFA injection.

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can cause infection in ruminants, and its pathogenicity is suggested to be associated with VapN. Despite its wide distribution, no immunological diagnostic method has been developed for VapN-producing . Against this background, we attempted to develop monoclonal antibodies targeting VapN and assess their application in immunostaining.

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Hepcidin negatively regulates systemic iron levels by inhibiting iron entry into the circulation. Hepcidin production is increased in response to an increase in systemic iron via the activation of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. Regulation of hepcidin expression by iron status has been proposed on the basis of evidence mainly from rodents and humans.

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Significant association of Yamamoto-Kohama classification and pathological depth of invasion with cervical lymph node metastasis in early-stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma (Stage I/II).

J Dent Sci

October 2023

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with a high likelihood of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM), leading to a poor prognosis.
  • A study of 89 patients focused on identifying clinicopathological features that predict CLNM in early-stage tongue SCC, using methods like Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression.
  • Significant risk factors for CLNM included clinical stage T2, depth of invasion greater than 5 mm, tumor budding, and high-grade differentiation, with about 25.8% of patients exhibiting CLNM, indicating the need for close monitoring in at-risk patients post-surgery.
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Objective: The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with grade II spinal cord astrocytomas remains controversial. Additionally, the relationship between progression and clinical deterioration after radiotherapy has not been well investigated.

Methods: This study included 53 patients with grade II intramedullary spinal cord astrocytomas treated by either subtotal, partial resection or open biopsy.

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  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), specifically c4G12, show promise in treating various advanced malignant tumors in dogs, including osteosarcoma and nasal adenocarcinoma, based on a clinical study conducted at Hokkaido University.
  • The study involved 12 dogs, with a treatment regimen of c4G12 administered bi-weekly, revealing a significant incidence of treatment-related adverse effects in 8 dogs, though most were manageable.
  • The results indicate a 25% objective response rate among dogs with measurable disease, highlighting the need for further research to better understand which tumor types respond best to this treatment.
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