Evaluating the Quality of Real-World Data on Adherence to Oral Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients: How Real Is Real-World Data?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare estimates of adherence to oral endocrine therapy (OET) based on real-world data (RWD) and on clinical evaluation in people diagnosed with breast cancer in the public healthcare system in Catalonia (Spain).

Methods: We conducted two retrospective cohort studies. Cohort 1 (RWD) consisted of women diagnosed with breast cancer in 2021 in the public healthcare system of Catalonia (Spain).

Nurse management of minor problems in primary care emergencies: a non-randomized controlled trial.

Background: Health systems must implement strategies to adapt to the high demand in primary care caused by social changes. Since 2009, the Catalan Institute of Health has been expanding the Nurse Demand Management programme through which nursing autonomously addresses minor health problems. This study aims to analyse whether this programme is a factor in improving the efficiency and quality of care in a primary care emergency centre.

Outlining the Psychological Profile of Persistent Depression in Fibromyalgia Patients Through Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI).

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex condition marked by increased pain sensitivity and central sensitization. Studies often explore the link between FM and depressive anxiety disorders, but few focus on dysthymia or persistent depressive disorder (PDD), which can be more disabling than major depression (MD). To identify clinical scales and subscales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) that effectively describe and differentiate the psychological profile of PDD, with or without comorbid MD, in FM patients with PDD previously dimensionally classified by the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III).

Progressive systemic inflammation precedes decompensation in compensated cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: Systemic inflammation is a driver of decompensation in cirrhosis with unclear relevance in the compensated stage. We evaluated inflammation and bacterial translocation markers in compensated cirrhosis and their dynamics in relation to the first decompensation.

Methods: This study is nested within the PREDESCI trial, which investigated non-selective beta-blockers for preventing decompensation in compensated cirrhosis and clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH: hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥10 mmHg).

The Human Microglia Atlas (HuMicA) unravels changes in disease-associated microglia subsets across neurodegenerative conditions.

Dysregulated microglia activation, leading to neuroinflammation, is crucial in neurodegenerative disease development and progression. We constructed an atlas of human brain immune cells by integrating nineteen single-nucleus RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq datasets from multiple neurodegenerative conditions, comprising 241 samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Lewy body diseases, COVID-19, and healthy controls. The integrated Human Microglia Atlas (HuMicA) included 90,716 nuclei/cells and revealed nine populations distributed across all conditions.

Biome conservatism prevailed in repeated long-distance colonization of Madagascar's mountains by Helichrysum (Compositae, Gnaphalieae).

Colonization and diversification processes are responsible for the distinctiveness of island biotas, with Madagascar standing out as abiodiversity hotspot exceptionally rich in species and endemism. Regardless of its significance, the evolutionary history and diversification drivers of Madagascar's flora remain understudied. Here we focus on Helichrysum (Compositae, Gnaphalieae) to investigate the evolutionary and biogeographic origins of the Malagasy flora.

Pacing system analyzers to guide conduction system pacing implantation procedures: A comparison study of intracardiac and surface signals with an electrophysiology recording system.

Background: Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) needs confirmation of left conduction system capture assessed by testing of different electrical parameters. Guidelines recommend the use of an electrophysiology recording system (EP-RS) to guide conduction system pacing procedures. However, some experienced centers perform LBBAP procedures without an EP-RS.

An Optimized Method to Produce Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Limbal Stem Cells Easily Adaptable for Clinical Use.

In adults, the limbal stem cells (LSC) reside in the limbal region of the eye, at the junction of the cornea and the sclera where they renew the outer epithelial layer of the cornea assuring transparency. LSC deficiencies (LSCD) due to disease or injury account for one of the major causes of blindness. Among current treatments for LSCD, cornea transparency can be restored by providing new LSC to the damaged eye and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) holds great promise as a new advanced cell source.

Targeting protein-protein interactions in drug discovery: Modulators approved or in clinical trials for cancer treatment.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) form complex cellular networks fundamental to many key biological processes, including signal transduction, cell proliferation and DNA repair. In consequence, their perturbation is often associated with many human diseases. Targeting PPIs offers a promising approach in drug discovery and ongoing advancements in this field hold the potential to provide highly specific therapies for a wide range of complex diseases.

