Naming genera after geographical locations. Proposal to emend Appendix 9 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes.

Appendix 9, Section E of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes provides guidelines on how to form adjectival specific and subspecific epithets that reflect the geographical location where the organism was found or studied. It does not mention ways of naming genera after geographical locations. We here propose emendation of Appendix 9 with the recommendations on how to form such names.

Enhanced meat chicken productivity in response to the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 is associated with the enrichment of microbial amino acid and vitamin biosynthesis pathways.

Aims: Sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics as a growth promoter in animal diets has either been banned or voluntarily withdrawn from use in many countries to help curb the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Probiotics may be an alternative to antibiotics as a growth promoter. We investigated the effects of a novel probiotic strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 (H57) on the performance and microbiome-associated metabolic potential.

Hot spring distribution and survival mechanisms of thermophilic comammox Nitrospira.

The recent discovery of Nitrospira species capable of complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) in non-marine natural and engineered ecosystems under mesothermal conditions has changed our understanding of microbial nitrification. However, little is known about the occurrence of comammox bacteria or their ability to survive in moderately thermal and/or hyperthermal habitats. Here, we report the wide distribution of comammox Nitrospira in five terrestrial hot springs at temperatures ranging from 36 to 80°C and provide metagenome-assembled genomes of 11 new comammox strains.

Microbial Niche Differentiation during Nitrite-Dependent Anaerobic Methane Oxidation.

Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) has been demonstrated to play important roles in the global methane and nitrogen cycle. However, despite diverse n-DAMO bacteria widely detected in environments, little is known about their physiology for microbial niche differentiation. Here, we show the microbial niche differentiation of n-DAMO bacteria through long-term reactor operations combining genome-centered omics and kinetic analysis.

Judicial Opinion 128.

Judicial Opinion 128 addresses nomenclatural issues related to the names of classes validly published under the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. It is confirmed that the common ending of some class names is not indicative of a joint taxonomic or phylogenetic placement; that the nomenclatural type of Edward and Freundt 1967 (Approved Lists 1980) is Freundt 1955 (Approved Lists 1980); and that the placement of a name on the list of rejected names does not imply that another name with the same spelling but a distinct rank is also placed on that list. The names at the rank of class (Gibbons and Murray 1978) Murray 1988, Murray 1988, Haeckel 1894 (Approved Lists 1980), Murray 1988, Philip 1956 (Approved Lists 1980), (ex Gibbons and Murray 1978) Murray 1988, Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980), Stackebrandt .

Isolation and characterisation of novel Methanocorpusculum species indicates the genus is ancestrally host-associated.

Background: With an increasing interest in the manipulation of methane produced from livestock cultivation, the microbiome of Australian marsupials provides a unique ecological and evolutionary comparison with 'low-methane' emitters. Previously, marsupial species were shown to be enriched for novel lineages of Methanocorpusculum, as well as Methanobrevibacter, Methanosphaera, and Methanomassiliicoccales. Despite sporadic reports of Methanocorpusculum from stool samples of various animal species, there remains little information on the impacts of these methanogens on their hosts.

The koala gut microbiome is largely unaffected by host translocation but rather influences host diet.

Introduction: Translocation is a valuable and increasingly used strategy for the management of both threatened and overabundant wildlife populations. However, in some instances the translocated animals fail to thrive. Differences in diet between the source and destination areas may contribute to poor translocation outcomes, which could conceivably be exacerbated if the animals' microbiomes are unsuited to the new diet and cannot adapt.

Guidelines for interpreting the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes and for preparing a Request for an Opinion.

In this paper the Judicial Commission provides general guidance for interpreting the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and specific assistance to authors, reviewers and editors of a Request for an Opinion, or of other suggestions related to the ICNP. The role of the Judicial Commission is recapitulated, particularly with respect to the processing of such Requests. Selected kinds of nomenclature-related proposals are discussed that are unsuitable as the basis for a Request.

Surface-layer protein is a public-good matrix exopolymer for microbial community organisation in environmental anammox biofilms.

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are core biofilm components, yet how they mediate interactions within and contribute to the structuring of biofilms is largely unknown, particularly for non-culturable microbial communities that predominate in environmental habitats. To address this knowledge gap, we explored the role of EPS in an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biofilm. An extracellular glycoprotein, BROSI_A1236, from an anammox bacterium, formed envelopes around the anammox cells, supporting its identification as a surface (S-) layer protein.

A bacterial genome assembly and annotation laboratory using a virtual machine.

