Publication and accessibility of results of controlled trials in dairy science.

Research allows for the discovery of new knowledge and is integral to evidence-based decision-making. However, research is only useful if it is available. The aim of this study was to explore publication and accessibility of full-text reports for controlled trials (experimental studies) conducted in dairy cattle.

Research trends and hotspots of aquatic biofilms in freshwater environment during the last three decades: a critical review and bibliometric analysis.

Freshwater periphytic biofilms (FPBs), existing widely in various aquatic environments, have attracted extensive attention for many years. In the present study, a bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was used to understand the research progress, trends, and hot topics of FPBs qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that publications on FPBs have increased from 1991 to 2020 rapidly, and researchers have focused more on the areas of environmental sciences, microbiology, and marine freshwater biology.

Thoracic spinal arteriovenous malformation in a 16-year-old presenting with headache.

Spinal arteriovenous malformations (sAVM) are abnormally developed spinal blood vessels with an increased risk of hemorrhage. Current literature regarding sAVMs is sparse and describes classic presentations in very young children or adults. We report a unique case of a sAVM in an adolescent patient.

Ruxolitinib suppresses liver fibrosis progression and accelerates fibrosis reversal via selectively targeting Janus kinase 1/2.

Background: JAK1 and JAK2 have been implicated in fibrosis and cancer as a fibroblast-related marker; however, their role in liver fibrosis has not been elucidated. Here, we aim to determine the effect and underlying mechanism of JAK1/2 inhibition on liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and further explore the therapeutic efficacy of Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 selective inhibitor, on preventing and reversing liver fibrosis in mice.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining of JAK1 and JAK2 were performed on liver tissue in mice with hepatic fibrosis and human liver tissue microarray of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

The Burden of Critical Illness in Hospitalized Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The majority of childhood deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many of these deaths are avoidable with basic critical care interventions. Quantifying the burden of pediatric critical illness in LMICs is essential for targeting interventions to reduce childhood mortality.

Deferoxamine Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Chondrocyte Ferroptosis and Activating the Nrf2 Pathway.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease with a complex pathology including mechanical load, inflammation, and metabolic factors. Chondrocyte ferroptosis contributes to OA progression. Because iron deposition is a major pathological event in ferroptosis, deferoxamine (DFO), an effective iron chelator, has been used to inhibit ferroptosis in various degenerative disease models.

Chemical Biology Screening Identifies a Vulnerability to Checkpoint Kinase Inhibitors in TSC2-Deficient Renal Angiomyolipomas.

The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic syndrome and multisystem disease resulting in tumor formation in major organs. A molecular hallmark of TSC is a dysregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) through loss-of-function mutations in either tumor suppressor or . Here, we sought to identify drug vulnerabilities conferred by TSC2 tumor-suppressor loss through cell-based chemical biology screening.

Perceptions of Emergency Care by Sexual and Gender Minorities in Colorado: Barriers, Quality, and Factors Affecting Identity Disclosure.

Introduction: Expanding on data concerning emergency department (ED) use and avoidance by the sexual minority (those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, other [LGTBQ+]) and gender minority (those who identify as transgender, gender nonconforming, other) community may inform future ED LGTBQ+ training and clinical practice. Investigation objectives included characterizing rates of emergency care avoidance, identifying barriers to emergency care, and assessing emergency care quality and cultural competency for sexual and gender minorities.

Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional needs assessment, sexual minority, gender minority, and/or cisgender heterosexual-identified participants were selected based on participants' subscription to newsletters or social media accounts for One Colorado, an LGBTQ+ advocacy organization.

Chronic Health Crises and Emergency Medicine in War-torn Yemen, Exacerbated by the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: Much of Yemen's infrastructure and healthcare system has been destroyed by the ongoing civil war that began in late 2014. This has created a dire situation that has led to food insecurity, water shortages, uncontrolled outbreaks of infectious disease and further failings within the healthcare system. This has greatly impacted the practice of emergency medicine (EM), and is now compounded by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic.

Development and Implementation of a Coordinated Community Response to Address Elder Abuse and Neglect.

Background: Elder abuse, neglect, and financial exploitation impacts over five million community-dwelling older adults in the United States. Although services are available to help these victims, they are often fragmented within communities with service providers having limited means to provide preventative services. The coordinated community response (CCR) is a type of coalition intended to overcome siloed services through a single-point-of-entry system and more team-based approaches to prevention.

Improving Access to Postassault Healthcare for College Students: Creating a Campus-Based Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Program.

National prevalence data indicate that college students are at a high risk for sexual assault, but most institutions of higher education do not provide postassault medical forensic examinations as part of student-facing healthcare services. College sexual assault patients might have access to sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) in local hospitals, if they are available where they are attending school, but unfortunately, many student victims do not have options for postassault health services. Creating campus-based SANE programs could address this gap in services and increase access to healthcare.

The Role of Disease Severity and Demographics in the Clinical Course of COVID-19 Patients Treated With Convalescent Plasma.

