Pulsed laser deposition assisted epitaxial growth of cesium telluride photocathodes for high brightness electron sources.

The development of high-brightness electron sources is critical to state-of-the-art electron accelerator applications like X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and ultra-fast electron microscopy. Cesium telluride is chosen as the electron source material for multiple cutting-edge XFEL facilities worldwide. This manuscript presents the first demonstration of the growth of highly crystalized and epitaxial cesium telluride thin films on 4H-SiC and graphene/4H-SiC substrates with ultrasmooth film surfaces.

Age-dependent differences in breast tumor microenvironment: challenges and opportunities for efficacy studies in preclinical models.

Immunity suffers a function deficit during aging, and the incidence of cancer is increased in the elderly. However, most cancer models employ young mice, which are poorly representative of adult cancer patients. We have previously reported that Triple-Therapy (TT), involving antigen-presenting-cell activation by vinorelbine and generation of TCF1-stem-cell-like T cells (scTs) by cyclophosphamide significantly improved anti-PD-1 efficacy in anti-PD1-resistant models like Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), due to T-cell-mediated tumor killing.

Knowledge of gym goers on myths and truths in resistance training.

Over the last decades, resistance training (RT) has experienced a surge in popularity, and compelling evidence underpins its beneficial effects on health, well-being, and performance. However, sports and exercise research findings may translate poorly into practice. This study investigated the knowledge of Austrian gym-goers regarding common myths and truths in RT.

A compendium of Amplification-Related Gain Of Sensitivity genes in human cancer.

While the effect of amplification-induced oncogene expression in cancer is known, the impact of copy-number gains on "bystander" genes is less understood. We create a comprehensive map of dosage compensation in cancer by integrating expression and copy number profiles from over 8000 tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas and cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. Additionally, we analyze 17 cancer open reading frame screens to identify genes toxic to cancer cells when overexpressed.

Computational Analyses of Alkaloids as Green Corrosion Inhibitors on Fe(110).

One of the successful techniques developed for the inhibition of metal corrosion is the utilization of phytochemicals from plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors. Theoretical studies are utilized to predict how organic components behave on metal surfaces and can pave the way for the development and synthesis of innovative, efficient corrosion inhibitors. However, atomic-level insights into the inhibition mechanisms of these green components are still needed.

Patterns, timing and predictors of recurrence following pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: an international multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Background: Most patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develop recurrence. No previous studies have investigated predictors of local-only recurrence following PD for PDAC. Our study aimed to determine timing, pattern and predictors of any-site and local-only recurrence following PD for PDAC.

Editing specificity of ADAR isoforms.

Adenosine to inosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) enzymes are found in all metazoa. Their sequence and protein organization is conserved but also shows distinct differences. Moreover, the number of ADAR genes differs between organisms, ranging from one in flies to three in mammals.

Cost Minimized Immunoaffinity Purification of EPO and Its Analogs in Doping Control-A Step-by-Step Protocol for Human Urine and Blood.

A cost minimized immunoaffinity protocol was developed, which allows the direct purification of ERAs (urinary and recombinant human EPO, Darbepoetin, EPO-Fc, CERA) from human urine. The method applies magnetic beads and needs no covalent immobilization of the capture antibody. It requires only 10 mL of urine, 1 μg of anti-EPO antibody, and 25 μL of bead slurry.

The Diagnostic Assessment of Inherited Platelet Function Defects.

In this article, our goal is to offer an introduction and overview of the diagnostic approach to inherited platelet function defects (iPFDs) for clinicians and laboratory personnel who are beginning to engage in the field. We describe the most commonly used laboratory methods and propose a diagnostic four-step approach, wherein each stage requires a higher level of expertise and more specialized methods. It should be noted that our proposed approach differs from the ISTH Guidance on this topic in some points.

The Diagnostic Assessment of Platelet Function Defects.

Congenital platelet disorders are rare and targeted treatment is usually not possible. Inherited platelet function disorders (iPFDs) can affect surface receptors and multiple platelet responses such as defects of platelet granules, signal transduction, and procoagulant activity. If iPFDs are also associated with a reduced platelet count (thrombocytopenia), it is not uncommon to be misdiagnosed as immune thrombocytopenia.

Mass Casualty Incident Training in Immersive Virtual Reality: Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Multimethod Performance Indicators.

Background: Immersive virtual reality (iVR) has emerged as a training method to prepare medical first responders (MFRs) for mass casualty incidents (MCIs) and disasters in a resource-efficient, flexible, and safe manner. However, systematic evaluations and validations of potential performance indicators for virtual MCI training are still lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether different performance indicators based on visual attention, triage performance, and information transmission can be effectively extended to MCI training in iVR by testing if they can discriminate between different levels of expertise.

Platelet activation and signaling in thrombus formation.

In thrombosis and hemostasis, the formation of a platelet-fibrin thrombus or clot is a highly controlled process that varies, depending on the pathological context. Major signaling pathways in platelets are well established. However, studies with genetically modified mice have identified the contribution of hundreds of additional platelet-expressed proteins in arterial thrombus formation and bleeding.

New Layered Boride NiPtB ( = 0.5) with a Ternary Derivative Structure of MoB.

