Monitoring ventral tail base surface temperature for fever detection in calves.

In this study, we investigated whether monitoring the ventral tail base surface temperature (ST) using a wearable wireless sensor could be effective for fever detection in calves with experimentally induced pneumonia after inoculation with Histophilus somni strain 2336. We found a significant difference in the changes in ST values between the control and H. somni-inoculated groups after 24 h of inoculation and detected fever; however, the rectal temperature showed a significant difference between the groups after 12 h of inoculation.

Regulatory mechanisms underlying interleukin-6 expression in murine brown adipocytes.

Three types of adipocytes, white, brown, and beige, regulate the systemic energy balance through the storage and expenditure of chemical energy. In addition, adipocytes produce various bioactive molecules known as adipokines. In contrast to white adipocyte-derived molecules, less information is available on the adipokines produced by brown adipocytes (batokine).

Clinical features of early recurrence of type I thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation in Miniature Dachshunds.

Some reports have been published on clinical features in dogs with early recurrence of type I thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (TL-IVDH), but there is little understanding of the changes involved. This retrospective study describes the clinical features, including radiographic image results at the time of recurrence, of dogs with type I TL-IVDH that had undergone hemilaminectomy but then suffered early recurrence. Our medical records were searched between June 2007 and December 2022.

Intergenerational transmission of maternal behavioral traits in mice: involvement of the gut microbiota.

The matrilineal transmission of maternal behavior has been reported in several species. Studies, primarily on rats, have suggested the importance of postnatal experience and the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating these transmissions. This study aims to determine whether the matrilineal transmission of maternal behavior occurs in mice and whether the microbiota is involved.

Brain Temperature as an Indicator of Cognitive Function in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.

Whether brain temperature noninvasively extracted by magnetic resonance imaging has a role in identifying brain changes in the later phases of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not known. This prospective study aimed to evaluate if TBI patients in subacute and chronic phases had altered brain temperature measured by whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (WB-MRSI) and if the measurable brain temperature had any relationship with cognitive function scores. WB-MRSI was performed on eight TBI patients and fifteen age- and sex-matched control subjects.

Histologic, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization study of myxoid stroma in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (oSCC) is a highly invasive malignant neoplasm in cats. Recently, tumor stroma, known as tumor microenvironments, have been considered to play an essential role in tumor progression. However, their role in feline squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains unclear.

Usefulness of combining computed tomography and air sac fluid examination to rule out aspergillosis: case study in two gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) with respiratory clinical signs.

Pulmonary aspergillosis occurring in captive penguins living in zoos and aquariums is a fatal disease owing to its high mortality rate. On conducting computed tomography, two gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) with respiratory clinical signs that were housed at an aquarium in Hokkaido, Japan were found to have a certain amount of fluid in their air sacs. This fluid was collected and cultured for bacteria and fungi, the results of which both came back negative.

Raillietina cesticillus infection causes reduced egg production in chickens in a windowless poultry house.

In a windowless poultry house raising layer chickens in Kanagawa prefecture, Japan, a slight increase in the mortality of chickens and a decrease in egg production were observed. Necropsy revealed numerous tapeworms and proglottids in chicken intestines. Histopathologically, gut-associated lymphoid tissues were observed in the lamina propria of the jejunum; however, no significant changes were observed in the other organs.

Reducing Effects of Whey Protein Hydrolysate on Coloration of Cured Sausages.

Curing produces a characteristic pink color during meat processing through the production of nitrosyl myoglobin (NOMb), which requires nitric oxide (NO). Nitrites and nitrates in coloring agents are crucial NO sources; however, a reducing agent is necessary to facilitate their chemical conversion to NO. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the reducing properties of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the reddening of cured meat products.

Dietary oleic acid intake increases the proportion of type 1 and 2X muscle fibers in mice.