With the global increase of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, there is an urgent need for new methods of tackling the issue. Genomic analysis of bacterial strains can help to understand their virulence and antibiotic resistance profile. Bioinformatic skills are in great demand across the biological sciences.

The first genomic insight into Chlamydia psittaci sequence type (ST)24 from a healthy captive psittacine host in Australia demonstrates evolutionary proximity with strains from psittacine, human, and equine hosts.

Chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen that infects birds, humans, and other mammals. Notably, recent studies suggested the human-to-human transmission of C. psittaci, and this pathogen also causes equine reproductive loss in Australia.

Panguiarchaeum symbiosum, a potential hyperthermophilic symbiont in the TACK superphylum.

The biology of Korarchaeia remains elusive due to the lack of genome representatives. Here, we reconstruct 10 closely related metagenome-assembled genomes from hot spring habitats and place them into a single species, proposed herein as Panguiarchaeum symbiosum. Functional investigation suggests that Panguiarchaeum symbiosum is strictly anaerobic and grows exclusively in thermal habitats by fermenting peptides coupled with sulfide and hydrogen production to dispose of electrons.

Targeting dominated skin dysbiosis in actinic keratosis to prevent the onset of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Outlook for future therapies?

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and its premalignant precursor, actinic keratosis (AK), present a global health burden that is continuously increasing despite extensive efforts to promote sun safety. Chronic UV exposure is a recognized risk factor for the development of AK and cSCC. However, increasing evidence suggests that AK and cSCC is also associated with skin microbiome dysbiosis and, in particular, an overabundance of the bacterium ( Studies have shown that -derived toxins can contribute to DNA damage and lead to chronic upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines that may affect carcinogenesis.

Functional characterization and taxonomic classification of novel gammaproteobacterial diversity in sponges.

Sponges harbour exceptionally diverse microbial communities, whose members are largely uncultured. The class Gammaproteobacteria often dominates the microbial communities of various sponge species, but most of its diversity remains functional and taxonomically uncharacterised. Here we reconstructed and characterised 32 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) derived from three sponge species.

Judicial Opinions 123-127.

Opinion 123 places the epithet of the name on the list of rejected epithets and clarifies the citation of authors of selected names within the genus . Opinion 124 denies the request to place on the list of rejected names because the request is based on a misinterpretation of the Code, which is clarified. There are alternative ways to solve the perceived problem.

Probiotic subsp. Protects against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Inflammation in Mice.

are prominent gut commensals that produce the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, and they are often used as probiotics. Connections between the gut and the lung, termed the gut-lung axis, are regulated by the microbiome. The gut-lung axis is increasingly implicated in cigarette smoke-induced diseases, and cigarette smoke exposure has been associated with depletion of species.

Reactivated biofilm coupling n-DAMO with anammox achieved high-rate nitrogen removal in membrane aerated moving bed biofilm reactor.

As a promising technology, the combination of nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) with Anammox offers a solution to achieve effective and sustainable wastewater treatment. However, this sustainable process faces challenges to accumulate sufficient biomass for reaching practical nitrogen removal performance. This study developed an innovative membrane aerated moving bed biofilm reactor (MAMBBR), which supported sufficient methane supply and excellent biofilm attachment, for cultivating biofilms coupling n-DAMO with Anammox.

Controlling anammox speciation and biofilm attachment strategy using N-biotransformation intermediates and organic carbon levels.

Conventional nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment requires a high oxygen and energy input. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), the single-step conversion of ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas, is a more energy and cost effective alternative applied extensively to sidestream wastewater treatment. It would also be a mainstream treatment option if species diversity and physiology were better understood.

Metabolic reconstruction of the near complete microbiome of the model sponge Ianthella basta.

Many marine sponges host highly diverse microbiomes that contribute to various aspects of host health. Although the putative function of individual groups of sponge symbionts has been increasingly described, the extreme diversity has generally precluded in-depth characterization of entire microbiomes, including identification of syntrophic partnerships. The Indo-Pacific sponge Ianthella basta is emerging as a model organism for symbiosis research, hosting only three dominant symbionts: a Thaumarchaeotum, a Gammaproteobacterium, and an Alphaproteobacterium and a range of other low abundance or transitory taxa.

Evolutionary responses of a reef-building coral to climate change at the end of the last glacial maximum.

Climate change threatens the survival of coral reefs on a global scale, primarily through mass bleaching and mortality as a result of marine heatwaves. While these short-term effects are clear, predicting the fate of coral reefs over the coming century is a major challenge. One way to understand the longer-term effects of rapid climate change is to examine the response of coral populations to past climate shifts.