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83,096 results match your criteria: "Autism"
J Neuroinflammation
March 2025
Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, State key laboratory of reproductive medicine and offspring health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a principal environmental risk factor contributing to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can be causally linked to ASD symptoms. In our study, we found that MIA triggered by poly (I: C) injection caused ventriculomegaly in offspring due to the dysfunction of the choroid plexus (Chp) and ependyma. We subsequently identified a sustained enhancement of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling in the brain and serum of MIA offspring.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Psychiatry
March 2025
CNR, Neuroscience Institute, Milano, Italy.
Mutations or deletions in the SHANK3 gene have been identified in up to 1% of autism spectrum disorder cases and are considered the primary cause of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Phelan McDermid syndrome (PMS). While synaptic dysfunctions have been extensively documented in the absence of Shank3, other mechanisms through which Shank3 may regulate neuronal functions remain unclear. In this study, we report that the ribosomal protein Rpl3 and overall protein synthesis are downregulated in the cortex and striatum of Shank3 knockout (KO) mice and in neurons differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from a PMS patient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEncephale
March 2025
Centre Ressource de Réhabilitation Psychosociale et de Remédiation Cognitive (CRR), Hôpital Le Vinatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) et Université de Lyon, Bron, France.
Objective: Neuropsychological tests measuring executive functions are useful for identifying specific cognitive disorders, but they have limits for characterizing executive dysfunction in everyday activities. This study aims to investigate the socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial features associated with executive functions in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar, and autism spectrum disorders using a Paper Multiple Errands Test.
Patients Or Materials And Methods: A total of 1071 adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 329 with bipolar spectrum disorder, and 254 with autism spectrum disorder were recruited from the French National Centers of Reference for Psychiatric Rehabilitation (REHABase) cohort between January 2016 and October 2022.
J Infect
March 2025
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Center for Population Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. Electronic address:
Objectives: The long-term risk of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders (PDs) after neonatal invasive group B Streptococcus disease (iGBS) and the modifying factors are poorly understood.
Methods: A population-based matched cohort study, including 1,548 infants with iGBS diagnosed during the first 3 months of life from 1997 through 2020 and follow-up until 2022, based on data from Danish national health and administrative registers. A general population comparison cohort of infants without iGBS was randomly sampled and matched 1:10 by sex, the child's birth year and month, and gestational age (n= 15,345).
Neuroscience
March 2025
Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate Center, New York, NY 10031, USA.
The Enteric Nervous System (ENS), often called the "second brain," is a complex network of neurons and glial cells within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It functions autonomously while maintaining close communication with the central nervous system (CNS) via the gut-brain axis (GBA). ENS dysfunction plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeural Netw
March 2025
National Engineering Research Center for E-Learning, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; School of Educational Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, China. Electronic address:
Deep learning for Electroencephalography (EEG) has become dominant in the tasks of discrimination and evaluation of brain disorders. However, despite its significant successes, this approach has long been facing challenges due to the limited availability of labeled samples and the individuality of subjects, particularly in complex scenarios such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). To facilitate the efficient optimization of EEG discrimination models in the face of these limitations, this study has developed a framework called STEM (Self-Training EEG Model).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRes Dev Disabil
March 2025
Spoken Communication Laboratory, Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Background: Human infants produce speech-like vocalizations ("volubility") at very high rates, 4-5 per minute during waking hours across the first year, far exceeding rates of our ape relatives.
Aims: We document volubility in 127 typically developing (TD) infants, 44 with autism (ASD), and 21 with non-autism developmental delay (DD) through longitudinal recordings and human coding.
Methods And Procedures: Families of 302 infants (110 not yet diagnosed or with other diagnoses) supplied 8.
Pediatr Neurol
February 2025
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. Electronic address:
Background: The burden of genetic causes of epilepsy is higher in infants and toddlers. Early diagnosis helps in precision therapy and prenatal diagnosis. The spectrum of genetic causes can vary depending on the location and prevalence of consanguinity practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetics
March 2025
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada M5T 1R8.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects nearly 3% of children and has a strong genetic component. While hundreds of ASD risk genes have been identified through sequencing studies, the genetic heterogeneity of ASD makes identifying additional risk genes using these methods challenging. To predict candidate ASD risk genes, we developed a simple machine learning model, ASiDentify (ASiD), using human genomic, RNA- and protein-based features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Autism Dev Disord
March 2025
Dept. of Psychology and Neuroscience, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43022, USA.
As autistic young adults increasingly enter into higher education, many are faced with difficult social adjustment (e.g., making friends, acquiring social support) in college (McLeod et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Autism Dev Disord
March 2025
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective cohort analysis was to investigate sex differences in receipt of standard of care sleep and constipation drug treatments among autistic children and youth with sleep disorder and constipation, respectively.
Methods: We used the data from the OneFlorida + Data Trust to analyze healthcare claims for 19,877 autistic patients with sleep disorder and 32,355 patients with constipation, ages 1 to 22. We used logistic regression to examine sex differences in receiving sleep and constipation treatments, and a multivariate logistic regression model to further assess sex differences in ever receiving sleep and constipation treatments, adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, and urbanicity.