Skeletal muscle is one of the largest metabolic tissues in mammals and is composed of four different types of muscle fibers (types 1, 2A, 2X, and 2B); however, type 2B is absent in humans. Given that slow-twitch fibers are superior to fast-twitch fibers in terms of oxidative metabolism and are rich in mitochondria, shift of muscle fiber types in direction towards slower fiber types improves metabolic disorders and endurance capacity. We previously had reported that oleic acid supplementation increases type 1 fiber formation in C2C12 myotubes; however, its function still remains unclear.

Analysis of Alternative Methods of Environmental Monitoring for Listeria in Food Production Facilities.

Validated alternative test methodologies may be used in place of culture-based methods recommended for environmental monitoring programs (EMPs) for Listeria in food production facilities. In order to help guide decisions on which testing method to use to simplify Listeria EMP implementation in food production facilities, alternative methods were compared to the culture-based method in actual EMPs for Listeria. Seventy-two samples collected from two facilities of souzai production businesses that use meat and meat products as ingredients, one facility of processed meat product production business, and one facility of processed meat product and souzai production business were applied to EMPs for Listeria using the culture-based method, 3M Molecular Detection System (MDS), and InSite L.

Predicting an increased risk of severe clinical mastitis and economic loss using a threshold value of bovine leukemia virus proviral load.

Objective: To establish a threshold value of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load (PVL) to identify increased risk of severe clinical mastitis, and to examine the prognosis and economic loss of clinical mastitis based on the newly established PVL cut-off value.

Animals: 97 lactating Holstein cows with clinical mastitis.

Methods: Blood and milk samples were collected aseptically from each cow.

Effects of the Calls and Presence of Roosters on Egg Incubation Behavior of Nagoya Laying Hens.

The incubation behavior of the Japanese Nagoya chicken breed is a commercial issue because it often causes a sudden and sharp drop in egg production. In this study, whether the incidence of incubation behavior in Nagoya laying hens was associated with calls and the presence of roosters in the same laying house was investigated. Four experiments were conducted using commercial layer-type Nagoya hens where the hatching time of the experimental birds and the treatment order in the presence of males were changed .

Cutaneous anaphylactoid reaction to polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil in dogs.

Background: Polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil (HCO ethoxylates) is a nonionic surfactant used as an excipient for ointments and injections in human and veterinary drugs. Several polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives can be obtained depending on the number of moles of ethylene oxide (EO). HCO ethoxylates have the potential to cause anaphylactoid reactions.

Progression of albuminuria and podocyte injury in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis inhibited by enhanced glycosphingolipid GM3 via valproic acid.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, characterized by decreased numbers of podocytes in glomeruli, is a common cause of refractory nephrotic syndrome. Recently, we showed that enhanced glycosphingolipid GM3 expression after administration of valproic acid, an upregulator of ST3GAL5/St3gal5, was effective in preventing albuminuria and podocyte injury. We also revealed the molecular mechanism for this preventive effect, which involves GM3 directly binding nephrin that then act together in glycolipid-enriched membrane (GEM) fractions under normal conditions and in non-GEM fractions under nephrin injury conditions.

Negative Selection on a SOD1 Mutation Limits Canine Degenerative Myelopathy While Avoiding Inbreeding.

Several hundred disease-causing mutations are currently known in domestic dogs. Breeding management is therefore required to minimize their spread. Recently, genetic methods such as direct-to-consumer testing have gained popularity; however, their effects on dog populations are unclear.

A feline spinal dermoid cyst treated with surgical intervention.

A 5-year-old neutered female mixed cat presented with reduced activity and ataxia of the hind limbs. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extradural mass compressing the spinal cord on the dorsal aspects from the 7th to 8th thoracic vertebra. Dorsal laminectomy was performed on the 7-8th thoracic vertebra and the cyst was totally removed, giving full resolution of the clinical signs.

Impact of maternal fructose intake on liver stem/progenitor cells in offspring: Insights into developmental origins of health and disease.

Aims: The developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD) theory postulates that poor nutrition during fetal life increases the risk of disease later in life. Excessive fructose intake has been associated with obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and maternal fructose intake during pregnancy has been shown to affect offspring health. In this study, we investigated the effects of high maternal fructose intake on the liver stem/progenitor cells of offspring.