Data solidarity: Operationalising public value through a digital tool.

Most data governance frameworks are designed to protect the individuals from whom data originates. However, the impacts of digital practices extend to a broader population and are embedded in significant power asymmetries within and across nations. Further, inequities in digital societies impact everyone, not just those directly involved.

Treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain.

Introduction: The treatment landscape of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) has evolved with the emergence of programmed cell death protein 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) inhibitors. This study assessed mUC treatment patterns in Europe.

Methods: Data were derived from the Adelphi mUC Disease Specific Programme™ (November 2020 to April 2021), a large, cross-sectional, patient record-based survey of physicians in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Domain-Specific Prediction of Clinical Progression in Parkinson's Disease Using the Mosaic Approach.

Purpose: Due to the highly individualized clinical manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD), personalized patient care may require domain-specific assessment of neurological disability. Evidence from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies has proposed that heterogenous clinical manifestation corresponds to heterogeneous cortical disease burden, suggesting customized, high-resolution assessment of cortical pathology as a candidate biomarker for domain-specific assessment.

Method: Herein, we investigate the potential of the recently proposed Mosaic Approach (MAP), a normative framework for quantifying individual cortical disease burden with respect to a population-representative cohort, in predicting domain-specific clinical progression.

An eco-physiological model of forest photosynthesis and transpiration under combined nitrogen and water limitation.

Although the separate effects of water and nitrogen (N) limitations on forest growth are well known, the question of how to predict their combined effects remains a challenge for modeling of climate change impacts on forests. Here, we address this challenge by developing a new eco-physiological model that accounts for plasticity in stomatal conductance and leaf N concentration. Based on optimality principle, our model determines stomatal conductance and leaf N concentration by balancing carbon uptake maximization, hydraulic risk and cost of maintaining photosynthetic capacity.

Pacific Proving Grounds-Derived U and U: Potential Tracers for Western North Pacific Ocean Dynamics.

U and U are proven to be useful tracers to investigate upper-ocean hydrodynamics due to their source-specific isotopic ratios and conservative behaviors in the open ocean. However, their application in the Pacific Ocean has been limited by scarce observations and unclear source-term information. Here, we present our observations of U and U in the western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPStG), showing the presence of a source of anthropogenic U featured by a low U/U ratio (∼1 × 10), which is an order of magnitude lower than the global fallout signature (∼2 × 10).

The effects of regular exercise on cognitive and cardiometabolic health in testicular cancer survivors subjected to platinum-based chemotherapy.

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy provides curative treatment to more than 95% of patients with testicular germ cell tumor but it has negative cardiometabolic and neurological effects. Regular exercise can alleviate late chemotherapy-related toxicities. We examined the impact of a 6-month supervised aerobic-strength training on cognitive and cardiometabolic health and residual level of platinum in cancer survivors.

Abaloparatide Enhances Bone Regeneration in Extraction Socket Dental Implant Defects: An Experimental In Vivo Study.

Objective: Abaloparatide (ABL) is a synthetic parathyroid hormone-related protein analog developed as an anabolic drug to treat osteoporosis. ABL increases bone mineral density (BMD) of the long bones and spine; however, the influence of ABL on alveolar bone regeneration remains unknown. This study assessed the effects of systemic ABL administration on tooth extraction socket healing and dental implant osseointegration in a preclinical rodent model.

A Delphi study on health literacy competencies for health professionals.

Background: Health professionals play a key role in promoting health literacy, as they continue to be one of the main points of contact and most trusted source of information for healthcare users on questions and concerns regarding health and disease. To adequately support individuals in dealing with health information and services and to strengthen health literacy, health professionals need a corresponding set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, hence they need a wide range of health literacy competencies. Despite their crucial role in guiding and supporting patients and their relatives in terms of health-related information and services, in-depth studies on health literacy competencies of health professionals are still scarce.

Suture button systems for coronoid fracture fixation: a biomechanical time-zero pilot study.

Purpose: This study aims to describe a fixation technique for coronoid fractures using suture buttons, and to biomechanically evaluate this technique in comparison to screw fixation as a time-zero pilot study.

Methods: An O'Driscoll type 2 anteromedial coronoid facet (AMCF) fracture was simulated in 20 fresh-frozen human elbows. The specimens were randomized into two groups and fracture fixation was performed with either a suture button system or a 3.

Neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome associated with ABCA3 gene mutation and mycoplasma infection: a case report.

