Identifying a therapeutic window of opportunity for people living with primary sclerosing cholangitis: Embryology and the overlap of inflammatory bowel disease with immune-mediated liver injury.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a variably progressive, fibrosis-causing autoimmune disorder of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts of unclear etiology. PSC is commonly (in 60%-90% of cases) associated with an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) like PSC-IBD and less commonly with an autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) like PSC-AIH or AIH-overlap disorder. Hepatologists and Gastroenterologists often consider these combined conditions as distinctly different from the classical forms in isolation.

IBD barriers across the continents: a continent-specific analysis - Australasia.

Australasia, encompassing Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea, has some of the highest prevalence's of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the world. The way IBD medicine is practiced varies between and within these countries. There are numerous shared issues of IBD care between Australia and New Zealand, whereas Papua New Guinea has its' own unique set of circumstances.

The role of metformin as a treatment for neuropsychiatric illness.

Advances in psychopharmacology have been significantly slower to evolve than in other disciplines of medicine and therefore investigation into novel therapeutic approaches is required. Additionally, concurrent metabolic conditions are prevalent among people with mental disorders. Metformin is a widely used hypoglycaemic agent that is now being studied for use beyond diabetes management.

Rare specimen identification in an un-integrated taxonomy: implications of DNA sequences from a Taiwanese (Mollusca, Philinidae).

Many species of the gastropod genus have been named from northeastern Asia but scanty descriptions based predominantly on shells make it difficult to determine which are valid. This, plus the sporadic anatomical and genetic information available for many of these species has led to what may be described as an un-integrated taxonomy. In this situation, it is generally preferable to postpone dissection of rare and unusual specimens until relevant diagnostic characters can be established in broader studies.

subgen. nov., the dancing leaf insects from Australia and Papua New Guinea with description of a new species (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae).

A new subgenus, , is described within Illiger, 1798 to accommodate three leaf insect species. One of the species included is newly described herein as Phyllium (Walaphyllium) lelantos from Papua New Guinea. This new subgenus of can be diagnosed by a following combination of features.

A position statement on screening and management of prediabetes in adults in primary care in Australia.

Prediabetes has a high prevalence, with early detection essential to facilitate optimal management to prevent the development of conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes can include impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and elevated HbA1c. This position statement outlines the approaches to screening and management of prediabetes in primary care.

The use of anterior subcutaneous internal fixation (INFIX) for treatment of pelvic ring injuries in major trauma patients, complications and outcomes.

Purpose: Pelvic anterior internal fixators (INFIX) are a relatively new alternative in the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures. The authors wanted to review the use of complications and outcomes of this method of pelvic fixation at our institution.

Method: Patients over the age of 18 who had an INFIX used in treatment of their pelvic ring injury were identified.

A story of data won, data lost and data re-found: the realities of ecological data preservation.

This paper discusses the process of retrieval and updating legacy data to allow on-line discovery and delivery. There are many pitfalls of institutional and non-institutional ecological data conservation over the long term. Interruptions to custodianship, old media, lost knowledge and the continuous evolution of species names makes resurrection of old data challenging.

Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of invasive versus conservative management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Introduction: Current management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is variable, with little evidence from randomised controlled trials to guide treatment. Guidelines emphasise intervention in many patients, which involves chest drain insertion, hospital admission and occasionally surgery. However, there is evidence that conservative management may be effective and safe, and it may also reduce the risk of recurrence.

External validation of the emergency department assessment of chest pain score accelerated diagnostic pathway (EDACS-ADP).

Objective: The emergency department assessment of chest pain score accelerated diagnostic pathway (EDACS-ADP) facilitates low-risk ED chest pain patients early to outpatient investigation. We aimed to validate this rule in a North American population.

Methods: We performed a retrospective validation of the EDACS-ADP using 763 chest pain patients who presented to St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada, between June 2000 and January 2003.

Concise Review: Functional Definition of Endothelial Progenitor Cells: A Molecular Perspective.

