Communicating certainty via verbal probability phrases: comparing health contexts with no context.

Introduction: Medical professionals often use verbal phrases to communicate uncertainties and certainties with their patients and the general public.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate factors that can influence people's interpretation of probability phrases of certainty and uncertainty communicated by doctors in health and medical settings.

Methods: An experimental study with a randomized factorial design was conducted to examine both context-related factors and individual difference factors on participants' interpretation across directions of phrases and frames of the context.

Commentary: towards a national research infrastructure strategy for preclinical biological models in Australia.

Research infrastructure is critical for advancing knowledge of health and disease, fostering innovation through world-class, cutting-edge facilities and technical expertise. Phenomics Australia is Australia's national research infrastructure provider responsible for accelerating advances in mammalian functional genomics and precision medicine through the development and delivery of services and expertise in engineered disease model production, phenotyping, and biobanking. These capabilities and resources are enabled by Australia's National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy and primarily support health and medical research for significant healthcare and economic benefits.

Structures of aberrant spliceosome intermediates on their way to disassembly.

Intron removal during pre-mRNA splicing is of extraordinary complexity and its disruption causes a vast number of genetic diseases in humans. While key steps of the canonical spliceosome cycle have been revealed by combined structure-function analyses, structural information on an aberrant spliceosome committed to premature disassembly is not available. Here, we report two cryo-electron microscopy structures of post-B spliceosome intermediates from Schizosaccharomyces pombe primed for disassembly.

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Bose-Einstein condensation of a two-magnon bound state in a spin-1 triangular lattice.

In ordered magnets, the elementary excitations are spin waves (magnons), which obey Bose-Einstein statistics. Similarly to Cooper pairs in superconductors, magnons can be paired into bound states under attractive interactions. The Zeeman coupling to a magnetic field is able to tune the particle density through a quantum critical point, beyond which a 'hidden order' is predicted to exist.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

The Interplay of Methylidyne and Carbido Species: Modeling a Fundamental Step in the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis.

Heterobimetallic μ-methylidyne complexes [WPt(μ2-CH)(CO)2L2(Tp*)], where L2 = (PPh3)2, (PPh3)(CO), (dppe), (PPh3)(CNC6H2Me3), have been obtained via the intermediacy of transient hydrido-μ-carbido complexes that undergo carbido-hydrido coupling to model a fundamental step in the proposed mechanism for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Longitudinal associations of flare and damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of organ damage (damage) and flare and to examine longitudinal associations between flares and subsequent damage accrual, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Patients enrolled in the Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration cohort with ≥3 years of prospectively captured data were studied. Flares were assessed at routine visits, while damage ((Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology) Damage Index) was assessed annually.

Can a novel computer vision-based framework detect head-on-head impacts during a rugby league tackle?

Background: Head-on-head impacts are a risk factor for concussion, which is a concern for sports. Computer vision frameworks may provide an automated process to identify head-on-head impacts, although this has not been applied or evaluated in rugby.

Methods: This study developed and evaluated a novel computer vision framework to automatically classify head-on-head and non-head-on-head impacts.

Assessment of fracture risk with FRAX and FRAXplus.

FRAX, a risk calculator that provides individualized 10-year probabilities of hip and major osteoporotic fracture, has been widely used for fracture risk assessment since its launch in 2008. It is now incorporated into very many guidelines worldwide to inform osteoporosis management. In this review, we explore the development of FRAX and how it enhances fracture risk prediction as compared to use of bone mineral density alone, as well as approaches to utilizing FRAX in determining intervention and assessment thresholds.

Recent policy recommendations won't protect young people from alcohol-related content on social media: what needs to change?

The federal Australian government has introduced legislation to require social media platforms to restrict access to their platforms for young people under 16 years of age. Amongst the conversations about protecting the health and wellbeing of young people, we have yet to see discussion on the impact of alcohol imagery as a pervasive 'unhealthy' industry on social media. This is problematic because young people consume a large amount of social media content and are exposed to glamorised alcohol depictions and targeted advertising.

Proteomic characterization and comparison of the infective and adult life stage secretomes from Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum.

More than 470 million people globally are infected with the hookworms Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Necator americanus, resulting in an annual loss of 2.1 to 4 million disability-adjusted-life-years. Current infection management approaches are limited by modest drug efficacy, the costs associated with frequent mass drug administration campaigns, and the risk of reinfection and burgeoning drug resistance.

Psychological symptoms, quality of life and dyadic relations in family members of intensive care survivors: a multicentre, prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: There is scarce literature evaluating long term psychological or Quality of Life (QoL) outcomes in family members of ICU survivors, who have not experienced invasive ventilation. The objective was to compare long-term psychological symptoms and QoL outcomes in family members of intubated versus non-intubated ICU survivors and to evaluate dyadic relationships between paired family members and survivors.

Methods: Prospective, multicentre cohort study among four medical-surgical ICUs in Australia.

