Plasma effects on bacterial time-kill dynamics; insights from a PKPD modelling analysis.

In vitro time-kill curve (TKC) experiments are an important part of the pharmacokinetic- pharmacodynamic (PKPD) characterisation of antibiotics. Traditional TKCs use Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), which lacks specific plasma components that could potentially influence the bacterial growth and killing dynamics, and affect translation to in vivo. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of plasma on the PKPD characterisation of two antibiotics; cefazolin and clindamycin.

Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in the Czech Republic.

Introduction: Lyme borreliosis (LB), an infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe. To further characterize the LB burden in the Czech Republic, we conducted a seroprevalence study and estimated the incidence of symptomatic Bbsl infections.

Methods: Anti-Bbsl IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in sera collected from the adult population in 2011 -2012 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot tests at the National Reference Laboratory.

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates.

The scales of the gold-dust weevil are green because of three-dimensional diamond-type chitin-air photonic crystals with an average periodicity of about 430 nm and a chitin fill fraction of about 0.44. A single scale usually contains one to three crystallites with different lattice orientations.

Paired nerve stimulation with selective compensation effect.

Background: In this study we investigate the selective compensation of paired peripheral nerves in healthy humans, focusing on distinct axonal conduction velocities in different fibre types. Using paired associative stimulation (PAS) with adjustable parameters, we aimed to modulate and compensate for neuronal activity along the median nerve.

Methods: Six healthy volunteers (3 male, 3 female, aged: 22-49) participated in the current study.

A new species of (Crustacea, Mysida) from the Canary and Cape Verde archipelagos.

Background: Within the subfamily Leptomysinae (fam. Mysidae), the tribe Mysidopsini has five here acknowledged genera and 74 extant species. It embraces the genera with six species from the coasts of the NW-Atlantic (Narragansett Bay to Florida), the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico; with two species from the SW-Atlantic off Brazilian shores and from the Pacific coast of Ecuador; with three species from the Caribbean, Gulf of California and southern California; with ten species from the Atlantic coasts of the USA to Brazil, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and E-Pacific from California to Panama; and, finally, the globally occurring .

Health behaviours and mobile intervention use in patients recruited from general practitioners' practices in rural Bavaria.

Individuals living in rural areas report poorer health outcomes, including obesity, compared to individuals living in urban areas. Amongst others, this is due to restricted access to opportunities for healthy eating and physical activity. Interventions are urgently needed to address this gap.

A little more conversation, a little more action, please: the carbon footprint of travelling to conferences of the European Health Psychology Society.

Introduction: The environmental impact of on-site conferences, with air travel as the primary contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, has prompted a surge in research in recent years. The objective of this report is to raise awareness and stimulate transformation in the organisation of meetings of the European Health Psychology Society (EHPS).

Methods: We conducted estimations of travel-related COeq emissions of EHPS conferences in 2019, 2022, and 2023, and performed projections for 2024 and 2025.

Skiing quality analysis of recreational skiers based on IMU data and self-assessment.

Alpine skiing is a popular sport in many countries and holds benefits in terms of health and well-being. At the same time alpine skiing is associated with a certain risk of accidents caused, among other things, by overestimating one's own skiing skills. Self-assessment of skiing skills is not trivial.

Absolute standard hydrogen electrode potential and redox potentials of atoms and molecules: machine learning aided first principles calculations.

Constructing a self-consistent first-principles framework that accurately predicts the properties of electron transfer reactions through finite-temperature molecular dynamics simulations is a dream of theoretical electrochemists and physical chemists. Yet, predicting even the absolute standard hydrogen electrode potential, the most fundamental reference for electrode potentials, proves to be extremely challenging. Here, we show that a hybrid functional incorporating 25% exact exchange enables quantitative predictions when statistically accurate phase-space sampling is achieved thermodynamic integrations and thermodynamic perturbation theory calculations, utilizing machine-learned force fields and Δ-machine learning models.

Who will benefit from vorasidenib? Review of data from the literature and open questions.

The clinical efficacy of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors in the treatment of patients with grade 2 IDH-mutant (mIDH) gliomas is a significant therapeutic advancement in neuro-oncology. It expands treatment options beyond traditional radiation therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, which may lead to significant long-term neurotoxic effects while extending patient survival. The INDIGO study demonstrated that vorasidenib, a pan-mIDH inhibitor, improved progression-free survival for patients with grade 2 mIDH gliomas following surgical resection or biopsy compared to placebo and was well tolerated.

How do I prescribe and manage mIDH inhibitors in patients with IDH-mutant glioma?

Recent interest has been in using mIDH inhibitors in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas. This review paper summarizes the indications, side effects, recommended dosing, and management for patients on ivosidenib and vorasidenib.

Sedation Practices in Mechanically Ventilated Neurocritical Care Patients from 19 Countries: An International Cohort Study.

