Transcriptional regulation of glucose transporters in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

The increased glucose uptake observed in cancer cells is mediated by glucose transporters (GLUTs), a class of transmembrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose and other substrates across the plasma membrane. Despite the important role of glucose in the pathophysiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), there is very limited data regarding the expression of GLUTs in normal or malignant cells from the oral mucosa. We analysed the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of all 14 GLUTs in two OSCC (H357/H400) and one non-malignant oral keratinocyte (OKF6) cell line using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Incidence and Clearance of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in 16 164 Individuals, According to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, Sex, and Male Sexuality: An International Pooled Analysis of 34 Longitudinal Studies.

Background: Understanding the natural history of anal high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is key for designing anal cancer prevention programs but has not been systematically characterized.

Methods: We reanalyzed data from 34 studies including 16 164 individuals in 6 risk groups defined by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, sex, and male sexuality: men who have sex with men (MSM) and people with HIV (MSMWH), HIV-negative MSM, women with HIV (WWH), HIV-negative women, men who have sex with women (MSW) with HIV (MSWWH), and HIV-negative MSW. We used Markov models to estimate incidence and clearance of 13 hrHPV types and their determinants.

Oral leukoplakia diagnosis and treatment in Europe and Australia: Oral Medicine Practitioners' attitudes and practice.

The management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) including oral leukoplakia (OL) is not currently structured according to agreed guidelines. The current report presents survey data gathered from Oral Medicine Practitioners (OMPs) in Europe and Australia and is aimed to investigate attitudes and practice in the diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of OL. In the presence of a clinical provisional diagnosis of OL, respondents reported always undertaking biopsy in 83% of cases, with most OMPs also relying on diagnostic adjuncts.

Nomogram predicting the probability of spontaneous stone passage in patients presenting with acute ureteric colic.

Objectives: To develop a nomogram that could predict spontaneous stone passage (SSP) in patients presenting with acute ureteric colic who are suitable for conservative management.

Subject/patients: A 2517 patient dataset was utilised from an international multi-centre cohort study (MIMIC, A Multi-centre Cohort Study Evaluating the role of Inflammatory Markers In Patients Presenting with Acute Ureteric Colic) of patients presenting with acute ureteric colic across 71 secondary care hospitals in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. Inclusion criteria mandated a non-contrast CT-KUB.

Oral brush biopsy using liquid-based cytology is a reliable tool for oral cancer screening: A cost-utility analysis: Oral brush biopsy for oral cancer screening.

Background: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility and associated cost of oral liquid-based brush cytology (OLBC) in the diagnosis of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).

Methods: A total of 284 patients with oral mucosal lesions were included. OLBC samples were collected from all patients immediately before undergoing surgical biopsies.

Phase 2 Study of Neoadjuvant FGFR Inhibition and Androgen Deprivation Therapy Prior to Prostatectomy.

Background: Disease recurrence is common following prostatectomy in patients with localised prostate cancer with high-risk features. Although androgen deprivation therapy increases the rates of organ-confined disease and negative surgical margins, there is no significant benefit on disease recurrence. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that (Fibroblast Growth Factor/Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor) FGF/FGFR-signalling is important in supporting prostate epithelial cell survival in hostile conditions, including acute androgen deprivation.

SUBA-Itraconazole for Primary Antifungal Prophylaxis After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Background: Itraconazole (ITZ) is an effective agent when used as primary invasive fungal disease (IFD) prophylaxis, but is limited by drug tolerability and variability in serum concentrations. A new formulation, SUBA-itraconazole (for "super bioavailability"; S-ITZ), addresses the limitations of conventional ITZ formulations.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at 2 Australian centers to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of S-ITZ as primary antifungal prophylaxis in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients without grade II-IV acute graft-vs-host disease, from day 1 until approximately day 100 (cohort A) or day 1 until neutrophil engraftment (cohort B).

Immunoexpression of oral brush biopsy enhances the accuracy of diagnosis for oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions.

Background: This study assessed the efficacy of using oral liquid-based brush cytology (OLBC) coupled with immunostained cytology-derived cell-blocks, quantified using machine-learning, in the diagnosis of oral lichen planus (OLP).

Methods: Eighty-two patients diagnosed clinically with either OLP or oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) were included. OLBC samples were obtained from all patients before undergoing surgical biopsy.

Commonly Prescribed Anticoagulants Exert Anticancer Effects in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells In Vitro.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer. With anticoagulant usage on the rise, it is important to elucidate their potential effects on tumour biology and interactions with chemotherapeutics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of anticoagulants on OSCC cell lines and their interactions with the drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).

Potential Adverse Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) on Bisphosphonate Efficacy: An Exploratory Post Hoc Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial of Clodronate.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to have weak but beneficial effects on bone health, including fracture risk, but many epidemiological studies are likely confounded. We explored the relationship between NSAIDs and fracture risk in a post hoc analysis of a well-documented, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the bisphosphonate, clodronate, in which treatment reduced osteoporotic fracture risk by 23%. Concurrent medication use at baseline was used to identify those prescribed oral NSAIDs.