Barriers and enablers to measuring resting metabolic rate in the high-performance sporting system: A qualitative exploratory study.

Measurements of resting metabolic rate (RMR) may be undertaken for dietary planning purposes or to assess for low energy availability (LEA). This study investigated barriers and enablers to measuring RMR in real-world, high-performance sport environments. Twelve interviews were conducted with technicians ( = 6 dietitians,  = 6 physiologists) employed across six National Institute Networks, two National Sporting Organisations and one professional sporting code.

Identifying the Factors That Drive Health Service Utilization Among Healthy and Non-Healthy Agers in a Sample of Older Ethiopians: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Population aging is associated with the rising incidence of chronic illness. This presents a significant challenge to healthcare systems, particularly in developing countries, as untreated chronic conditions can lead to years of disability and loss of independence straining health budgets and resources. Promoting healthy aging can be one avenue for mitigating these challenges.

adapted to steppe-desert climate extremes one million years ago.

Questions about when early members of the genus adapted to extreme environments like deserts and rainforests have traditionally focused on . Here, we present multidisciplinary evidence from Engaji Nanyori in Tanzania's Oldupai Gorge, revealing that thrived in hyperarid landscapes one million years ago. Using biogeochemical analyses, precise chronometric dating, palaeoclimate simulations, biome modeling, fire history reconstructions, palaeobotanical studies, faunal assemblages, and archeological evidence, we reconstruct an environment dominated by semidesert shrubland.

Enhancing Farm Dams Increases Tadpole Abundance.

Understanding how agricultural and land management practices affect amphibian biodiversity is essential for conservation efforts in farmland. We investigated the impact of farm dam enhancement on tadpole abundance and growth in a highly modified farming landscape in south-eastern Australia. We completed detailed surveys on 52 farm dams (artificial ponds or agricultural reservoirs).

De novo and inherited dominant variants in U4 and U6 snRNAs cause retinitis pigmentosa.

The U4 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) forms a duplex with the U6 snRNA and, together with U5 and ~30 proteins, is part of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP complex, located at the core of the major spliceosome. Recently, recurrent variants in the U4 RNA, transcribed from the gene, and in at least two other genes were discovered to cause neurodevelopmental disorder.

Clinical toxicity of nitazene detections in two Australian emergency department toxicosurveillance systems.

Introduction: Nitazenes are a group of potent synthetic opioids that have had increasing prominence as novel psychoactive drugs in the last 5 years. We describe emergency department nitazene-related presentations.

Methods: This is a prospective series of patients with analytically confirmed nitazene presentations identified by the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia and Emerging Drugs Network of Australia Victoria.

A time series analysis of Medicare-reimbursed telepsychiatry consultations across Australian states and territories before and after telehealth item expansion: Enabling policy can improve access to care.

Objective: We aimed to examine the associations of telepsychiatry consultations with the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) telehealth policy changes (pandemic-related expansion and subsequent consolidation).

Methods: We performed a time series analysis of MBS telepsychiatry usage (January 2016-December 2023) using state/territory-level Medicare panel data. Linear regression analyses with panel-corrected standard error and autocorrelation were performed for telepsychiatry consultations (overall and age and sex subgroups).

Fluorine Doping-Assisted Reconstruction of Isolated Cu Sites for CO Electroreduction Toward Multicarbon Products.

The electrocatalytic synthesis of multicarbon compounds from CO is a promising method for storing renewable electricity and addressing global CO issues. Single-atom catalysts are promising candidates for CO reduction, but producing high-value multicarbon (C) products using a single-atom structure remains a significant challenge. In this study, a fluorine doping strategy is proposed to facilitate the reconstruction of isolated Cu atoms, promoting multicarbon generation.

Global transcriptome changes during growth of a novel Penicillium coffeae isolate on the wheat stripe rust fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.

Wheat stripe rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is currently the most destructive disease of wheat.

The complexities of aeronautical transfer of acutely unwell neurosurgical patients.

Objective: Neurosurgical care is difficult to access in many scenarios. Aeromedical evacuation of acutely unwell neurosurgical patients from remote, isolated or poorly equipped locations can be considered. This article aims to provide a framework of logistical factors which deserve special consideration in the preparation of these patients for transfer.

Metagenomics: a new frontier for routine pathology testing of gastrointestinal pathogens.

Background: Accurate and comprehensive identification of enteropathogens, causing infectious gastroenteritis, is essential for optimal patient treatment and effective isolation processes in health care systems. Traditional diagnostic techniques are well established and optimised in low-cost formats. However, thorough testing for a wider range of causal agents is time consuming and remains limited to a subset of pathogenic organisms.

Transcriptional regulation of Rankl by Txnip-Ecd in aging and diabetic related osteoporosis.

Introduction: Bone homeostasis between osteoclast bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation is tightly regulated by a series of factors such as the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Denosumab that neutralizes RANKL is effective and widely applied in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, factors that participated in the RANKL-related bone remodeling process in primary and secondary osteoporosis are less known.