Effects of an outpatient exercise programme for Australians with cancer-related fatigue: an unmet need.

Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common debilitating condition. International evidence supports an exercise prescription for CRF. The majority of Australians with cancer do not meet recommended exercise targets.

Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors vs. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Frail People With Diabetes Who Were Recently Hospitalized.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2Is) reduce heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in general type 2 diabetes populations. The objective of this study was to determine whether SGLT-2Is vs. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) are associated with reductions in MACE, HF hospitalizations and mortality in frail people with type 2 diabetes.

Practitioner perceptions of the feasibility of common frailty screening instruments within general practice settings: a mixed methods study.

Background: Frailty is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome increasing older people's vulnerability to risk of adverse outcomes. Better frailty identification through expanded screening implementation has been advocated within general practice settings, both internationally and within Australia. However, little is known about practitioner perceptions of the feasibility of specific instruments, and the underlying motivations behind those perceptions.

A vulnerable residential environment is associated with higher risk of mortality and early transition to permanent residential aged care for community dwelling older South Australians.

Objectives: This study examined the impact of the residential environment, measured by the Healthy Ageing/Vulnerable ENvironment (HAVEN) Index, on risk of mortality or entry into Permanent Residential Aged Care (PRAC).

Design: A retrospective cohort study using data from the Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA) was conducted. HAVEN Index values were matched to the ROSA by residential postcode.

Development and Psychometric Testing of a Knowledge Instrument on Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis for Clinicians: The Know-IAD.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of an instrument used to assess clinician knowledge of Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD).

Design: The instrument was developed in three phases: Phase 1 involved item development; Phase 2 evaluated content validity of the instrument by surveying clinicians and stakeholders within a single state of Australia and, Phase 3 used a pilot multisite cross-sectional survey design to determine composite reliability and evaluate scores of the knowledge tool.

Subjects And Settings: In Phase 1, the instrument was developed by five persons with clinical and research subject expertise in the area of IAD.

A Web-Based Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Program (Strong & Deadly Futures) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander School Students: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: There are no available school-based alcohol and drug prevention programs with evidence of effectiveness among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth. To address this, we codeveloped the Strong & Deadly Futures well-being and alcohol and drug prevention program in partnership with an Indigenous creative design agency and 4 Australian schools.

Objective: This paper presents the protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of Strong & Deadly Futures in reducing alcohol and other drug use and improving well-being among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth.

Pressure injury prevention practice in Australian intensive care units: A national cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Pressure injury (PI) is an ongoing problem for patients in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to explore the nature and extent of PI prevention practices in Australian adult ICUs.

Materials And Methods: An Australian multicentre, cross-sectional study was conducted via telephone interview using a structured survey instrument comprising six categories: workplace demographics, patient assessment, PI prevention strategies, medical devices, skin hygiene, and other health service strategies.

Pressure injury prevalence in Australian intensive care units: A secondary analysis.

Background: Pressure injuries (PIs) are an enduring problem for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) because of their vulnerability and numerous risk factors.

Method: This study reports Australian data as a subset of data from an international 1-day point prevalence study of ICU-acquired PI in adult patients. Patients aged 18 years or older and admitted to the ICU on the study day were included.

Prevalence of Adolescent Cannabis Vaping: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of US and Canadian Studies.

Importance: Vaping products were initially designed to deliver nicotine as a tobacco cigarette substitute (eg, electronic cigarettes) but are now frequently used to deliver psychoactive substances, such as cannabis and its derivatives. Large, nationally representative surveys, such as Monitoring the Future, found that approximately 1 in 3 grade-12 students vaped cannabis in 2018 alone.

Objective: To summarize the findings of epidemiological studies that reported the global prevalence of cannabis vaping in adolescents by survey year and school grades.

Factors associated with antimicrobial choice for surgical prophylaxis in Australia.

Background: Cefazolin is the most commonly recommended antimicrobial for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP). However, the Australian Surgical National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey revealed a wide range of antimicrobials prescribed for SAP. Inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials is associated with increased patient harm and is a posited driver for antimicrobial resistance.

Closed incision negative pressure wound therapy versus standard dressings in obese women undergoing caesarean section: multicentre parallel group randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of closed incision negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) compared with standard dressings in preventing surgical site infection (SSI) in obese women undergoing caesarean section.

Design: Multicentre, pragmatic, randomised, controlled, parallel group, superiority trial.

Setting: Four Australian tertiary hospitals between October 2015 and November 2019.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating the efficacy of autologous skin cell suspensions for re-epithelialization of acute partial thickness burn injuries and split-thickness skin graft donor sites.

Background: This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of autologous skin cell suspensions (ASCS) on the re-epithelialization of partial thickness burn injuries and skin graft donor site wounds.