Dopamine dynamics in chronic pain: music-induced, sex-dependent, behavioral effects in mice.

Introduction: Chronic pain is a debilitating disease that is usually comorbid to anxiety and depression. Current treatment approaches mainly rely on analgesics but often neglect emotional aspects. Nonpharmacological interventions, such as listening to music, have been incorporated into clinics to provide a more comprehensive management of chronic pain.

Free-Ranging Wolves (Canis lupus) are Natural Reservoirs of Intestinal Microeukaryotes of Public Health Significance in Southwestern Europe.

Introduction: Intestinal microeukaryote parasites are major contributors to the burden of diarrhoea in humans and domestic animals, but their epidemiology in wildlife is not fully understood. We investigated the frequency, genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of protists of animal and public health significance in free-ranging grey wolf (Canis lupus) populations in south-western Europe.

Methods: Individually formed faecal samples collected from necropsied wolves or scat trails in Italy (n = 47), Portugal (n = 43) and Spain (n = 225) during the period 2011-2023 were retrospectively analysed using molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods.

Trends and Outcomes in Pituitary Apoplexy Management: A Spanish Observational Multicenter Study.

Background And Objective: Currently, the management for pituitary apoplexy (PA) has been promoted toward a more conservative approach, particularly for patients with low-grade PA scores. Our aim was to investigate trends in PA management and compare clinical presentation, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes before and after 2017, additionally to evaluate long-term outcomes in conservatively treated patients.

Methods: Spanish multicenter, retrospective study.

Status of the implementation of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice in Spain: from regional to national initiatives.

Introduction: Pharmacogenetics (PGx) has the potential to improve patient care, allowing to transform medical interventions by providing personalized therapeutic strategies. Scientific evidence supports the use of PGx in clinical practice and international organizations are developing clinical guidelines to facilitate the utilization of PGx testing. However, clinical implementation of PGx is limited and unequal worldwide.

Looking back to shape the future: Trajectories and resilience of social-ecological systems in the Global South.

In complex Social-Ecological Systems (SES), the interplay between ecological and social components shapes trajectories that impact human well-being and ecosystem services. While SES dynamics have been studied in static conditions, there has been less attention to how said systems respond to shocks and stressors over time and space. This special issue presents a collection of articles that use diverse methodologies-ranging from system dynamics modeling to participatory approaches-to analyze past SES changes and discuss future scenarios.

Neuregulin 4 Downregulation Alters Mitochondrial Morphology and Induces Oxidative Stress in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is an adipokine that belongs to the epidermal growth factor family and binds to ErbB4 tyrosine kinase receptors. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the downregulation of expression enhances inflammation and autophagy, resulting in insulin resistance. Here, we searched for the causes of this phenotype.

Phase IV adaptive randomised clinical trials evaluating efficacy and cost-efficacy of pre-emptive pharmacogenetic genotyping strategies in the Spanish National Health System: iPHARMGx Master Protocol and PREVESTATGx nested clinical trial.

Introduction: Genetic variations impact drug response, driving the need for personalised medicine through pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing. However, the adoption of pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing for commonly prescribed drugs, such as statins, outside of tertiary hospitals is limited due to a lack of pharmacoeconomic evidence to support widespread implementation by healthcare policy-makers. The Spanish Consortium for the Implementation of Pharmacogenetics (iPHARMGx Consortium) addresses this by developing a clinical trial master protocol that will govern multiple nested adaptive clinical trials that compare genotype-guided treatments to standard care in specific drug-gene-population triads, asses their cost-efficacy and identify novel biomarkers through advanced sequencing techniques.

Inherited kidney disease and CAKUT are common causes of kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy: an ERA Registry study.

Background: Inherited kidney diseases (IKD) and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are causes of kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT) that major renal registries usually amalgamate into the primary renal disease (PRD) category 'miscellaneous' or in the glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis categories. This makes IKDs invisible (except for polycystic kidney disease) and may negatively influence the use of genetic testing, which may identify a cause for IKDs and some CAKUT.

Methods: We have re-examined the etiology of KRT by composing a separate IKD and CAKUT PRD group using data from the European Renal Association (ERA) Registry.