COMPARISON OF BACTERIAL PROBIOTICS (BIFIDOBACTERIUM AND LACTOBACILLUS) VERSUS FUNGAL PROBIOTICS (SACCHAROMYCES) IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN AGED 6 MONTHS TO 5 YEARS.

Background: Acute diarrhoea among children mainly due to infection must be treated prophylactically to reduce mortality. The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of using bacterial probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) versus fungal probiotics (Saccharomyces) for acute diarrhoea among children aged 6 months to 5 years.

Methods: A non-randomized control trial was conducted at diarrhoea ward, the Children's Hospital, Lahore from 1st March 2022 to 1st March 2024.

Factor XIII Deficiency Presenting With Duodenal Hematoma in a 3-Year-Old Female: A Comprehensive Radiological Assessment.

In the pediatric age group, FXIII deficiency can present as abnormal or delayed bleeding from the umbilical stump, soft tissue and subcutaneous bleeding, intracerebral hemorrhages, intraoral bleeding, and poor wound healing. This case report describes an atypical presentation of FXIII deficiency in a 3-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain and vomiting. She was managed conservatively under the care of the pediatric surgery team.

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ABSENTEEISM AMONG STUDENTS OF GOMAL MEDICAL COLLEGE.

Background: Absenteeism in educational settings is a significant barrier to academic success and skill development. This study investigates the socio-demographic factors contributing to absenteeism among students at Gomal Medical College MTI, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, highlighting the importance of class attendance for fostering essential job-related skills and overall student development.

Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional study design, this research was conducted from April to September 2023 within the Community Medicine Department of Gomal Medical College.

ANALYSIS OF 3D STRUCTURE OF THE PROTEIN OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE BY HOMOLOGY MODELLING HELPS IN PREDICTING BINDING SITES FOR SUBSTRATE, LEADS TO DESIGN ANTIBIOTIC.

Background: Haemophilus influenza persists as a well-known root of ill health in children throughout the entire world. Before the introduction of the vaccine, Haemophilus influenza remained a well-known and eminent source of septic arthritis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis. Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria meningitides, and staphylococcus pneumonia spreads through respiratory droplets and cause diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, and other secondary infections related to respiratory diseases.

COMPLETE HEART BLOCK IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE ANTERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Background: Complete heart block (CHB) is a relatively common complication in post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Data on the incidence and consequences of CHB in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are limited. Besides serving as an indicator of widespread myocardial injury, the development of CHB in STEMI is also associated with a higher risk of sudden cardiac death.

USE OF DIFFERENT ANTHROPOMETRIC TOOLS IN GENDER ANALYSIS OF MALNUTRITION IN DIVISION BAHAWALPUR.

Previous studies highlighted that CIAF is the better tool for malnutrition assessment which screen more children compared to other anthropometric approaches like MUAC, BMI for age, and conventional indices (Stunting, Wasting and Underweight). In the literature, none of the studies has mentioned CIAF performance by gender in comparison with other anthropometric approaches. The study solves this puzzle, of whether CIAF has the same performance in gender analysis too or not.

Efficacy and Safety of Stem Cell Therapy for Orthopedic Conditions, Including Osteoarthritis and Bone Defects.

Introduction: Orthopedic conditions like osteoarthritis and bone defects pose significant challenges due to their impact on individuals' quality of life. Traditional treatments often provide only symptomatic relief, necessitating alternative therapies for long-term management. Stem cell therapy has grabbed attention for its regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, offering potential for tissue repair and functional restoration.

Outcome Of B-Lynch Application In Patients With Post-Partum Hemorrhage Following Cesarean Section.

Background: The most common cause of post partum hemorrhage after a cesarean section is uterine atony.

Aims And Objective: The main aim of this study was to examine the outcomes of the B-Lynch procedure in patients who experienced primary PPH after cesarean section.

Methods: This study spanned one year, from August 2020 to August 2021, at Ayub Teaching Hospital.

Exploring The Link Between Obesity And Hypothyroidism.

Background: Obesity and hypothyroidism are two common clinical conditions that are often connected. This connection is now more important because of an exceptional rise in the prevalence of obesity around the world. Both of these conditions have a noteworthy impact on human health and well-being.

Extensively Drug-Resistant Enteric Fever In Children: Surging Threats Of Antimicrobial Resistance And Possible Solutions.

Background: Enteric fever is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica including Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A and is associated with potentially serious outcomes, especially in developing countries. The study was conducted with the aim to present the clinical features, laboratory characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility in patients with culture-proven extensively drug-resistant (XDR) enteric fever and to explore drug combinations as a possible solution for the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Paediatric unit of Ayub teaching hospital.

CRP Albumin Ratio: A novel noninvasive and cost-effective method for assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis.

