A review of chitosan role in milk bioactive-based drug delivery, smart packaging and biosensors: Recent advances and developments.

Chitosan, a versatile biopolymer derived from chitin, is increasingly recognized in the milk industry for its multifunctional applications in drug delivery, smart packaging, and biosensor development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in chitosan production techniques. These include chemical, biological, and novel methods such as deep eutectic solvents (DES), microwave-assisted approaches, and laser-assisted processes.

Validation of the Clavien-Dindo classification and Comprehensive Complication Index as measures of morbidity following total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Aims: The Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification and Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) have been validated primarily among general surgical procedures. To date, the validity of these measures has not been assessed in patients undergoing arthroplasty.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients undergoing primary total hip and knee arthroplasty between April 2013 and December 2019.

Sustained growth-promoting effects of vosoritide in children with achondroplasia from an ongoing phase 3 extension study.

Background: Vosoritide is a C-type natriuretic peptide analog that addresses an underlying pathway causing reduced bone growth in achondroplasia. Understanding the vosoritide treatment effect requires evaluation over an extended duration and comparison with outcomes in untreated children.

Methods: After completing ≥6 months of a baseline observational growth study and 52 weeks in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study (ClinicalTrials.

Development and thorough evaluation of a multi-omics sample preparation workflow for comprehensive LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics datasets.

The importance of sample preparation selection if often overlooked particularly for untargeted multi-omics approaches that gained popularity in recent years. To minimize issues with sample heterogeneity and additional freeze-thaw cycles during sample splitting, multiple -omics datasets (e.g.

Economics of emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy at an Australian tertiary centre in the post COVID-19 era.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a common operation performed worldwide. Indications include acute cholecystitis (AC), with a trend of increasing complexity post-COVID-19. We aim to evaluate the health expenditure on LC at an Australian tertiary centre.

Global spatiotemporal characterization factors for freshwater eutrophication under climate change scenarios.

Nutrient enrichment of water bodies can lead to eutrophication, which poses a global threat to freshwater ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and water quality. While human activities have accelerated eutrophication, climate change further complicates the dynamics of nutrient cycling and ecosystem responses. Here, we provide global, spatially explicit freshwater eutrophication characterization factors, at an annual resolution from 2021 up to 2099 based on eight different climate change scenarios.

Unsymmetric hydroxylamine and hydrazine BAM15 derivatives as potent mitochondrial uncouplers.

Chemical mitochondrial uncouplers are protonophoric, lipophilic small molecules that transport protons from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the matrix independent of ATP synthase, thus uncoupling nutrient oxidation from ATP production. Our previous work identified BAM15 (IC 0.27 μM) as a potent and efficacious mitochondrial uncoupler with potential for obesity treatment.

Environmental exposure and cancer occurrence in dogs: a critical appraisal of evidence.

Cancer is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in humans and is also the leading cause of death in dogs. It is estimated that up to 20 % of human cancers can be explained by environmental exposures to carcinogens. It has been hypothesized that companion animals such as dogs could not only be a model for the complex pathogenic processes of human cancers, but also act as sentinels for environmental carcinogens due to their relative shorter longevity, spontaneous occurrence of tumours, and intimate relationship with our everyday environments.

Management of operating theatre ambient temperature for major burn patients in a state-wide adult burns centre.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of limiting increases in theatre ambient temperature to 27°C to prevent intraoperative patient hypothermia.

Methods: This single-centre, comparative cohort clinical study investigated the management of theatre ambient temperatures involving patients with ≥ 20 % TBSA burn injuries at Victorian Adult Burns Service (Melbourne, Australia). Data from the intervention group (August 2021 - February 2023, theatre ambient temperature increase limited to 27°C) was compared with a historical cohort (August 2019 - August 2021).

Learnable color space conversion and fusion for stain normalization in pathology images.

Variations in hue and contrast are common in H&E-stained pathology images due to differences in slide preparation across various institutions. Such stain variations, while not affecting pathologists much in diagnosing the biopsy, pose significant challenges for computer-assisted diagnostic systems, leading to potential underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis, especially when stain differentiation introduces substantial heterogeneity across datasets from different sources. Traditional stain normalization methods, aimed at mitigating these issues, often require labor-intensive selection of appropriate templates, limiting their practicality and automation.

Assessing integrated water reuse efficiency towards SDG6 and influencing factors.

Improving water reuse efficiency from a recycling perspective is claimed to be a better way to alleviate global water scarcity and water pollution. This study opens the internal "black box" of China's water reuse system driven and decomposes water reuse system into water use, wastewater treatment and reclaimed water reuse stages, and selects input-output indicators based on SDG6. Then, it proposes a dynamic three-stage DEA model to assess the water reuse efficiency.

Soil carbon fractionation as a tool to monitor coastal wetland rehabilitation.

Coastal wetland rehabilitation can provide nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation. The high carbon accumulation rate and carbon secured, potentially for several millennia, as soil organic carbon (SOC), is among the reasons. Measuring SOC storage and accrual over time are the main tools to understand rehabilitation success.