Methods: Four databases (EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Web of Science), grey literature and select journal hand-searching identified studies from 1975 - 2020. Randomized trials evaluating partial thickness burn management with non-cultured ASCS compared to any other intervention were included.

The Frailty In Residential Sector over Time (FIRST) study: methods and baseline cohort description.

Background: The Frailty In Residential Sector over Time (FIRST) Study is a 3-year prospective cohort study investigating the health of residents living in residential aged care services (RACS) in South Australia. The study aims to examine the change in frailty status and associated health outcomes.

Methods: This interim report presents data from March 2019-October 2020.

General practitioner conduct of clinical services representing comprehensive geriatric assessment is associated with lower risk of mortality in older Australians receiving home care packages.

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the utilisation of general practice Medicare Benefit Schedule (MBS) services aligned to Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) within 6 months of an aged care eligibility assessment and its effects on mortality and transition to permanent residential aged care (PRAC).

Design: Retrospective cohort study from the Historical Cohort of the Registry of Senior Australians.

Setting: Community.

Actigraphy-recorded sleep efficiency and hippocampal volume are related to visual and verbal rate of forgetting in older adults.

This study aimed to determine if older adults "at-risk" for dementia (those with MCI or SMC) exhibit accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) and whether rate of forgetting (RoF) is associated with sleep efficiency, hippocampal volume and demographic/clinical features. Forty-nine "at-risk" participants and eighteen controls underwent examination. Memory was assessed using the Scene Memory Task (SMT) and WMS-III Logical Memory (LM) subtest.

Objective and subjective measures of the neighbourhood environment: Associations with frailty levels.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether perceptions of the neighbourhood environment (NE) and objective measures of the NE were associated with frailty in older adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional study in Adelaide, Australia, recruited a sample of 115 community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years. Respondents' perceptions of their NEs were assessed using the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS).

Identifying targets for improvement using a nationally standardized survey: Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery.

Background: Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is commonly administered in orthopedic procedures. Research regarding SAP appropriateness for specific orthopedic procedures is limited and is required to facilitate targeted orthopedic prescriber behavior change.

Objectives: To describe SAP prescribing and appropriateness for orthopedic procedures in Australian hospitals.

Survivors of Intensive Care With Type 2 Diabetes and the Effect of Shared-Care Follow-Up Clinics: The SWEET-AS Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

Background: Follow-up clinics after ICU admission have demonstrated limited benefit. However, existing trials have evaluated heterogeneous cohorts and used physicians who had limited training in outpatient care.

Research Question: What are the effects of a "shared-care" intensivist-endocrinologist clinic for ICU survivors with type 2 diabetes on process measures and clinical outcomes 6 months after hospital discharge, and is it feasible to conduct a larger trial?

Study Design And Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, single-center pilot study with blinded outcome assessment.

The Registry of Senior Australians outcome monitoring system: quality and safety indicators for residential aged care.

Objectives: To introduce the Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA) Outcome Monitoring System, which can monitor the quality and safety of care provided to individuals accessing residential aged care. Development and examination of 12 quality and safety indicators of care and their 2016 prevalence estimates are presented.

Design: Retrospective.

Utilisation of general practice health assessments around an aged care assessment is associated with lower mortality risk in older Australians.

Objective: (i) to describe the general practitioner utilisation of health assessments, management plans, coordination of team care arrangements and medication review item numbers within 6 months of an aged care eligibility assessment for home care packages (HCP) and (ii) investigate the impact of health assessments on the risk of mortality and entry into permanent residential aged care (PRAC) of individuals accessing HCP.

Design And Setting: retrospective cohort study utilising data from the Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA) was conducted.

Subjects: 75,172 individuals aged ≥75 years who received HCP between 2011 and 2015.

Antibiotic prescribing in surgery: A clinically and socially complex problem in Australia.

Surgical prophylaxis is a common indication for antimicrobial use in Australian hospitals with demonstrated poor rates of appropriateness. Ongoing analysis of the Surgical National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey and exploration of influences on antimicrobial prescribing decisions can help identify clinical and behavioural issues that contribute to problematic antimicrobial use. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitiatve data supports the development of surgical antimicrobial stewardship, i.

Health status and healthcare trends of individuals accessing Australian aged care programmes over a decade: the Registry of Senior Australians historical cohort.

Background: Understanding the health profile, service and medicine use of Australians in the aged care sector will help inform appropriate service provision for our ageing population.

Aims: To examine the 2006-2015 trends in (i) comorbidities and frailty of individuals accessing aged care, and (ii) health services, medicine use and mortality after entry into long-term care.

Methods: Cross-sectional and population-based trend analyses were conducted using the Registry of Senior Australians.