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is a significant and potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal disorder that requires prompt and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Current diagnostic methods often involve expensive and inaccessible imaging studies, such as CT scans, limiting their utility in emergency settings and underserved areas.

Aim: This correspondence discusses an innovative and cost-effective approach to assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis, focusing on the C-Reactive Protein-Albumin Ratio (CAR).

Revitalizing hope for older adults: The use of the novel Arexvy for immunization against respiratory syncytial virus.

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, is the most common cause of respiratory tract diseases, including upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. Researchers worldwide have been working for decades to develop an RSV vaccine that is both safe and cost-effective.

Aim: This correspondence aims to highlight the recent breakthroughs in the immunization against RSV for older adults (60 years and above), encompassing the newly sanctioned prophylactic agent by the FDA, drawing attention to its side effects that need to be taken care of and providing clear recommendations to maximize the potential influence of these advancements on RSV-related diseases globally.

Celebrating breakthrough in dental diagnostics: FDA approval of an AI model for diagnosis of periodontal diseases: A correspondence.

Periodontal diseases are prevalent and have significant implications for oral health and overall well-being. Current diagnostic methods have limitations in accuracy and standardization. The recent Food and Drug Administration approval of Videa Perio Assist (VPA), an AI model for diagnosing periodontal diseases, presents a breakthrough in dental diagnostics.

The Responsiveness Of Childhood/Adolescent Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients Of Pakistani Origin To Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor.

Chronic myelogenous leukaemia is a disease in which bone marrow produces too many white blood cells. It is more common in middle age and its incidence is rare in children. Imatinib is the standard first-line treatment in chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Efficacy Of Prophylactic Intrawound Application Of Vancomycin Powder In Preventing Surgical Site Infections In Spinal Instrumentation Surgery.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is always a matter of utmost concern in cases of spinal instrumentation in low-income countries. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of local intrawound application of vancomycin powder in reducing postoperative SSI following Thoracolumbar-Sacral spinal instrumentation.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was done in the Department of Neurosurgery, Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from 1st July 2019 to 31st December 2021.

Common Risk Factors Involved In The Development Of Myocardial Infarction In Adults Younger Than 45 Years Of Age.

Background: Pakistan has got a very high prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI). MI presents at pretty young age in this country. The objective of present study was to determine the frequency of common risk factors associated with early development of MI in middle aged adults of less than 45 years.

Effectiveness Of Local Anaesthetic In Reducing Postoperative Pain At Port Site After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Background: Laparoscopy has become the highest quality level way to deal with cholecystectomy since its inception 30 years preceding, and is perhaps the most normally performed general surgeries. Pain being a significant issue after laparoscopic cholecystectomy bringing about extended admissions or readmissions. With significant varieties in pain relieving conventions an integrated approach is important to diminish pain.

Association Of Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein With Acute Kidney Injury In Paediatric Patients After Cardiac Surgery.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery. Like Creatinine level, the role of L-FABP in renal injury and its recovery had been shown by studies, so by using/measuring urinary Liver fatty acid-binding protein (uL-FABP) levels it can be a valuable biomarker for monitoring and diagnosis of various renal diseases. The study aimed to determine L-FABP as a biomarker for early diagnosis of AKI acute kidney injury in paediatric patients after cardiac surgery so that early treatment interventions can prevent AKI morbidity.

Gender Difference In Awareness And Behaviours Of Medical And Dental Students About Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) In Pakistan.

Background: Medical and dental students are the future of health workforce and a potential volunteer pool in the COVID-19 crises. This study aimed to assess the level and gender differences in the awareness, attitude and behaviours of medical and dentals students about COVID-19 in Pakistan.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical and dental undergraduate students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.

Reasons For Delayed Presentation Of Patients With St Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction To Thrombolytic Therapy In Cardiology Department Of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad.

Background: ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Any delay in reperfusion therapy is associated with poor outcomes. This study was done to know the major reasons for delayed presentation to thrombolytic therapy.

Level Of Pre-Tertiary Care Hospital Management Of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injured Patients; Where Do We Stand?

Background: Traumatic spinal cord injury is a debilitating condition that may cause long term disabilities with tremendous socioeconomic impact on affected individuals and their families. Secondary injuries can best prevent or minimized by appropriate pre hospital management and proper referral and transfer. This study was conducted to assess the clinical profile of traumatic spinal cord injuries and level of pre-hospital care provided to patients either at the site of injury or at other healthcare facilities.

Management Of Childhood Steroid Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome With Cyclophosphamide - An Experience At Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad.

Background: This study has been done in children with Steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) to check for the response to cyclophosphamide and relapse on follow up for one year after completion of treatment.

Methods: This study was conducted over two years and nine months. Patients were taken as steroid dependent when there were two consecutive relapses occur on steroids tapering or within two weeks of stopping treatment.