Human and entomological determinants of malaria transmission in the Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea, located in an area with high burden of malaria and hosting a large mining operation, offer a unique opportunity to study transmission. There, we investigated human and vector factors influencing malaria transmission.

Methods: In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,914 individuals assessing malaria prevalence through rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), microscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Exploring data literacy self-perception among Indonesian high school students.

Data is becoming increasingly ubiquitous today, and data literacy has emerged an essential skill in the workplace. Therefore, it is necessary to equip high school students with data literacy skills in order to prepare them for further learning and future employment. In Indonesia, there is a growing shift towards integrating data literacy in the high school curriculum.

A mutant ASXL1-BAP1-EHMT complex contributes to heterochromatin dysfunction in clonal hematopoiesis and chronic monomyelocytic leukemia.

is one of the three most frequently mutated genes in age-related clonal hematopoiesis (CH), alongside and (. CH can progress to myeloid malignancies including chronic monomyelocytic leukemia (CMML) and is also strongly associated with inflammatory cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in humans. DNMT3A and TET2 regulate DNA methylation and demethylation pathways, respectively, and loss-of-function mutations in these genes reduce DNA methylation in heterochromatin, allowing derepression of silenced elements in heterochromatin.

Endonuclease G promotes hepatic mitochondrial respiration by selectively increasing mitochondrial tRNA production.

Mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG) contributes to chromosomal degradation when it is released from mitochondria during apoptosis. It is presumed to also have a mitochondrial function because EndoG deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which EndoG regulates mitochondrial function is not known.

Investigating the point prevalence, types, severity, causes and predictors of vaccines administration errors during COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan.

Background: There is a paucity of research regarding COVID-19 vaccines administration errors (VAEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, types, severity, causes and predictors of VAEs in Jordan during the recent pandemic.

Method: This was a 3-day (Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday of the third week of November 2021) prospective, covert observational point prevalence study.

Polygyny and intimate partner violence among married women: Sub-national estimates from a cross-sectional study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global issue with several social and health consequences. Global estimates indicate that one-third of women have experienced lifetime IPV. In 2013, sub-Saharan Africa recorded the highest rates of IPV.

The mental health impact of climate change on Pacific Islanders: A systematic review focused on sea level rise and extreme weather events.

Objective: This systematic review investigates the impact of climate change on the mental health of Pacific Island Nations (PINs), with a focus on identifying culturally tailored interventions and appropriate research methodologies to address these impacts.

Method: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature up to May 18, 2024, was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol and the Population, Interest Area, and Context (PICo) framework. Empirical studies on the impact of climate change on mental health in PINs were evaluated by using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD).

Examining the Impact of a Brief Compassion Focused Intervention on Everyday Experiences of Compassion in Autistic Adults Through Psychophysiology and Experience Sampling.

Autistic adults experience greater rates of anxiety and depression compared to the general population. Compassion-focused therapy interventions, aimed at promoting self-compassion capabilities, have shown efficacy in improving mental health outcomes in autistic and non-autistic samples suffering from self-criticism that contribute to difficulties in emotion regulation. We explored the experiences of autistic adults during a brief one-week online self-compassion exercise to evaluate it's feasibility and acceptability through self-report, experience sampling, and parasympathetic activity measured via HRV.

The Association Between Street Construction Projects and Community Violence in New York City.

Community violence is a major cause of injury and death in the USA. Empirical studies have identified that some place-based interventions of urban private places, such as remediations of vacant lots and buildings, are associated with reductions in community violence in surrounding areas. The aim of this study was to examine whether routine maintenance and repair of urban public places (e.

Current approaches to the surgical management of Crohn's disease in Australia and New Zealand.

Purpose: Given the evolving literature regarding the optimal surgical approach to mitigate post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD), this survey study aimed to elucidate the practices and preferences of colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) in their surgical management of CD.

Methods: Colorectal surgical consultants and fellows (n = 337) registered with the Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSSANZ) were invited by email in April 2022 to participate in a cross-sectional survey consisting of basic demographics and 12 questions relating to their usual surgical practice and preferred operative strategy.

Results: A total of 135 responses were received (39.

Fractionated low-dose radiotherapy primes the tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy in a murine mesothelioma model.

Combination immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab and ipilimumab) are currently a first-line treatment for mesothelioma; however, not all patients respond. The efficacy of treatment is influenced by the tumor microenvironment. Murine mesothelioma tumors were irritated with various radiotherapy doses.

Entropy generation and water conservation in the mammalian nephron.

During the transition from fresh waters to terrestrial habitats, significant adaptive changes occurred in kidney function of vertebrates to cope with varying osmotic challenges. We investigated the mechanisms driving water conservation in the mammalian nephron, focusing on the relative contributions of active ion transport and Starling forces. We constructed a thermodynamic model to estimate the entropy generation associated with different processes within the nephron, and analyzed their relative importance in urine formation.

Cardiovascular effects of tirzepatide.

Tirzepatide is a first-in-class dual agonist at receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) for the treatment of T2D and obesity with unprecedented efficacy for glycaemic control and reductions in body weight as well as improvements in blood pressure and lipid profile compared with placebo and GLP-1 receptor agonists. To date, clinical trials of tirzepatide have fulfilled the requirement by regulatory authorities of demonstrated cardiovascular safety in high-risk patients. Whether cardiovascular benefits will be found with dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists remains uncertain, and the contribution of GIP receptor activation to cardiovascular risk has not been established.

