A high-resolution in situ X-ray diffraction study of mineral transitions due to post-hydration heating in CM chondrite meteorites.

Abstract: The effects of post-hydration heating over a broad range of temperatures are evident in many Mighei-like carbonaceous (CM) chondrites as a variety of mineral transitions. To better understand these processes and how a CM chondrite's starting composition may have affected them, we experimentally heated two meteorites with different degrees of aqueous alteration, Allan Hills 83100 and Murchison, at 25 °C temperature steps from 200 °C to 950 °C and 300 °C to 750 °C, respectively. During heating, synchrotron in situ X-ray diffraction patterns were collected.

Predicting an individual's functional connectivity from their structural connectome: Evaluation of evidence, recommendations, and future prospects.

Several recent studies have optimized deep neural networks to learn high-dimensional relationships linking structural and functional connectivity across the human connectome. However, the extent to which these models recapitulate individual-specific characteristics of resting-state functional brain networks remains unclear. A core concern relates to whether current individual predictions outperform simple benchmarks such as group averages and null conditions.

A generative model of the connectome with dynamic axon growth.

Connectome generative models, otherwise known as generative network models, provide insight into the wiring principles underpinning brain network organization. While these models can approximate numerous statistical properties of empirical networks, they typically fail to explicitly characterize an important contributor to brain organization-axonal growth. Emulating the chemoaffinity-guided axonal growth, we provide a novel generative model in which axons dynamically steer the direction of propagation based on distance-dependent chemoattractive forces acting on their growth cones.

Hydrophilic Ethylene Glycol Fragments: A Determinant Affecting the Therapeutic Index of Paclitaxel Prodrug Nanoassemblies.

Prodrug-based nanoassemblies are promising platforms for cancer therapy. Prodrugs typically consist of three main components: drug modules, intelligent response modules, and modification modules. However, the available modification modules are usually hydrophobic aliphatic side chains, which affect the activation efficiency of the prodrugs.

Sleep discrepancy and brain glucose metabolism in community-dwelling older adults.

Sleep discrepancy (negative discrepancy reflects worse self-reported sleep than objective measures, such as actigraphy, and positive discrepancy the opposite) has been linked to adverse health outcomes. This study is first to investigate the relationship between sleep discrepancy and brain glucose metabolism (assessed globally and regionally via positron emission tomography), and to evaluate the contribution of insomnia severity and depressive symptoms to any associations. Using data from cognitively unimpaired community-dwelling older adults ( = 68), cluster analysis was used to characterise sleep discrepancy (for total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE)), and logistic regression was used to explore sleep discrepancy's associations with brain glucose metabolism, while controlling for insomnia severity and depressive symptoms.

Evaluation of Energy Utilisation Efficiencies of Digestible Macronutrients in Juvenile Malabar Snapper () Reveals High Protein Requirement for Optimal Growth Using Both Factorial and Multifactorial Approaches.

Malabar snapper () is an economically important marine fish throughout the Indo-Pacific, with an emerging aquaculture industry. Although generic marine feeds are available for production, these are not optimised for this species. Understanding energy utilisation and balance can provide insight into suitable macronutrient profiles for new species to provide a baseline for future development.

Shining a spotlight on youth involvement in mental health research: Challenges and innovations.

Despite progress in youth involvement in mental health research, considerable gaps remain in our understanding, conceptualisation, and implementation of involving children and young people in this field. This Editorial Perspective reflects on how these gaps present challenges to our research practices and often serve as barriers to meaningfully involving youth voices and experiences into the research process. We take a critical perspective to recent advances in the field of youth involvement in mental health research, reflected by the studies included in this special issue, and highlight examples of good practice paving the way for more equitable and inclusive approaches.

The Attitudes Toward Polypharmacy and Willingness to Deprescribe Among Patients with Multimorbidity in Rural Areas of Shandong Province in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Multimorbidity and polypharmacy have emerged as significant global issues, heightening the risks of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). This necessitates medication optimization through deprescribing. Understanding patients' decision-making preferences regarding medication cessation is crucial for mitigating medication-related risks.

No evidence for phenotypic condition-dependent ejaculate allocation in response to sperm competition in a seed beetle.

Sperm competition is known to favor the evolution of male traits that confer an advantage in gaining fertilizations when females mate multiply. Ejaculate production can be costly and the strategic allocation of sperm in relation to the sperm competition environment is a taxonomically widespread phenomenon. However, variation among males in their ability to adjust ejaculate allocation has rarely been explored.

Ultrasound transducer disinfection for percutaneous procedures: A review of the evidence supporting guideline recommendations.

Introduction/purpose: There are varying international recommendations regarding the minimum level of disinfection required for ultrasound transducers used in percutaneous procedures. While some guidelines recommend high-level disinfection (HLD), others question the additional benefit this delivers over low-level disinfection (LLD).

Methods: This narrative review identifies current guidelines and evaluates the evidence used to support disinfection recommendations for ultrasound transducers used in percutaneous procedures.

Comparing transabdominal and transvaginal cervical length measurements at mid-trimester fetal anomaly scan: The impact of bladder fullness and lower uterine contractions.

Purpose: To assess the effects of bladder fullness and lower uterine contractions ultrasound on transabdominal and transvaginal cervical length measurements at the mid-trimester fetal anomaly scan (FAS).

Methods: Transabdominal and transvaginal cervical length measurements from 925 mid-trimester FAS examinations were retrospectively analysed. Images were assessed for lower uterine contraction and bladder fullness using a novel qualitative assessment.

