Nutrition in the critically ill in resource-limited settings/low- and middle-income countries.

Purpose Of Review: To share current concepts and provide an overview of the contextual issues and nutrition practices in critically ill patients in resource-limited settings (RLSs)/low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most of the world's population reside in these settings which also carries the greatest burden of critical illness.

Recent Findings: There is a paucity of evidence on nutrition practice in critically ill patients in RLSs and international guidelines are largely based on evidence derived from high-income countries (HICs).

Validation of the PANAMA-Score for Survival and Benefit of Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with Resected Pancreatic Cancer After Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX.

Aim: To validate the prognostic value of the PAncreatic NeoAdjuvant MAssachusetts (PANAMA)-score and to determine its predictive ability for survival benefit derived from adjuvant treatment in patients after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX.

Background: The PANAMA-score was developed to guide prognostication in patients after neoadjuvant therapy and resection for PDAC. As this score focuses on the risk for residual disease after resection, it might also be able to select patients who benefit from adjuvant after neoadjuvant therapy.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions, and Practices Related to Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Among Indian Radiologists and Residents: A Multicenter Nationwide Study.

Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing medical science, with significant implications for radiology. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, perspectives, and practices of medical professionals and residents related to AI's role in radiology is crucial for effective integration. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among members of the Indian Radiology & Imaging Association (IRIA), targeting practicing radiologists and residents across academic and non-academic institutions.

Pooled safety analysis of two phase 3 studies investigating trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is approved as monotherapy and in combination with bevacizumab for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab showed good tolerability in the phase 3 SOLSTICE (first-line) and SUNLIGHT (later-line) trials. This pooled analysis was performed to further characterize the safety of FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab and to compare safety in untreated and previously treated patients with mCRC.

Biocatalytic Strategies for Nitration Reactions.

Nitro compounds are key synthetic intermediates used as enabling tools in synthesis and found in a large range of essential compounds, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and various organic dyes. Despite recent methodological developments, the industrial preparation of nitro compounds still suffers from harsh reaction conditions, along with poor selectivity and a problematic environmental footprint. Although biological enzymatic methods exist, mild approaches for bionitration are still underexplored.

Workload in the Austrian IT-sector regarding leadership roles.

This paper investigates the impact of workload on leadership roles within the Austrian IT sector, by also paying attention to differences between genders. The research adopted a prospective design, selecting IT professionals, stratified by those with and without personnel responsibility and examined further through the lens of gender. A total of 200 participants completed the survey, where the modified German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) served as the primary tool, which evaluated dimensions such as demands, influence, interpersonal relations, work interface, and conflicts.

A critical review of heat pump adoption in empirical and modeling literature.

Household electrification is an important pillar of decarbonization in the US and requires the rapid adoption of electric heat pumps. Household energy models that project adoption rates do not represent these decisions well. To what extent are they limited by fundamental knowledge gaps, or is there scope to incorporate insights from the social science literature? We review the energy modeling and social science literature on heating equipment adoption to synthesize our understanding of adoption decisions, to identify best practices on representing decision-making behavior among energy models, and to suggest model improvements.

Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement With EVOQUE and Mitral Valve Repair With PASCAL in One Procedure.

Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, linked to high morbidity and mortality, are increasingly treated with interventional edge-to-edge repair, showing excellent results in favorable anatomy. Recently, interventional valve replacement strategies have emerged. We present a patient with severe dyspnea and leg edema who was diagnosed with severe mitral and torrential tricuspid regurgitation.

Multiorgan Dysfunction and its Association With Congestion and Outcome in Aortic Stenosis Treated With TAVI.

Background: Degenerative severe aortic stenosis (AS) is treated by valve replacement to improve outcome. Despite diagnostic advancements, many AS patients are still diagnosed late with advanced heart failure.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess multiorgan dysfunction in severe AS using blood biomarkers and their association with quantitative fluid levels and clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Impact of #PCOSweightloss: A global X hashtag analysis study of weight loss narratives in the PCOS community.

Introduction: Social media plays a significant role in fostering communities around health and wellness. The hashtag #PCOSweightloss has become a pivotal forum on the platform X, where individuals exchange experiences, share information, and motivate each other concerning weight loss strategies connected with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Objective: This study aims to analyze the trends of #PCOSweightloss on X to gain insights into the social media metrics, including overall hashtag reach, key themes, and potential influence on management practices of PCOS.

Pembrolizumab-Induced Secondary Hypocorticism Manifesting as a Transitory Ischemic Attack.

Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the programmed cell death-1 (PD1) receptor, which binds to PD1 receptors on T lymphocytes and blocks their inactivation by tumor cells. Pembrolizumab is not free from side effects, a rare one of which is hypocorticism. Here we present a patient with pembrolizumab-induced hypocorticism manifested by a cerebrovascular event.

GPR55 in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer controls tumorigenesis.