Mucosal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 using recombinant influenza viruses delivering self-assembling nanoparticles.

Recombinant influenza viruses are promising vectors that can bolster antibody and resident lymphocyte responses within mucosal sites. This study evaluates recombinant influenza viruses with SARS-CoV-2 RBD genes in eliciting mucosal and systemic responses. Using reverse genetics, we generated replication-competent recombinant influenza viruses carrying heterologous RBD genes in monomeric, trimeric, or ferritin-based nanoparticle forms.

Preconception care interventions among adolescents and young adults to prevent adverse maternal, perinatal and child health outcomes: An evidence gap map.

Objective: To identify gaps in existing evidence on preconception health interventions to improve the health outcomes of adolescents, young adults, and their offspring.

Study Design: Evidence gap map (EGM) METHODS: Following the Campbell guidelines, we included reviews and interventional studies identified through searches on Medline and other electronic databases from 2010 to July 18th, 2023. Dual screening of titles/abstracts and full texts was conducted on Covidence software, followed by quality assessment and development of 2D-EGM using the EPPI-Reviewer and Mapper software.

miRNAome-metabolome wide association study reveals effects of miRNA regulation in eosinophilia and airflow obstruction in childhood asthma.

Background: There are important inter-relationships between miRNAs and metabolites: alterations in miRNA expression can be induced by various metabolic stimuli, and miRNAs play a regulatory role in numerous cellular processes, impacting metabolism. While both specific miRNAs and metabolites have been identified for their role in childhood asthma, there has been no global assessment of the combined effect of miRNAs and the metabolome in childhood asthma.

Methods: We performed miRNAome-metabolome-wide association studies ('miR-metabo-WAS') in two childhood cohorts of asthma to evaluate the contemporaneous and persistent miRNA-metabolite associations: 1) Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS) (N = 1121); 2) the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) (N = 312 and N = 454).

Beliefs and attitudes about men's alcohol-related sexual harassment and aggression (BAMASHA): Development and initial validation of a new scale.

Background: Men's perpetration of sexual violence (SV) toward women in drinking venues is a pervasive yet understudied phenomenon with significant downstream consequences for women. Although men's negative attitudes and beliefs toward women play an important role in SV, current attitude measures are limited in that they do not focus on SV specific to drinking contexts, thereby precluding understandings of SV in this context. As such, we developed and evaluated a measure of beliefs and attitudes about men's alcohol-related sexual harassment and aggression (BAMASHA) toward women in drinking venues to better understand this ubiquitous problem.

Does Antenatal Expressing Affect Onset of Lactogenesis for Women With Diabetes? Results From a Randomised Controlled Trial and Cohort Study.

Background: Previously it was recognised onset of Lactogenesis II was delayed in women with Type I diabetes compared to women without diabetes, but the effect of gestational diabetes was unclear. Some clinicians suggest pregnant women with diabetes express breastmilk in late pregnancy to hasten onset of Lactogenesis II.

Aims: To confirm if Lactogenesis II occurs later in women with diabetes in pregnancy, and test if advice to express antenatally hastens Lactogenesis II.

Management of Patients With Refractory Reflux-Like Symptoms Despite Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy: Evidence-Based Consensus Statements.

Background: Many patients diagnosed with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have persistent symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy.

Aims: The aim of this consensus is to provide evidence-based statements to guide clinicians caring for patients with refractory reflux-like symptoms (rRLS) or refractory GERD.

Methods: This consensus was developed by the International Working Group for the Classification of Oesophagitis.

Maternity Care Informed Consent Practices and Perspectives: A Qualitative Study at a Tertiary Maternity Unit.

Background: Although consent has long been accepted as necessary in maternity care, the concept of informed consent for planned vaginal birth has polarised maternity politics. The publication of the NSW Consent Manual outlines new standards of informed consent, signalling the need for examination of current maternity consent practices.

Aims: To examine informed consent and disclosure of material risks in birth in a prospective qualitative study of midwives and obstetricians.

The Role of Clinician-Developed Applications in Promoting Adherence to Evidence-Based Guidelines: Pilot Study.

Background: Computerized clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are increasingly being used in clinical practice to improve health care delivery. Mobile apps are a type of CDSS that are currently being increasingly used, particularly in lifestyle interventions and disease prevention. However, the use of such apps in acute patient care, diagnosis, and management has not been studied to a great extent.

The status of dental sleep medicine education in Australia and New Zealand in 2024.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the current status of dental sleep medicine education across dental schools in Australia and New Zealand and gain further insights into the educational background of dentists who have sat the Australasian Sleep Association Fellow of Dental Sleep Medicine examination in 2023.

Methods: Online surveys were carried out, and descriptive statistics were used to analyse data.

Results: All dental schools responded to the survey.

Measured energy expenditure according to the phases of critical illness: A descriptive cohort study.

Background: Indirect calorimetry is recommended for directing energy provision in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, limited reports exist of measured energy expenditure according to the phases of critical illness in large cohorts of patients during ICU admission. This study aimed to analyze measured energy expenditure overall in adult patients who were critically ill and across the different phases of critical illness.