Unlabelled: : Since the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) almost 2 decades ago, there has been great hope in their use in treating chronic ischemic disease. Unfortunately, to date, many of the clinical trials using EPCs have been hampered by the lack of clear definition of this cell population. Attributes of a progenitor population are self-renewal and multipotentiality.

Early prediction of typical outcome and mild developmental delay for prioritisation of service delivery for very preterm and very low birthweight infants: a study protocol.

Introduction: Over 80% of very preterm (<32 weeks) and very low birthweight (<1500 g) infants will have either typical development (TD) or mild developmental delay (MDD) in multiple domains. As differentiation between TD and MDD can be difficult, infants with MDD often miss opportunities for intervention. For many clinicians, the ongoing challenge is early detection of MDD without over servicing the population.

Efficacy of OZ439 (artefenomel) against early Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage malaria infection in healthy volunteers.

Objectives: OZ439, or artefenomel, is an investigational synthetic ozonide antimalarial with similar potency, but a significantly improved pharmacokinetic profile, compared with artemisinins. We wished to measure key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of artefenomel in humans to guide the drug's further development as combination therapy in patients.

Patients And Methods: We tested artefenomel in the human induced blood-stage malaria (IBSM) model.

Successful vaginal delivery following spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage at term.

Spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage (SAH) is a rare event in the general population, estimated to be around 0.3-1.8%.

Linking Murine and Human Plasmodium falciparum Challenge Models in a Translational Path for Antimalarial Drug Development.

Effective progression of candidate antimalarials is dependent on optimal dosing in clinical studies, which is determined by a sound understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD). Recently, two important translational models for antimalarials have been developed: the NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ(-/-) (NSG) model, whereby mice are engrafted with noninfected and Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes, and the induced blood-stage malaria (IBSM) model in human volunteers. The antimalarial mefloquine was used to directly measure the PK/PD in both models, which were compared to previously published trial data for malaria patients.

The Impact of Mismatch Repair Status in Colorectal Cancer on the Decision to Treat With Adjuvant Chemotherapy: An Australian Population-Based Multicenter Study.

Background: Testing for mismatch repair (MMR) status in colorectal cancer (CRC) may provide useful prognostic and predictive information. We evaluated the impact of such testing on real-world practice regarding adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with resected CRC.

Patients And Methods: A total of 175 patients with stage II and III mismatch repair-deficient (MMRD) CRC were identified from an Australian population-based study of incident CRCs.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Oral Commensal Streptococcus oralis 89a with Interference Activity against Respiratory Pathogens.

We report the draft genome sequence of the oral commensal Streptococcus oralis 89a isolated from the throat of a healthy child during a streptococcal tonsillitis outbreak in Umeå, Sweden. S. oralis 89a was known to have interference activity against respiratory pathogens in which the colicin V was the potential bacteriocin-encoding gene.

Acute Inflammatory Response to Low-, Moderate-, and High-Load Resistance Exercise in Women With Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema.

Background Resistance exercise is emerging as a potential adjunct therapy to aid in the management of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). However, the mechanisms underlying the relationships between the acute and long-term benefits of resistance exercise on BCRL are not well understood. Purpose To examine the acute inflammatory response to upper-body resistance exercise in women with BCRL and to compare these effects between resistance exercises involving low, moderate, and high loads.

A real-time PCR assay for direct characterization of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae GyrA 91 locus associated with ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop a real-time PCR method for specific detection of the gonococcal GyrA amino acid 91 locus directly in clinical samples so as to predict Neisseria gonorrhoeae ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

Methods: The real-time PCR assay, GyrA91-PCR, was designed using two probes, one for detection of the WT S91 sequence and the other for detection of the S91F alteration. The performance of the assay was initially assessed using characterized N.

Draft Genome Sequences of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Staphylococcus aureus, Isolated from a Patient with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Staphylococcus aureus causing chronic rhinosinusitis. Whole-genome sequencing determined the B. pseudomallei as sequence type (ST) 1381 and the S.