Background: The G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is part of an expanded endocannabinoid system (ECS), and plays a pro-tumorigenic role in different cancer models, including pancreatic cancer. Next to cancer cells, various cells of the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) express receptors of the ECS that critically determine tumor growth. The role of GPR55 in cancer cells has been widely described, but its role in the immune TME is not well understood.

The tensile behaviour of paper under high loading rates.

This work deals with the strain-rate dependent characterization of paper under uniaxial tension at high strain-rates. Experiments were performed involving a Split Hopkinson bar for high strain-rate testing, comparing the results with conventional quasi-static tests. Tests were conducted in a strain-rate range between 0.

The relation between perceived non-native features in the L1 speech of English migrants to Austria and their phonetic manifestation in L1 productions.

Aims: The purpose of this research was to investigate to what extent the most commonly identified non-native features in the L1 speech of late consecutive bilinguals are reflected in differences in the bilinguals' productions of these features compared with those of monolingual speakers of the L1.

Design: We investigated the L1 accent of English migrants to Austria and monolingual English speakers in the United Kingdom in two inter-related studies.

Data: In Study 1, an accent-perception experiment, native English listeners rated the nativeness of the monolinguals' and bilinguals' L1 English productions of read sentences, using a 6-point scale, and subsequently commented on the accentual features associated with perceived non-nativeness.

Effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use on migraine - a critical review.

Background: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs are widely used and are among the most significant achievements of modern pharmacology. Their primary purpose is treating and preventing gastric acid-related disorders. Migraine and PPI intake are prevalent, and many people are affected by both.

Quantitative analysis of amino acid excretion by Methanothermobacter marburgensis under N-fixing conditions.

Methanogenic archaea (methanogens) possess fascinating metabolic characteristics, such as the ability to fix molecular nitrogen (N). Methanogens are of biotechnological importance due to the ability to produce methane (CH) from molecular hydrogen (H) and carbon dioxide (CO) and to excrete proteinogenic amino acids. This study focuses on analyzing the link between biological methanogenesis and amino acid excretion under N-fixing conditions.

Microstructure evolution during solution annealing of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with La additions.

The high-strength 7xxx Al alloys are frequently used due to their excellent properties. To achieve these properties, heat treatment is crucial. In this study, the influence of La on the microstructure evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys during solution annealing, the first step of heat treatment, was investigated.

Zika virus modulates human fibroblasts to enhance transmission success in a controlled lab-setting.

Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) has been reported in 92 countries and the geographical spread of invasive virus-borne vectors has increased in recent years. Arboviruses naturally survive between vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. Transmission success requires the mosquito to feed on viraemic hosts.

Artificial intelligence based prediction and multi-objective RSM optimization of tectona grandis biodiesel with Elaeocarpus Ganitrus.

Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms are widely applied across various fields due to their intelligent behavior and fast convergence, but their use in optimizing engine behavior remains limited. This study addresses this gap by integrating the Design of Experiments-based Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with meta-heuristic optimization techniques to enhance engine performance and emissions characteristics using Tectona Grandi's biodiesel with Elaeocarpus Ganitrus as an additive. Advanced Machine Learning (ML) models, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Random Trees (RT), were employed for predictive analysis, with ANN outperforming RSM in accuracy.

Comparison of postoperative oxygenation in children receiving sugammadex versus neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular blockade: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Residual neuromuscular blockade can impair postoperative respiratory mechanics, promoting hypoxemia and pulmonary complications. Sugammadex, with its unique mechanism of action, may offer a more effective reversal of neuromuscular blockade and respiratory function than neostigmine. We sought to test the primary hypothesis that children undergoing noncardiac surgery exhibit better initial recovery oxygenation when administered sugammadex than those administered neostigmine.

Diagnostic performance of corneal epithelium- and Bowman's layer thickness mapping in patients with unilateral Keratoconus.

Purpose: To investigate the role of corneal epithelium- and Bowman's layer-thickness (ET and BLT) changes as possible early biomarkers of keratoconus (KC) development.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study patients with unilateral KC (UKC) and a group of healthy controls underwent polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) for the evaluation of corneal ET and BLT. These values were compared among three subgroups of eyes, i.

Extraction, Annotation, and Purification of Resin Glycosides from the Morning Glory Family (Convolvulaceae).

The metabolic diversity of plants, comprising over a million different metabolites across the plant kingdom, harbors enormous potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. Resin glycoside (RG) acylsugars from the Convolvulaceae are of interest due to their medicinal and agricultural potential. However, understanding the biological relevance of RGs is challenging as they exhibit a high lineage-specific structural diversity.

Treatment of mandibular condyle fractures with a rhombic 3D condylar fracture plate - Does the surgical approach matter?

Fractures involving the mandibular condyle are a significant subset of mandibular fractures, demanding specialized implant design considerations for effective surgical treatment. The core objective of this study was to assess the clinical and radiographic results in patients treated with a single rhombic-shaped implant according to the surgical approach used. This retrospective cohort investigation, spanning a ten-year recruitment window, included individuals with unilateral fractures who underwent surgical treatment with a rhombic-shaped implant.