Background: Our objective was to characterize the impact of common initial sedation practices on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) duration and in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute brain injury (ABI) and to elucidate variations in practices between high-income and middle-income countries.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective observational data registry of neurocritically ill patients requiring IMV. The setting included 73 intensive care units (ICUs) in 18 countries, with a total of 1,450 patients with ABI requiring IMV.

MicroRNA-199a-5p may be a diagnostic biomarker of primary ITP.

There is no diagnostic test for primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Certain microRNAs have shown to have diagnostic potential in ITP. We validated 12 microRNAs identified from two previous studies to find a diagnostic biomarker.

Maintenance therapy with a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor after cangrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The ELECTRA-SIRIO 2 investigators' viewpoint.

According to the ESC guidelines, cangrelor may be considered in P2Y12-inhibitor-naïve acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this review is to summarize available evidence on the optimal maintenance therapy with P2Y12 receptor inhibitor after cangrelor. Transitioning from cangrelor to a thienopyridine, but not ticagrelor, can be associated with a drug-drug interaction (DDI); therefore, a ticagrelor loading dose (LD) can be given any time before, during, or at the end of a cangrelor infusion, while a LD of clopidogrel or prasugrel should be administered at the time the infusion of cangrelor ends or within 30 minutes before the end of infusion in the case of a LD of prasugrel.

Targeted delivery of cytotoxic proteins lipid-based nanoparticles to primary Langerhans cells.

Targeted delivery has emerged as a critical strategy in the development of novel therapeutics. The advancement of nanomedicine hinges on the safe and precise cell-specific delivery of protein-based therapeutics to the immune system. However, major challenges remain, such as developing an efficient delivery system, ensuring specificity, minimizing off-target effects, and attaining effective intracellular localization.

Extended clinical phenotypes and treatment modalities in 32 JAGN1-deficient patients. A multicenter study by EBMT IEWP.

JAGN1 (Jagunal-homolog1) is a ER-resident transmembrane protein which is part of the early secretory pathway and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor mediated signaling. Autosomal recessively inherited variants in the JAGN1 gene lead to congenital neutropenia, early-onset bacterial infections, aphthosis and skin abscesses due to aberrant differentiation and maturation of neutrophils. In addition, bone metabolism disorders and a syndromic phenotype, including facial features, short stature and neurodevelopmental delay, have been reported in affected patients.

High Content Image Analysis of Cellular Responses of the Murine J774A.1 Cell Line and Primary Human Cells Alveolar Macrophages to an Extended Panel of Pharmaceutical Agents.

Introduction: In vitro screening of macrophages for drug-induced effects, such as phospholipidosis, is useful for detecting potentially problematic compounds in the preclinical development of oral inhaled products. High-content image analysis (HCIA) is a multi-parameter approach for cytotoxicity screening. This study provides new insights into HCIA-derived response patterns of murine J774A.

Persistence of Ancestral KhoeSan Mitochondrial Patterns in Contemporary South African Populations.

Introduction: Southern Africa has been inhabited by hunter-gatherers for at least 20,000 years and has received diverse immigration flows in the last 2000 years. The original inhabitants have interacted with the pastoralist migrants from Eastern Africa (∼2000 ybp), followed by the southern Bantu migration arriving some 1000 ybp, and more recently with the European and Asian settlers after the 17th century. Many of the original Khoekhoe and San inhabitants have either become extinct or have disappeared through admixture in South Africa (SA), in a sex-biased manner involving KhoeSan women.

Circulatory microRNAs in acute coronary syndrome: An update.

Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs, which play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque formation, development, and stability. Plaque destabilization and rupture lead to acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Previous studies have implicated several different miRs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Identification, classification, and documentation of drug related problems in community pharmacy practice in Europe: a scoping review.

Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are significant issues in healthcare contributing to adverse health outcomes and increased healthcare costs. While community pharmacists play a pivotal role in identifying, classifying, and documenting DRPs, there is a need to map approaches undertaken.

Aim: The aim of this scoping review was to examine the approaches to identifying, classifying, and documenting DRPs in community pharmacies in Europe, and their associated barriers and facilitators.

Water-soluble platinum and palladium porphyrins with peripheral ethyl phosphonic acid substituents: synthesis, aggregation in solution, and photocatalytic properties.

Water-soluble porphyrins have garnered significant attention due to their broad range of applications in biomedicine, catalysis, and material chemistry. In this work, water-soluble platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes with porphyrins bearing ethyl phosphonate substituents, namely, Pt/Pd 10-(ethoxyhydroxyphosphoryl)-5,15-di(-carboxyphenyl)porphyrins (M3m, M = Pt(II), Pd(II)) and Pt/Pd 5,10-bis(ethoxyhydroxyphosphoryl)-10,20-diarylporphyrins (M1d-M3d; aryl = -tolyl (1), mesityl (2), -carboxyphenyl (3)), were synthesized by alkaline hydrolysis of the corresponding diethyl phosphonates M6m and M4d-M6d. NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the mono-phosphonates M3m tend to form aggregates in aqueous media, while the bis-phosphonates M3d exist predominantly as monomeric species across a wide range of concentrations (10-10 M), ionic strengths (0-0.