Preterm infants are at high risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Mutations in the genes encoding for surfactant proteins B and C or the ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3) are rare but known to be associated with severe RDS and interstitial lung diseases. The exact prevalence of these mutations in the general population is difficult to determine, as they are usually studied in connection with clinical symptoms.

Non-Caucasian Race/Ethnicity Predisposes to Unfavorable Stage and Grade at Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis.

Objective: To test whether race/ethnicity affects stage or grade distribution at upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) diagnosis.

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database 2004-2020, UTUC patients were identified. Multivariable logistic regression models tested for the association between race/ethnicity and stage as well as grade at diagnosis according to renal pelvis vs.

Overlooked and underpowered: a meta-research addressing sample size in radiomics prediction models for binary outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate how studies determine the sample size when developing radiomics prediction models for binary outcomes, and whether the sample size meets the estimates obtained by using established criteria.

Methods: We identified radiomics studies that were published from 01 January 2023 to 31 December 2023 in seven leading peer-reviewed radiological journals. We reviewed the sample size justification methods, and actual sample size used.

Prospective validation of ORACLE, a clonal expression biomarker associated with survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Human tumors are diverse in their natural history and response to treatment, which in part results from genetic and transcriptomic heterogeneity. In clinical practice, single-site needle biopsies are used to sample this diversity, but cancer biomarkers may be confounded by spatiogenomic heterogeneity within individual tumors. Here we investigate clonally expressed genes as a solution to the sampling bias problem by analyzing multiregion whole-exome and RNA sequencing data for 450 tumor regions from 184 patients with lung adenocarcinoma in the TRACERx study.

Homoarginine concentrations correlate with early depressive symptoms and the reduction in physical functioning within the first days after myocardial infarction.

Early depressive symptoms within the first days after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are mainly manifested with performance parameters (lack of energy, concentration difficulties, reduction in physical functioning). Homoarginine (hArg), a non-proteinogenic amino acid, might increase the availability of nitric oxide (NO). NO controls vasodilatation, blood flow, mitochondrial respiration and improves performance.

A dataset of structural breaks in greenhouse gas emissions for climate policy evaluation.

The quantitative assessment of policies aimed at climate change mitigation requires rigorously identifying abnormal changes in greenhouse gas emissions. We present a new dataset of robust level changes in greenhouse gas emissions that cannot be explained by aggregate socioeconomic fluctuations. Modern methods of structural break identification based on two-way fixed effects models are employed to estimate the size of significant level changes in emissions.

Double trouble: two retrotransposons triggered a cascade of invasions in Drosophila species within the last 50 years.

Horizontal transfer of genetic material in eukaryotes has rarely been documented over short evolutionary timescales. Here, we show that two retrotransposons, Shellder and Spoink, invaded the genomes of multiple species of the melanogaster subgroup within the last 50 years. Through horizontal transfer, Spoink spread in D.

Hyperedge overlap drives explosive transitions in systems with higher-order interactions.

Recent studies have shown that novel collective behaviors emerge in complex systems due to the presence of higher-order interactions. However, how the collective behavior of a system is influenced by the microscopic organization of its higher-order interactions is not fully understood. In this work, we introduce a way to quantify the overlap among the hyperedges of a higher-order network, and we show that real-world systems exhibit different levels of intra-order hyperedge overlap.

Deep learning model to identify and validate hypotension endotypes in surgical and critically ill patients.

Background: Hypotension is associated with organ injury and death in surgical and critically ill patients. In clinical practice, treating hypotension remains challenging because it can be caused by various underlying haemodynamic alterations. We aimed to identify and independently validate endotypes of hypotension in big datasets of surgical and critically ill patients using unsupervised deep learning.

Impact of anastomotic leak vs pneumonia on failure to rescue after transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer.

Background: Data about failure to rescue (FTR) after esophagectomy for cancer and its association with patient and procedure-related risk factors are limited. This study aimed to analyze such aspects, particularly focusing on the effect of pneumonia and anastomotic leak on FTR.

Methods: Patients who underwent an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for cancer between 2008 and 2022 in 2 tertiary European centers were prospectively identified.

Modular comparison of untargeted metabolomics processing steps.

Background: Untargeted metabolomics requires robust and reliable strategies for data processing to extract relevant information form the underlying raw data. Multiple platforms for data processing are available, but the choice of software tool can have an impact on the analysis. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of four workflows based on commonly used metabolomics software tools: XCMS, Compound Discoverer, MS-DIAL, and MZmine.