Using games as part of the intervention and support process (sometimes referred to as 'gaming therapy') is an increasingly popular method of supporting autistic youth to develop social competencies and other skills because they are believed to be inherently motivating and fun for youth. Some emerging research has indicated that intervention programmes using games can be beneficial for autistic youth, but little is currently known about why, how and for whom they work. This study conducted a realist evaluation of a programme using the video game "Minecraft" for autistic youth, comprising interviews and observations with autistic youth ( = 4), facilitators ( = 2) and caregivers ( = 6).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrior research has shown conflicting findings on decision-making differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals. To address this issue, we applied the Ultimatum and Dictator Games to examine explicit measures (probability of endorsing monetary offers) and implicit measures (response times) associated with decision-making behaviors. By analyzing response times, we aimed to determine whether decisions were intuitive (rapid) or deliberative (slower) reasoning processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMost autistic adolescents experience anxiety. Interoception, defined as one's ability to detect and interpret bodily signals, might contribute to this. The aim of this exploratory, qualitative study was to gain a better understanding of interoceptive experiences in autistic adolescents and how this relates to anxiety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutism
March 2025
IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
Multisensory environment is a setting designed with activities and tools that offered sensory stimulation. Despite their widespread use, no evidence-based guidelines are currently available. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the impact of multisensory environment interventions in autism and to provide guidelines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Psychol
March 2025
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
This study aimed to determine the metaphors preschool and special education teachers developed about autism. In this study, the researchers used the phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research designs. While determining the study group of the research, the convenience sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Brain
March 2025
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
Neurexins are presynaptic plasma membrane proteins that regulate key aspects of synapse physiology through the formation of transcellular complexes with postsynaptic ligands, including neuroligins (Nlgns). Each neurexin gene (NRXN1-3) generates two main alternative-spliced transcripts that generate alpha and beta-Nrxn isoforms differing in their extracellular domains. Mutations in NRXN1 are associated with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurodev Disord
March 2025
Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Henry Wellcome Building, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, UK.
Background: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 is a genetic condition diagnosed in infancy that substantially increases the likelihood of a child experiencing cognitive and developmental difficulties, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Children with NF1 show clear differences in attention, but whether these differences emerge in early development and how they relate to broader difficulties with cognitive and learning skills is unclear. To address this question requires longitudinal prospective studies from infancy, where the relation between domains of visual attention (including exogenous and endogenous shifting) and cognitive development can be mapped over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Paediatr Open
March 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Background: Children with communication impairments-such as autism spectrum disorder or global developmental delay-face significant challenges affecting their emotional and behavioural development. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is an augmentative communication tool designed to enhance their skills. However, its effectiveness can vary in resource-limited settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Psychiatry
March 2025
Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
Background: Caregivers of autistic children experience particularly poor levels of mental health and increased caregiving complexities. Proactive post-diagnostic family support is recommended but is inconsistently implemented, largely not evidence based, and does not directly address caregiver mental health. This study aimed to test the clinical effectiveness of the Empower-Autism programme plus treatment as usual versus the usual local post-diagnostic psychoeducation offer plus treatment as usual on caregiver mental health at the 52-week follow-up.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Sci Med
March 2025
Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. Electronic address:
Developmental disabilities are a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by impairments in physical functioning, learning, language, behavior, and self-care (Zablotsky et al., 2019). Parenting a child with a developmental disability can be a profound source of stress, particularly for mothers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
March 2025
Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA.
Social behaviors are crucial for human connection and belonging, often impacted by conditions like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The mesoaccumbens pathway (ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbense (NAc)) plays a pivotal role in social behavior and is implicated in ASD. However, the impact of ASD-related mutations on social reward processing remains insufficiently explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChild Care Health Dev
March 2025
Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Background: Little is known about changes in child well-being and family quality of life (QoL) among children seeking emergency department care because of mental health concerns over the course of the pandemic.
Methods: Prospective cohort study of children < 18 who visited two paediatric EDs in Alberta, Canada, for an acute mental health concern. Early and late pandemic time periods were defined as 15 March 2020-14 March 2021 and 1 July 2021-30 June 2022, respectively.
Genet Mol Biol
February 2025
Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
Rare heterozygous variants in IRF6 (interferon regulatory factor-6) gene cause van der Woude syndrome 1 (VWS1) or Popliteal Pterygium syndrome, two forms of syndromic cleft lip/palate (CLP) that present with a variety of congenital malformations due to impairment ectodermal homeostasis. These malformations include, in addition to CLP, lip pits, pterygia, and intraoral and eyelid fibrous bands. Amniotic band sequence (ABS) is a rare condition of unknown genetic etiology that involves a range of congenital anomalies caused by the entanglement of fibrous bands, which disrupt fetal body parts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutism Res
March 2025
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Mannerisms describe repetitive or unconventional body movements like arm flapping. These movements are early markers of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, assessing mannerisms reliably is challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF