Bridging thrombolysis versus direct endovascular treatment in acute vertebrobasilar artery complex occlusion.

Objective: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is an effective treatment for patients with acute vertebrobasilar artery complex occlusion (VBAO). However, the benefit of bridging thrombolysis prior to EVT remains controversial. The purpose of the present study is to explore the best treatment strategy between bridging treatment (BT) and direct EVT in patients with acute VBAO.

Correction: Acceptability and Initial Adoption of the Heart Observation App for Infants With Congenital Heart Disease: Qualitative Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/45920.].

Identification and validation of soft tissue sarcoma-specific transcriptomic model for predicting radioresistance.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the transcriptomic signatures of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) related to radioresistance and establish a model to predict radioresistance.

Materials And Methods: Nine STS cell lines were cultured. Adenosine triphosphate-based viability was determined 5 days after irradiation with 8 Gy of X-rays in a single fraction.

FASN inhibition shows the potential for enhancing radiotherapy outcomes by targeting glycolysis, AKT, and ERK pathways in breast cancer.

Purpose: Breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent cancer in women, characterized by heightened fatty acid synthesis and glycolytic activity. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is prominently expressed in breast cancer cells, regulating fatty acid synthesis, thereby enhancing tumor growth and migration, and leading to radioresistance. This study aims to investigate how FASN inhibition affects cell proliferation, migration, and radioresistance in breast cancer, as well as the mechanisms involved.

Barriers to Research for Academic Otologists/Neurotologists in the United States.

Objective: The physician-scientist workforce is shrinking in the United States. Academic otologists/neurotologists face a diverse set of barriers to successful careers. We aimed to characterize the factors affecting contemporary otology/neurotology surgeon-scientists.

Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers Prevent Vestibular Schwannoma-Associated Hearing Loss.

Background Introduction: Vestibular schwannoma (VS) tumors typically present with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Losartan has recently demonstrated prevention of tumor-associated SNHL in a mouse model of VS through suppression of inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors, and the current study investigates this association in humans.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with unilateral VS and hypertension followed with sequential audiometry at a tertiary referral hospital from January 1994 to June 2023.

Preclinical Study of a Minimally Invasive Cochlear Implant Device Based on 3D Printing of a Custom Guide.

Objective: The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of a custom 3D-printed guide for performing a minimally invasive cochleostomy for cochlear implantation.

Study Design: Prospective performance study.

Setting: Secondary care.

The Association Between Postoperative Prophylactic Antibiotics and Severe Infections After Cochlear Implantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To investigate the association between postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and the risk of infections leading to implant explantation or hospitalization, with a follow-up of up to 12 years.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary medical institution.

[18F]Tetrafluoroborate: a new NIS PET/CT radiopharmaceutical. An overview focused on differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background: In relapsing differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the in vivo evaluation of natrium-iodine symporter (NIS) expression is pivotal in the therapeutic planning and is achieved by [131/123I]Iodine whole-body scan. However, these approaches have low sensitivity due to the low sensitivity due to the low resolution of SPECT. [18F]Tetrafluoroborate (TFB) has been proposed as a viable alternative, which could outperform [131/123I]Iodine scans owing to the superior PET resolution.

Pleural metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer: clinical features and long-term outcomes.

Objective: Pleural metastasis (PM) is rare in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Radioiodine (131I) therapy has been the main treatment for postoperative metastasis and recurrence of DTC. However, clinical data on PM from DTC are limited.

Using "pop-up" clinics and live-attenuated influenza vaccine to reduce barriers to flu vaccination among college students.

College students have cited inconvenience, ease of forgetting, and lack of time as barriers to influenza (flu) vaccine receipt. We hypothesized that "pop-up" clinics and live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) would facilitate delivery and align with preferences of college students. During the 2023-2024 flu season, undergraduate participants were recruited to receive LAIV at 5 "pop-up" clinics across a large midwestern campus.

Short communication: Upregulation of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Shc3 by downregulated miR-455-5p, suppresses trophoblast invasion and is associated with placental inflammation and angiogenesis in preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is characterized by insufficient invasion of extravillous trophoblasts and is a consequence of failed adaption of extravillous trophoblasts to changes in the intrauterine environment developing embryo. Specific miRNAs are implicated in the development of preeclampsia (PE). miR-455-5p is present at low levels in PE but its role is not known.