A novel ternary boride, NiPtB ( = 0.5), was obtained by argon-arc melting of the elements followed by annealing at 750 °C. It exhibits a new structure type with the space group ( = 2.

Comparative analysis of developmental outcomes in very preterm infants: BSID-II versus Bayley-III German norms.

Introduction: After the release of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III), US norms, an overestimation of outcome was observed. But, the conformity between the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition (BSID-II), and the Bayley-III German norms is unknown. This retrospective analysis aimed to compare outcomes of very preterm infants tested with BSID-II and Bayley-III German norms.

A national survey on gastroenterology and hepatology training reveals dissimilar perceptions between trainees and trainers and an important need for improvement in training programs.

Objective: We aimed to collect data on gastroenterology and hepatology training from the viewpoint of trainees and trainers.

Methods: A national online survey was distributed among trainees and specialists at certified training institutions between February and May 2024.

Results: Overall, 226 respondents - 98 trainees, 78 trainers, 50 program directors, and department heads responded, with a national coverage of 70% of trainees and 85% of specialty-department heads.

Analyzing and mitigating the risks of patient harm during operating room to intensive care unit patient handoffs.

Patients continue to suffer from preventable harm and uneven quality outcomes. Reliable clinical outcomes depend on the quality of robust administrative systems and reliable support processes. Critically ill patient handoffs from the operating room (OR) to the intensive care unit (ICU) are known to be high-risk events.

Assessment of the interobserver and the intraobserver reproducibility for the detection of renal cortical defects in adults and children using [99mTc]Tc-MAG3.

Background: One can assess cortical defects on the early images of [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 renography. We aimed to assess interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility for detecting renal cortical defects using [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 for adults and children; identify causes for poor inter- and intraobserver reproducibility and to assess the effect of the kidney to background ratio (KTBR) on reproducibility.

Methods: One hundred adult and 200 pediatric renograms were included.

The underlying mechanisms of the association of bone health with depression - an experimental study.

Background: Depression constitutes a risk factor for osteoporosis, but underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not fully understood. MiRNAs influence gene expression and are carried by extracellular vesicles (EV), affecting cell-cell communication.

Aims: (1) Identify the difference in miRNA expression between depressed patients and healthy controls; (2) Analyze associations of these miRNAs with bone turnover markers; (3) Analyze target genes of differentially regulated miRNAs and predict associated pathways regarding depression and bone metabolism.

Varenicline Attenuates Memory Impairment in Amyloid-Beta-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline. Despite extensive research, therapeutic options remain limited. Varenicline, an αβ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, shows promise in enhancing cognitive function.

Role of major cardiovascular surgery-induced metabolic reprogramming in acute kidney injury in critical care.

Purpose: Major cardiovascular surgery imposes high physiologic stress, often causing severe organ dysfunction and poor outcomes. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated metabolic changes induced by major cardiovascular surgery and the potential role of identified metabolic signatures in postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI).

Herbicide glyphosate efficiently inhibits growth of pathogenic algae species, suggesting the presence of novel pathways for the development of anti-algal drugs.

are ubiquitous algae and occasional pathogens of humans and animals. While rare, the infection is often fatal and treatment options are limited to antifungals with low efficiency. Here, using growth curve assays, we demonstrate that five pathogenic species of () were fully inhibited by 50-100 μg/mL of herbicide glyphosate, suggesting novel pathways that can be considered for anti-algal drug development.

Molecular epidemiology of β-lactamases in ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infections in the mid-Atlantic United States.

Ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales remain a public health threat; contemporary data investigating their molecular epidemiology are limited. Five hundred consecutive ceftriaxone-resistant (MIC ≥ 4 µg/mL) Enterobacterales bloodstream isolates were collected between 2018 and 2022 from three Maryland hospitals. Broth microdilution confirmed antibiotic susceptibilities.

Impact of Glaciers on Trophic Dynamics and Polyunsaturated Fat Accumulation in Southern Greenland Fjord Ecosystems.

The primary production of fjords across the Arctic and Subarctic is undergoing significant transformations due to the climatically driven retreat of glaciers and ice sheets. However, the implications of these changes for upper trophic levels remain largely unknown. In this study, we employ both bulk and compound-specific stable isotope analyses to investigate how shifts at the base of fjord food webs impact the carbon and energy sources of consumers.

Postprandial time in tight range with faster insulin aspart compared with standard insulin aspart in youth with type 1 diabetes using automated insulin delivery.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess postprandial glycaemic outcomes using automated insulin delivery with faster acting insulin aspart (FIA) or standard insulin aspart (SIA) over 4 weeks in youth (aged 10-18 years) with type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: We undertook a secondary analysis of postprandial glycaemic outcomes from a double-blind, randomised, crossover study comparing FIA to SIA using an investigational version of MiniMed™ 780G. Endpoints included postprandial time in tight range (70-140 mg/dL; TITR), postprandial glucose excursions and peak glucose, and incremental area under curve (iAUC).

The Presence of a Shelter in an Open Field Test Has Differential Effects on the Behavior and Stress Response of Two Mouse Species.

The open field test (OFT) is frequently used in research to assess anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity. Its simple design can lead to the misconception that it is a standardized procedure comparable between laboratories. However, some modifications in the setup can cause changes in behavior.