Effects of sex on imaging-based intravenous thrombolysis for ischaemic stroke with unknown onset time: a pooled analysis of clinical trials.

Introduction: The effects of imaging-based intravenous thrombolysis on outcomes based on patient sex remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether outcomes among patients with stroke with an unknown onset time and treated with imaging-based intravenous thrombolysis are influenced by their sex.

Patients And Methods: This study was a pooled analysis of individual patient-level data acquired from the Evaluation of unknown Onset Stroke thrombolysis trials.

Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy versus health education for sleep disturbance and fatigue following stroke and traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Evaluate efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for sleep and fatigue adapted for brain injury relative to health education control in alleviating sleep disturbance and fatigue after acquired brain injury.

Design: Parallel groups randomized controlled trial.

Subjects: 126 community dwelling adults with stroke or traumatic brain injury.

Exploring adolescents' experiences navigating the intersection of their gender, sport, and dietary identities: an interpretative phenomenological study.

Not all adolescents have positive sport experiences. Research has repeatedly identified ties between unfavorable eating patterns and food beliefs (i.e.

Late erosion of an Adjustable Transobturator Male System (ATOMS) device.

Introduction: This report describes late erosion of an Adjustable Transobturator Male System device which was inserted for post-prostatectomy incontinence. The Adjustable Transobturator Male System device eroded the bulbar urethra 5 years post insertion, despite initial improvement of symptoms.

Case Presentation: Following an open radical retropubic prostatectomy, a 64 year-old male patient developed post-prostatectomy incontinence.

A group version of the OurRelationship program within residential substance use treatment: preliminary evidence for improving responses to romantic relationship conflict for those dealing with substance misuse.

The aim of this study was to pilot an adapted version of an online relationships program with residents in treatment for alcohol and other drugs (AOD). The OurRelationship (OR) Program, which is based on Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy, was piloted in a group-based format to determine whether residents' participation in the program would result in decreases in residents' destructive responses and increases in constructive responses to relationship conflict scenarios as well as reductions in negative affect experienced during these conflict scenarios. Residents ( = 104) across six residential facilities participated in the pilot over 4 weeks.

Management of psoriasis in women 18 to 45 years of age in Australia and Japan: insights from patient and dermatologist surveys.

Background: A psoriasis (PSO) diagnosis may pose specific treatment challenges for women of childbearing age (WoCBA) who are considering pregnancy, are pregnant, or have just given birth.

Objective: To report perspectives of WoCBA with PSO regarding pregnancy and dermatologists about the disease management of these women in Australia and Japan.

Methods: Online surveys were completed by women aged 18 to 45 years who were pregnant within the past 5 years with moderate to severe PSO and dermatologists.

Evaluation of Thoracic Morphological Changes Using Chest CT in Patients with Congenital Pectus Carinatum Treated by the Modified Abramson Technique.

Background: The Pectus carinatum is an outward protrusion deformity of the sternum and adjacent costal cartilages. It is the second most common congenital deformity of the anterior chest wall, commonly occuring in adolescents.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate thoracic morphological changes using computed tomography (CT) imaging in patients with pectus carinatum treated via the modified Abramson technique at Viet Duc University Hospital from 2020 to 2023.

Biomarkers for immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.

Immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), significantly improving survival outcomes and offering renewed hope to patients with advanced disease. However, the majority of patients experience limited long-term benefits from immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) due to the development of primary or acquired immunotherapy resistance. Accurate predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy resistance are essential for individualising treatment strategies, improving survival outcomes, and minimising potential treatment-related harm.

Parents' practices, feelings, and support needs surrounding the development of food allergy literacy (FAL) in children before their transition to school.

Children's knowledge of food allergy and risk prevention, coined as food allergy literacy (FAL), can bolster their safety in schools. Addressing research gaps on this topic, especially, parents' role, the aim of this study was to investigate Australian parents' practices, feelings, and support needs relating to building children's FAL before their transition to school. Questionnaire data from 159 parents were analysed statistically to characterise the sample and explore the association between children's FAL, parent anxiety, and parent confidence in their child's ability to stay safe at school.

Postoperative Outcomes of Combined Phacovitrectomy for Epiretinal Membrane With a Concurrent Cataract vs Standalone Phacoemulsification for a Cataract.

To compare the postoperative outcomes after combined phacovitrectomy for epiretinal membrane and cataract (combined group) vs standalone phacoemulsification (control group). A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was performed. The primary outcomes were the refractive predictive error and mean absolute error expressed as the spherical equivalent.

The clinical use of dream content in modern psychiatry.

Objective: Though there is a rich psychoanalytic tradition investigating the content and phenomenology of dreams, the clinical use of this has fallen into widespread disuse. We have undertaken a narrative review of the clinical significance and utility of dream content.

Findings: Dream content may have useful clinical and prognostic value in a number of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, temporal lobe epilepsy, REM sleep behaviour disorder, dementia, the culture-bound syndrome of Latah, and substance use.