Comparison of the amyloid plaque proteome in Down syndrome, early-onset Alzheimer's disease, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Down syndrome (DS) is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to APP overexpression, exhibiting Amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau pathology similar to early-onset (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD). We evaluated the Aβ plaque proteome of DS, EOAD, and LOAD using unbiased localized proteomics on post-mortem paraffin-embedded tissues from four cohorts (n = 20/group): DS (59.8 ± 4.

Inter-Rater Disagreements in Applying the Montreal Classification for Crohn's Disease: The Five-Nations Survey Study.

Background: The Montreal classification has been widely used in Crohn's disease since 2005 to categorize patients by the age of onset (A), disease location (L), behavior (B), and upper gastrointestinal tract and perianal involvement. With evolving management paradigms in Crohn's disease, we aimed to assess the performance of gastroenterologists in applying the Montreal classification.

Methods: An online survey was conducted among participants at an international educational conference on inflammatory bowel diseases.

Differences and contributors to global cognitive performance in the underrepresented Latinx Parkinson's disease population.

Despite significant progress in understanding the factors influencing cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD), there is a notable gap in data representation for the Latinx population. This study aims to evaluate the contributors to and disparities in cognitive performance among Latinx patients with PD. A retrospective analysis was conducted based on cross-sectional data encompassing demographic, environmental, motor, and non-motor disease characteristics from the Latin American Research Consortium on the Genetics of PD (LARGE-PD) and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohorts.

The effect between metabolic syndrome and life expectancy after cancer diagnosis: Catalan cohort study.

This study examines remaining life expectancy (RLE) after a cancer diagnosis, focusing on age, sex, cancer type, and metabolic syndrome (MS) components, using data from the SIDIAP database in Catalonia (2006-2017). RLE was analyzed for 13 cancer types, stratified by sex and MS components. The cohort study includes 183,364 individuals followed from diagnosis until death, transfer, or study end (December 2017).

Genomic reanalysis of a pan-European rare-disease resource yields new diagnoses.

Genetic diagnosis of rare diseases requires accurate identification and interpretation of genomic variants. Clinical and molecular scientists from 37 expert centers across Europe created the Solve-Rare Diseases Consortium (Solve-RD) resource, encompassing clinical, pedigree and genomic rare-disease data (94.5% exomes, 5.

Oxytocin levels in response to CRH administration in hypopituitarism and hypothalamic damage: a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.

Increasing evidence supports the presence of oxytocin deficiency (OXT-D) in patients with hypopituitarism and hypothalamic damage (HHD), that might be associated with neuropsychological deficits and sexual dysfunction, leading to worse quality of life (QoL). Therefore, identifying a provocative test to diagnose an OXT-D will be important. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a candidate for such a test as it increases oxytocin secretion in animal models.

Pig nasal and rectal microbiotas are involved in the antibody response to Glaesserella parasuis.

Vaccination stands as one of the most sustainable and promising strategies to control infectious diseases in animal production. Nevertheless, the causes for antibody response variation among individuals are poorly understood. The animal microbiota has been shown to be involved in the correct development and function of the host immunity, including the antibody response.

Microbial biogeography along a 2578 km transect on the East Antarctic Plateau.

Microorganisms are present in snow/ice of the Antarctic Plateau, but their biogeography and metabolic state under extreme local conditions are poorly understood. Here, we show the diversity and distribution of microorganisms in air (1.5 m height) and snow/ice down to 4 m depth at three distant latitudes along a 2578 km transect on the East Antarctic Plateau on board an environmentally friendly, mobile platform.

Quantitative pre-clinical imaging of hypoxia and vascularity using MRI and PET.

During hypoxia, tissues are subjected to an inadequate oxygen supply, disrupting the balance needed to maintain normal function. This deficiency can occur due to reduced oxygen delivery caused by impaired blood flow or a decline in the blood's ability to carry oxygen. In tumors, hypoxia and vascularization play crucial roles, shaping their microenvironments and influencing cancer progression, response to treatment and metastatic potential.

Biological testing unification for hemodialysis membranes evaluation: A step towards standardization.

Current hemodialysis treatments can cause adverse effects, many of which are linked to the membranes used in the process. These issues are being addressed through new materials and technologies, making it urgent to establish minimum guidelines for evaluating such membranes. This review proposes standardizing the biological tests and variables to evaluate the performance of new membranes, aiming to replicate hemodialysis conditions closely.

Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Immunoprophylaxis Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus-related Outcomes in Hospital Care Settings: A Seasonal Cohort Study of Infants in Catalonia (Spain).

Background: In Catalonia, infants <6 months old were eligible to receive nirsevimab, a novel monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We aimed to analyze nirsevimab's effectiveness in hospital-related outcomes of the seasonal cohort (born during the RSV epidemic from October to January 2024) and compared them with the catch-up cohort (born from April to September 2023).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all infants born between October 1, 2023, and January 21, 2024, according to their immunization with nirsevimab (immunized and nonimmunized).

A randomized trial comparing endovascular and surgical management of ruptured intracranial aneurysms excluded from previous trials.

Objective: Many patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIAs) underrepresented or excluded from previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing surgery with endovascular treatment (EVT) are still considered for surgical clipping, but the best management of these patients remains unknown.

Methods: The International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial-2 was a randomized trial comparing surgical versus EVT of RIAs considered for surgical clipping, despite the results of previous RCTs, and also eligible for EVT. The primary endpoint was death or dependency according to the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS score > 2) at 1 year.