Placental cord insertion migration: Implications for ultrasound documentation and follow-up of abnormal placental cord insertion site.

Introduction/purpose: It is well-documented in the literature that the placenta migrates during pregnancy; however, studies regarding placental cord insertion (PCI) migration are scarce. This longitudinal, prospective study aimed to determine whether PCI migration is a true phenomenon, to assess whether the PCI can change classification during pregnancy and to determine the validity of PCI site documentation including follow-up of abnormal PCI.

Methods: Eighty-three participants who had first, second and third trimester ultrasound examinations at a Western Australian private imaging practice over a 12-month period between November 2021 and November 2022 were recruited.

Telehealth use in the well-child health setting. A systematic review of acceptability and effectiveness for families and practitioners.

Background: Universal well-child health nursing services in high-resource countries promote the health and well-being of children and families while preventing health inequities. The COVID-19 pandemic and technological advancements have led to the increased use of telehealth in this field. To enhance policies and practices, it's important to understand the acceptability and effectiveness of telehealth, as well as the barriers and enablers to its implementation, and to determine when its use is appropriate and safe.

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in atherosclerosis: A bibliometric and visual analysis.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation, and extensive studies have demonstrated their therapeutic potential in atherosclerosis (AS).

Aim: To conduct a bibliometric analysis of studies on the use of MSC therapy for AS over the past two decades, assess key trends and provide insights for future research directions.

Methods: We systematically searched the Web of Science Core Collection database for articles published between 1999 and 2023, yielding a total of 556 articles.

Adverse events related to physiotherapy practice: a scoping review.

Introduction: While adverse events related to physiotherapy are possible, the type of adverse event and the area of physiotherapy practice in which they occur are not well understood. The purpose of this scoping review was to establish adverse events related to physiotherapy practice and understand the nature of these events and the circumstances in which they occurred.

Methods: Relevant literature from January 2014 to February 2024 was gathered from five electronic databases.

Polygenic score distribution differences across European ancestry populations: implications for breast cancer risk prediction.

Background: The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed.

Methods: We explored the distribution of PRS across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer diagnosis, of European-ancestry from 21 countries participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 223,316 females without breast cancer diagnosis from the UK Biobank.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Vietnamese Version of the Vocal Fatigue Index.

Objectives: The Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) is widely used to identify vocal fatigue, but no Vietnamese version exists. This study aimed to translate the VFI into Vietnamese and evaluate its reliability and validity among primary school teachers in Vietnam.

Methods: The VFI was translated using a forward-backward method.

International consensus on research priorities in hypospadias using a Delphi study approach.

Introduction: Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly of the male genitalia that poses significant management and treatment challenges. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of priority research questions in hypospadiology will be essential to reach agreement on the optimal approach to assessment, treatment, and outcome prediction for affected patients.

Methods: We employed a consensus-building Delphi method to identify and prioritize research questions in the hypospadias field.

Interplay between CD28 and PD-1 in T cell immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint therapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has revolutionized the treatment of solid tumors. However, T cell exhaustion underpins resistance to current anti-PD-1 therapies, resulting in lower response rates in cancer patients. CD28 is a T cell costimulatory receptor that can influence the PD-1 signalling pathway (and vice versa).

Assessment of Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) 2015 guideline adherence in medical imaging diagnostic accuracy studies published in 2023.

Background: The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) 2015 guideline facilitates evaluation of key aspects of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies and their findings, including the risk of bias and applicability of findings.

Objective: To evaluate the completeness of reporting in medical imaging DTA research in a sample of studies published in 2023.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify medical imaging DTA studies published between January - June 2023 that assessed one or more index imaging tests compared to a reference standard and reported test performance using relevant outcome measures.

Developmental dysfunction in a preclinical model of Kcnq2 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Background: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) are rare but severe neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by early-onset seizures often combined with developmental delay, behavioural and cognitive deficits. Treatment for DEEs is currently limited to seizure control and provides no benefits to the patients' developmental and cognitive outcomes. Genetic variants are the most common cause of DEE with KCNQ2 being one of the most frequently identified disease-causing genes.

pH-responsive cationic guar gum-based multifunctional hydrogel with silver nanoenzymes: Combined photothermal antibacterial therapy and antioxidant properties for MRSA infected wound healing.

Managing wounds infected with multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria remains a significant public health challenge in clinical settings. While multifunctional hydrogels are commonly employed to treat skin infections, there is a scarcity of hydrogels that effectively combine cationic guar gum (CG) with both potent antimicrobial and safe therapeutic actions. This study introduces a novel pH responsive, dual-dynamically crosslinked hydrogel (CFC-PDA/Ag), synthesized by crosslinking CG with polydopamine (PDA)-coated silver nanozymes (PDA/PM-AgNPs).

Enhancing stability of fermented egg white gels: Influence of guar and xanthan gum addition order during yogurt-like fermentation.

Egg white gels prepared through fermentation, similar to yogurt production, offer a high-protein, zero-fat alternative to traditional dairy products. This study investigated the impact of guar gum (GG) and xanthan gum (XG) as rheological modifiers on the stability of fermented egg white gels. Rheological analysis revealed that the addition of both gums significantly influenced gel properties, with XG demonstrating superior performance.

Discovery and development of INNA-051, a TLR2/6 agonist for the prevention of complications resulting from viral respiratory infections.

Viral respiratory infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The diversity of viruses implicated, coupled with their propensity for mutation, ignited an interest in host-directed antiviral therapies effective across a wide range of viral variants. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are potential targets for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals given their central role in host immune defenses.