Cerebral blood flow and histological analysis for the accurate differentiation of infiltrating tumor and vasogenic edema in glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma is characterized by neovascularization and diffuse infiltration into the adjacent tissue. T2*-based dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion images provide useful measurements of the biomarkers associated with tumor perfusion. This study aimed to distinguish infiltrating tumors from vasogenic edema in glioblastomas using DSC-MR perfusion images.

High-throughput drug screening identifies SMAC mimetics as enhancers of NK cell cytotoxicity in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Natural killer (NK) cells have proven to be safe and effective immunotherapies, associated with favorable treatment responses in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Augmenting NK cell function with oncological drugs could improve NK cell-based immunotherapies. Here, we used a high-throughput drug screen consisting of over 500 small-molecule compounds to systematically evaluate the effects of oncological drugs on primary NK cells against CML cells.

Voices of Nanomedicine: Blueprint Guidelines for Collaboration in Addressing Global Unmet Medical Needs.

The "" under this Perspective underline the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and partnerships across several disciplines, such as medical science and technology, medicine, bioengineering, and computational approaches, in bridging the gap between research, manufacturing, and clinical applications. Effective communication is key to bridging team gaps, enhancing trust, and resolving conflicts, thereby fostering teamwork and individual growth toward shared goals. Drawing from the success of the COVID-19 vaccine development, we advocate the application of similar collaborative models in other complex health areas such as nanomedicine and biomedical engineering.

A Childhood Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With a Novel BRAFN486_T491delinsK Mutation: Good Response to Conventional Chemotherapy.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized genetically by diverse gene mutations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. BRAFN486_T491delinsK mutation is a rare mutation that involves the β2-αC ring domain, causing activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and is predicted to be resistant to the chemotherapy and BRAFV600E inhibitor in adult LCH cases. Here, we report a childhood LCH case with this novel BRAF mutation and had a good response to conventional chemotherapy.

Altering the intracellular trafficking of Necator americanus GST-1 antigen yields novel hookworm mRNA vaccine candidates.

Background: The antigen Na-GST-1, expressed by the hookworm Necator americanus, plays crucial biochemical roles in parasite survival. This study explores the development of mRNA vaccine candidates based on Na-GST-1, building on the success of recombinant Na-GST-1 (rNa-GST-1) protein, currently assessed as a subunit vaccine candidate, which has shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies.

Methodology/findings: By leveraging the flexible design of RNA vaccines and protein intracellular trafficking signal sequences, we developed three variants of Na-GST-1 as native (cytosolic), secretory, and plasma membrane-anchored (PM) antigens.

Insect-specific RNA viruses detection in Field-Caught Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Argentina using NGS technology.

Mosquitoes are the primary vectors of arthropod-borne pathogens. Aedes aegypti is one of the most widespread mosquito species worldwide, responsible for transmitting diseases such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya, among other medically significant viruses. Characterizing the array of viruses circulating in mosquitoes, particularly in Aedes aegypti, is a crucial tool for detecting and developing novel strategies to prevent arbovirus outbreaks.

Dengue severity by serotype and immune status in 19 years of pediatric clinical studies in Nicaragua.

Background: Dengue virus, a major global health threat, consists of four serotypes (DENV1-4) that cause a range of clinical manifestations from mild to severe and potentially fatal disease.

Methods: This study, based on 19 years of data from the Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study and Pediatric Dengue Hospital-based Study in Managua, Nicaragua, investigates the relationship of serotype and immune status with dengue severity. Dengue cases were confirmed by molecular, serological, and/or virological methods, and study participants 6 months to 17 years old were followed during their hospital stay or as ambulatory patients.

Evaluation of endothelialization of an occluder device with cardiac computed tomography and assessment of the pathological validation.

Background: Assessing the endothelialization of occlusive devices noninvasively remains a challenge. Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) can be employed to evaluate device endothelialization based on contrast uptake within the occluder.

Objective: This study examined device endothelialization using cardiac CTA and investigated the pathological associations.

Associations of resuscitation fluid load, colloid-to-crystalloid infusion ratio and clinical outcomes in children with dengue shock syndrome.

Background: Severe respiratory distress and acute kidney injury (AKI) are key factors leading to poor outcomes in patients with dengue shock syndrome (DSS). There is still limited data on how much resuscitated fluid and the specific ratios of intravenous fluid types contribute to the development of severe respiratory distress necessitating mechanical ventilation (MV) and AKI in children with DSS.

Methodology/principal Findings: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Vietnam between 2013 and 2022.