Transcriptomic Biomarker Signatures for Discrimination of Oral Cancer Surgical Margins.

Relapse after surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) contributes significantly to morbidity, mortality and poor outcomes. The current histopathological diagnostic techniques are insufficiently sensitive for the detection of oral cancer and minimal residual disease in surgical margins. We used whole-transcriptome gene expression and small noncoding RNA profiles from tumour, close margin and distant margin biopsies from 18 patients undergoing surgical resection for OSCC.

Incidence and risk factors of hypertension therapy in Australian cancer patients treated with vascular signalling pathway inhibitors.

Background: Clinical trials report systemic hypertension is an adverse effect of vascular signalling pathway inhibitor (VSPi) use. There are limited data from routine clinical practice. We aimed to estimate the real-world incidence and risk factors of new-onset and aggravated hypertension for cancer patients dispensed VSPi in whole-of-population Australian setting.

Development of a Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire for Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men With Prostate Cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is often diagnosed early with prolonged survival, which makes sexual quality of life (QoL) an increasingly important treatment consideration, but existing QoL questionnaires have limited applicability for men who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) beyond penile erections and penetrative sex.

Aim: We aimed to create a validated survey instrument for assessing a variety of sexual activities beyond penile insertive sex for MSM after PCa treatment.

Methods: Based on our previously published survey findings, we have generated a prototype questionnaire with 13 different domains, reviewed by both healthy MSM and pilot-tested by MSM treated for PCa.

A smartphone program to support adherence to oral chemotherapy in people with cancer: Proof-of-concept trial.

Aim: Nonadherence to oral chemotherapy (OC) can lead to health complications, including premature death. Mobile phones are increasingly used to deliver medication adherence interventions. However, there is limited evidence about mobile phone-based interventions to increase adherence to OC, specifically.

Interventions to support adherence to oral anticancer therapies: research challenges, lessons learned, and strategies to overcome them from Australia and Switzerland.

Not monitoring adherence to oral anticancer therapies (OAT) can lead to poor clinical outcomes, including premature death as reported by Foulon et al. (Acta Clin Belg 66(2):85-96, 2011) and Greer et al. (Oncologist 21(3):354-76, 2016).

Probiotics Evaluation in Oncological Surgery: A Systematic Review of 36 Randomized Controlled Trials Assessing 21 Diverse Formulations.

Background: Objectives were to evaluate probiotics safety and efficacy in oncological surgery.

Methods: Systematic review methodology guided by Cochrane, PRISMA, SWiM, and CIOMS. Protocol registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018086168).

PD-1/PD-L1, Treg-related proteins, and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Cancer immunomodulation has been implicated in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however the role of specific immunomodulatory proteins is not completely understood, particularly in the early stages of the disease. Oral potentially malignant disorders such as leukoplakia commonly precede OSCC but not all will undergo malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of specific immunomodulator proteins and their role in the progression of OSCC.

Cost-effectiveness of home-based care of febrile neutropenia in children with cancer.

Introduction: Home-based treatment of febrile neutropenia (FN) in children with cancer with oral or intravenous antibiotics is safe and effective. There are limited data on the economic impact of this model of care. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of implementing an FN programme, incorporating home-based intravenous antibiotics for carefully selected patients, in a tertiary paediatric hospital.

Current and Emerging Molecular Therapies for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Head and neck cancer affects nearly 750,000 patients, with more than 300,000 deaths annually. Advances in first line surgical treatment have improved survival rates marginally particularly in developed countries, however survival rates for aggressive locally advanced head and neck cancer are still poor. Recurrent and metastatic disease remains a significant problem for patients and the health system.

The Balance between Differentiation and Terminal Differentiation Maintains Oral Epithelial Homeostasis.

The oral epithelium is one of the fastest repairing and continuously renewing tissues. Stem cell activation within the basal layer of the oral epithelium fuels the rapid proliferation of multipotent progenitors. Stem cells first undergo asymmetric cell division that requires tightly controlled and orchestrated differentiation networks to maintain the pool of stem cells while producing progenitors fated for differentiation.

Cannabidiol for COVID-19 Patients with Mild to Moderate Symptoms (CANDIDATE Study): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Owing to its anti-inflammatory properties and antiviral "in vitro" effect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), cannabidiol (CBD) has been proposed as a potential treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To investigate the safety and efficacy of CBD for treating patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted between July 7 and October 16, 2020, in two sites in Brazil.

Management of adverse events in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in remission receiving oral azacitidine: experience from the phase 3 randomized QUAZAR AML-001 trial.

Background: Most older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who attain morphologic remission with intensive chemotherapy (IC) will eventually relapse and post-relapse prognosis is dismal. In the pivotal QUAZAR AML-001 trial, oral azacitidine maintenance therapy significantly prolonged overall survival by 9.9 months (P < 0.

The Role of Glucose Transporters in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. The Warburg effect can be observed in OSCCs, with tumours requiring a robust glucose supply. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) and sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) are overexpressed in multiple malignancies, and are correlated with treatment resistance, clinical factors, and poor overall survival (OS).