Treatment of patients with COVID-19 using convalescent plasma from recently recovered patients has been shown to be safe, but the time course of change in clinical status following plasma transfusion in relation to baseline disease severity has not yet been described. We analyzed short, descriptive daily reports of patient status in 7,180 hospitalized recipients of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in the Mayo Clinic Expanded Access Program. We assessed, from the day following transfusion, whether the patient was categorized by his or her physician as better, worse or unchanged compared to the day before, and whether, on the reporting day, the patient received mechanical ventilation, was in the ICU, had died or had been discharged.

Long-term avelumab in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: summaries and analyses from JAVELIN Solid Tumor.

This study examined patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who received long-term avelumab (anti-PD-L1) in a large phase Ib trial (JAVELIN Solid Tumor). Patients receiving >2 years of avelumab were reviewed and exploratory descriptive analyses were conducted. Individuals with varying baseline characteristics who had received up to 6 years of avelumab were reviewed.

The Social Life of Pigs: Changes in Affiliative and Agonistic Behaviors following Mixing.

This study investigated potentially affiliative behaviors in grow-finish pigs, how these behaviors changed over time and their relationship to agonistic behaviors. A total of 257 Yorkshire barrows were observed for agonistic (reciprocal fights, attacks) and affiliative (nosing, play, non-agonistic contact) behaviors after mixing (at 10 weeks of age), and weeks 3, 6, and 9 after mix. The least square means of affiliative behaviors were compared across time points.

Introduction: Health, Well-Being, and Ability in Archaeology.

This thematic volume explores how health, well-being, and ability are constructed in the past and in the present. The volume's authors undo and question deeply ingrained assumptions about what constitutes a "normative" body. They do so by not only looking at how bodies have been medicalized and envisioned in the past, but also how our own profession and discipline discriminates against certain types of bodies in the present.

Mechanisms of cellular and humoral immunity through the lens of VLP-based vaccines.

Introduction: Vaccination can be effective defense against many infectious agents and the corresponding diseases. Discoveries elucidating the mechanisms of the immune system have given hopes to developing vaccines against diseases recalcitrant to current treatment/prevention strategies. One such finding is the ability of immunogenic biological nanoparticles to powerfully boost the immunogenicity of poorer antigens conjugated to them with virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines as a key example.

Self-Reported Sleep and Executive Function in Early Primary School Children.

The study investigated the associations between children's self-reported habitual sleep disturbance and multidimensional executive function (EF). Two hundred and four 7-9-year-old typically developing children completed the Sleep Self-Report and finished the Red-Blue Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Backward Digit Span Test, indexing different EF components including inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Results revealed that all the three EF components were significantly correlated with sleep.

Optimization and validation of two multiplex qPCR assays for the rapid detection of microorganisms commonly invading the amniotic cavity.

Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) leading to infection is strongly associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Limitations of current diagnostic assays to detect MIAC rapidly and accurately have hindered the ability of obstetricians to identify and treat intra-amniotic infections. We developed, optimized, and validated two multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays for the simultaneous detection and quantification of microbial taxa commonly associated with MIAC.

Engaging Patients in Research That Involves Meditation: Religious Concerns and Nursing Implications.

Background: Studies evaluating the use of meditative practices for supporting symptom management among patients undergoing cancer treatment have increased substantially in recent years. Although meditative practices as adjuncts to promoting health have become mainstream, concerns that such strategies conflict with traditional religious tenets have co-occurred. In the context of a 12-week sequential multiple assignment randomized trial of home-based meditative practices and reflexology delivered to patients with cancer by or with family caregivers to manage symptoms, early attrition was identified in the meditative practices arm.

The induction of pyrenoid synthesis by hyperoxia and its implications for the natural diversity of photosynthetic responses in .

In algae, it is well established that the pyrenoid, a component of the carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM), is essential for efficient photosynthesis at low CO. However, the signal that triggers the formation of the pyrenoid has remained elusive. Here, we show that, in , the pyrenoid is strongly induced by hyperoxia, even at high CO or bicarbonate levels.

Factors Associated with Compliance to the Hospital Price Transparency Final Rule: a National Landscape Study.

Background: The Hospital Price Transparency Final Rule, effective January 1, 2021, requires hospitals to post online a machine-readable file that includes payer-specific negotiated commercial prices for all services. The regulation aims to improve the affordability of hospital care by promoting price competition. However, a low compliance level among hospitals would compromise the operational effectiveness of this regulation.

Artificial intelligence: A powerful paradigm for scientific research.

Artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with promising machine learning (ML) techniques well known from computer science is broadly affecting many aspects of various fields including science and technology, industry, and even our day-to-day life. The ML techniques have been developed to analyze high-throughput data with a view to obtaining useful insights, categorizing, predicting, and making evidence-based decisions in novel ways, which will promote the growth of novel applications and fuel the sustainable booming of AI. This paper undertakes a comprehensive survey on the development and application of AI in different aspects of fundamental sciences, including information science, mathematics, medical science, materials science, geoscience, life science, physics, and chemistry.

Representation and participation across 20 years of plant genome sequencing.

The field of plant genome sequencing has grown rapidly in the past 20 years, leading to increases in the quantity and quality of publicly available genomic resources. The growing wealth of genomic data from an increasingly diverse set of taxa provides unprecedented potential to better understand the genome biology and evolution of land plants. Here we provide a contemporary view of land plant genomics, including analyses on assembly quality, taxonomic distribution of sequenced species and national participation.