Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Its Biomarkers.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive and fatal neurological disorder linked to repeated traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), including concussions and blows to the head. This condition is characterized by the accumulation of abnormally structured hyperphosphorylated tau proteins (p-tau), forming neurofibrillary tangles, astrocytic tangles, and neurites in the brain. CTE is often diagnosed post-mortem, making it challenging to diagnose and predict its progression in living individuals.

Allium Sativum Oil as an Alternative Non-Vital Pulpotomy Medicament in Primary Teeth - A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Objective: To use Allium sativum oil as non-vital pulpotomy medicament in primary teeth by evaluating its antibacterial effect (Colony-Forming Units/ml- CFU/ml), against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Study Design: A double-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: Paediatric Dentistry Department, de' Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore in collaboration with the Microbiology Department, Lahore General Hospital, from October 2022 to February 2023.

Efficacy of Inclisiran in Patients Having Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Heterozygous Compared to Homozygous Trait, a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To find out whether inclisiran sodium has different efficacy in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) patient groups.

Methods: We conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis of ORION clinical trials. PubMed, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.

A Retrospective Follow-Up Study To Show The Effectiveness Of Booster Dose Of Foam Sclerotherapy Session At 3rd And 6th Months In Preventing The Recurrence Of Varicose Veins.

Background: Injection sclerotherapy administration is known to cause a decreased recurrence of varicose vein disease. This research aimed to investigate the recurrence of varicose vein disease after giving booster doses of injection sclerotherapy. The booster doses were given at 3rd and 6th months.

Efficacy and safety of itopride SR for upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with diabetic gastroparesis: real-world evidence from Pakistan.

Background: Gastroparesis is a serious condition that can be caused by diabetes, surgery or infection, or can be idiopathic. When there is no mechanical obstruction, gastroparesis is characterized by delayed stomach emptying. Itopride, a prokinetic drug, inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in addition to antagonizing dopamine D2 receptors.

Can growing patients with end-stage TMJ pathology be successfully treated with alloplastic temporomandibular joint reconstruction? - A systematic review.

Introduction: The use of alloplastic total temporomandibular joint reconstruction (TMJR) in growing patients is controversial, mainly due to immature elements of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the use of alloplastic TMJR in growing patients, focusing on the patient's clinical presentation, surgical and medical history and efficacy of alloplastic TMJR implantation.

Materials And Methods: The literature search strategy was based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes and Study type (PICOS) framework.

Utilizing Endoscopy for the Diagnosis of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Background Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a medical emergency requiring immediate diagnosis. While endoscopy is a commonly employed procedure in the evaluation of UGIB, its timing, outcomes, and the range of identified causes vary widely across different medical settings and regions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use endoscopy to investigate the cause of UGIB.

SEC24D gene as a biomarker in human cancers and its association with CD8+ T cell immune cell infiltration.

Objective: The SEC24D (SEC24 Homolog D, COPII Coat Complex Component) gene belongs to the SEC24 subfamily of genes. The protein encoded by this gene, along with its other binding partners, mediates the transport of newly-synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

Methods: A pan-cancer analysis of this gene, as well as its diagnostic and prognostic implications, are lacking in the medical literature.

Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto's Thyroid Autoimmune Disease.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an important autoimmune thyroid condition. It is characterized by lymphocytic congestion of the thyroid gland followed by progressive deterioration and fibrous substitution of the thyroid in the parenchymal structure. This study has provided insight into the variations of blood pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with Hashimoto's disease and the key role of vitamin D levels among selected patients.

Revealing the Connection Between Hemodialysis and Sexual Physiology in Women With End-Stage Renal Disease.

Introduction: In the recent past, the procedure of hemodialysis has frequently been opted for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) around the globe. In such patients, the concern of sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent, which causes psychological as well as social deterioration in these patients. Wretchedly, this issue has been ignored in developing countries like Pakistan because of social and cultural constraints.

Normative data of modified Romberg balance test for risk of fall in elderly population of Pakistan.

Objective: To generate normative data of modified Romberg balance test for the risk of fall among the elderly.

Methods: The crossectional study was conducted from July 1 to December 31, 2021, and comprised healthy adults of either gender aged 60 years and above from different cities of Pakistan. The participants were screened for balance issues using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Questionnaire.

The Drudgery of a Doctor's Disciple: Exploring the effects of Negative Role Modelling on medical students' professional development.