Computational Insights into Membrane Disruption by Cell-Penetrating Peptides.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can translocate into cells without inducing cytotoxicity. The internalization process implies several steps at different time scales ranging from microseconds to minutes. We combine adaptive Steered Molecular Dynamics (aSMD) with conventional Molecular Dynamics (cMD) to observe nonequilibrium and equilibrium states to study the early mechanisms of peptide-bilayer interaction leading to CPPs internalization.

Sphingolipid long chain bases as mediators of cell death in olive fruit abscission.

Plant sphingolipids are lipophilic membrane components essential for different cellular functions but they also act as signaling molecules in various aspects of plant development. However, the interaction between plant sphingolipids and abscission remains largely uncharacterized. Here, the possible role of sphingolipids in regulating fruit abscission was examined in the abscission zone (AZ) of olive fruit.

Gender and sex differences in colorectal cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment.

Males have a higher incidence and mortality rate from colorectal cancer (CRC) compared with females. This review examines the reasons for these differences, including risk factors, screening participation, interpretation of screening tests, presentation and tumour types, pathophysiology (particularly the impact of sex hormones on tumour-related gene expression, microsatellite instability, micro-RNA expression, and the tumour microenvironment), and the efficacy and toxicity of treatment. Sex differences in hormones and body composition are responsible for some of the sexual dimorphism in CRC incidence and outcomes, particularly the pathophysiology, CRC presentation, the pharmacokinetics of cytotoxic therapies, and the impact of treatment on outcomes.

Mild acute biliary pancreatitis: still a surgical disease. A post-hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study.

Background: The current standard of care for mild acute biliary pancreatitis (MABP) involves early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) to reduce the risk of recurrence. The MANCTRA-1 project revealed a knowledge-to-action gap and higher recurrence rates in patients admitted to medical wards, attributable to fewer ELCs being performed. The project estimated a 35% to 70% probability of narrowing this gap by 2025.

Global collaborations to change the paradigm of oral health education and care: 2024 ADEA Annual Session Chair of the Board Symposium, Proceedings.

The 2024 ADEA Annual Session Chair of the Board Symposium titled, Global Collaborations to Change the Paradigm in Oral Health Education and Care, aimed to highlight innovative global education models in oral health. The symposium sought to identify and explore opportunities for collaboration with international partners to ensure sustainable healthcare education to improve the oral health workforce. Additionally, it focused on discovering and adapting innovative solutions and best practices to enhance access to oral health services worldwide.

Revisiting the neuroanatomy of Massetognathus pascuali (Eucynodontia: Cynognathia) from the early Late Triassic of South America using Neutron Tomography.

This paper analyzes the paleoneurology (cranial endocast and maxillary canal) of Massetognathus pascuali, an iconic non-mammaliaform cynodont from the early Late Triassic of South America, using Neutron Tomography. The application of neutron tomography holds the potential for uncovering more refined anatomical and quantitative data. The newly examined cranial endocast shows a forebrain with a tubular shape without an interhemispheric fissure, presence of a pineal body (with a closed parietal foramen), and a marked unossified zone.

Trends in the prevalence of obesity and estimation of the direct health costs attributable to child and adolescent obesity in Brazil from 2013 to 2022.

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a major global public health issue globally and in Brazil. The impacts of childhood obesity include higher risk of disease during childhood and of obesity and non-communicable diseases in adulthood and represent an important epidemiological and economic burden to countries. This study aims to analyze the trends and to estimate the direct healthcare costs of childhood and adolescent obesity to the National Health System from 2013 to 2022.

Pregnancy entails a U-shaped trajectory in human brain structure linked to hormones and maternal attachment.

Growing evidence places the gestational period as a unique moment of heightened neuroplasticity in adult life. In this longitudinal study spanning pre, during, and post pregnancy, we unveil a U-shaped trajectory in gray matter (GM) volume, which dips in late pregnancy and partially recovers during postpartum. These changes are most prominent in brain regions associated with the Default Mode and Frontoparietal Network.

The Human Microglia Atlas (HuMicA) unravels changes in disease-associated microglia subsets across neurodegenerative conditions.

Dysregulated microglia activation, leading to neuroinflammation, is crucial in neurodegenerative disease development and progression. We constructed an atlas of human brain immune cells by integrating nineteen single-nucleus RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq datasets from multiple neurodegenerative conditions, comprising 241 samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Lewy body diseases, COVID-19, and healthy controls. The integrated Human Microglia Atlas (HuMicA) included 90,716 nuclei/cells and revealed nine populations distributed across all conditions.

Effect of the Number of Vaccine Doses Before Starting Anti-CD20 Therapy on Seroprotection Rates Against Hepatitis B Virus in People With MS.

Background And Objectives: Hepatitis B vaccination (HBV) requires 6 months to complete and is recommended for patients with multiple sclerosis (PWMS), particularly those who are candidates for anti-CD20 therapy. However, limited data exist on HBV immunogenicity in PWMS receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and the impact of starting anti-CD20 therapy during immunization. We aimed to evaluate HBV immunogenicity in PWMS starting anti-CD20 therapy during vaccination, focusing on the number of doses received before anti-CD20 initiation.

Real-World Experience in Tricuspid Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair: Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair in Spain Registry.

Background: Significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The development of transcatheter valve repair therapies has opened a wide range of opportunities for treatment of patients with high surgical risk. Real-world data might improve patient selection and outcome.