Introduction: Role modelling is considered an essential component of teaching in various educational settings and impact students' professional development. Most studies found in the literature have explored the influence of positive role models and limited data is available about the negative role modelling. This study explores the effects of negative role modelling of teachers on the professional development of future doctors.

Effect of Vegetable Waste on Growth Performance and Hematology of Broiler Chicks.

Vegetable waste (spinach, potato, and cauliflower) is a rich and natural source of nutrients, potentially good for supplying minerals, essential amino acids, and antioxidants to the birds. Relatively, its cost very low, easily to accessible, easily process & pose little risk of illness. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of vegetable waste (VW) as feed supplement on growth performance and hematology of broiler chicks.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Strain Ultrasound Elastography in Thyroid Lesions Compared to Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology.

Introduction Strain ultrasound-guided elastography (USE) could be used to differentiate malignant from benign thyroid lesions if its sensitivity and specificity are significantly high. Data on whether to rely on USE in differentiating thyroid nodules are unavailable, and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) remains the gold standard. However, FNAC carries a significant financial burden on hospitals and psychological stress on patients.

Virtual Reality Training Using Nintendo Wii Games for Patients With Stroke: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of disability. It is difficult to devise an optimal rehabilitation plan once stroke survivors are back home. Conventional rehabilitative therapies are extensively used in patients with stroke to recover motor functioning and disability, but these are arduous and expensive.

Efficacy of heterologous boosting against SARS-CoV-2 using a recombinant interferon-armed fusion protein vaccine (V-01): a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled phase III trial.

Waning of neutralizing titres along with decline of protection efficacy after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccines was observed, including China-made inactivated vaccines. Efficacy of a heterologous boosting using one dose of a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 fusion protein vaccine (V-01) in inactivated vaccine-primed population was studied, aimed to restore the immunity. A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled phase III trial was conducted in healthy people aged 18 years or older in Pakistan and Malaysia.

The outcomes and usefulness of Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography in vitreoretinal surgery and its impact on surgical decision making.

To evaluate the utility of intraoperative OCT and its influence on the surgeon's decision during vitreoretinal surgery. This was a pilot, prospective case series conducted at a tertiary care ophthalmology department in Lahore, Pakistan. Sixteen patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgeries were included using the microscope integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (IOCT).

Contact tracing along with epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Novel corona virus 2019 in prisoners of Camp Jail, Lahore - A prospective case ascertaining study.

Background & Objectives: Prisons are reported as hub for communicable disease, as the closed environment, overcrowding, poor hygienic conditions facilitate the disease transmission. This study was conducted to describe contact tracing to identify, educate and manage COVID-19 in camp jail Lahore and to describe clinical and epidemiological features of disease in prisoners.

Methods: After diagnosis of primary case of COVID-19 on 24 March, 2020 in camp jail, 527 suspected cases were identified through contact tracing.

Measurement Of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness In Patients Of Unilateral Amblyopia Using Optical Coherence Tomography.

Background: The retinal changes that develop in the eyes during amblyopia are still unclear. It has been proven that thickness of the nerve fiber layer of the retina is positively correlated with refractive error. The objective of the present study was to measure the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (RNFLT) using Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT) in patients of amblyopia.

A Rare Case of Job Syndrome With Autism: Complicated With Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Chronic Deep Vein Thrombosis.

Job syndrome or hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome is one of the rare immunologic diseases with only about 300 cases described in the literature until now. Given their low prevalence, our understanding of both autosomal dominant and recessive Job syndromes is still evolving. No specific treatment options are available but early diagnosis may help in treating cases prophylactically with antibiotics and wound care to reduce the patient's burden.

Assessment of non-scholastic skills (non-clinical) in trainee residents.

Doctors are clinicians and are trained in clinical work. Many non-clinical qualities, apart from the ability to examine and treat, matter a lot in their professional success. Traditionally, knowing the book well or mastering the content of the curriculum was considered enough to succeed in a medical career, but recent recognition of having good communication skills in a physician has changed the medical curricula the world over.

The incidence and awareness of Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Pakistani population.

Retinal detachment (RD) describes the separation of neurosensory retina from the underlying pigment epithelium. There are various methods of treating RD but in many cases, an unusual delay between occurrence of retinal detachment and surgery has been observed. This study was conducted to find the extent of factors involved in delay in surgery.