Comparative main effects, mediators, and moderators of cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and emotional awareness and expression therapy for chronic spinal pain: Randomized controlled trial rationale and protocol.

Background: Chronic spinal (back/neck) pain is common and costly. Psychosocial treatments are available but have modest effects. Knowledge of treatment mechanisms (mediators and moderators) can be used to enhance efficacy.

Successful treatment of subinvolution of the placenta site with uterine artery embolisation, sparing the patient's fertility: A case report.

Subinvolution of the placental site can lead to severe post-partum haemorrhage, though it is a rare cause of the condition. Subinvolution of the placental site is an abnormal persistence of widely dilated uteroplacental spiral arteries in the absence of retained products of conception, and is associated with an increased risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. This report presents a case of an uneventful caesarean section that was followed by multiple presentations of major secondary post-partum haemorrhage, with a subsequent diagnosis of subinvolution of the placental site on histopathology.

Does fast running limit numerical variability of the vertebral column in rabbits and hares (Leporidae: Lagomorpha)?

In mammalian vertebral columns, locomotive ability is expected to be an evolutionary driver of variation in the number of vertebrae; in species evolved to run fast or have a flexible vertebral column, they generally have limited numerical variation and low occurrence of malformed vertebrae to maintain their running performance. Although this hypothesis is supported among species sharing similar locomotive constraints (e.g.

Energy-based modelling of single actin filament polymerization using bond graphs.

Bond graphs provide an energy-based methodology for modelling complex systems hierarchically; at the moment, the method allows biological systems with both chemical and electrical subsystems to be modelled. Herein, the bond graph approach is extended to include chemomechanical transduction thus extending the range of biological systems to be modelled. Actin filament polymerization and force generation is used as an example of chemomechanical transduction, and it is shown that the (transformer) bond graph component provides a practical, and conceptually simple, alternative to the Brownian ratchet approach of Peskin, Odell, Oster and Mogilner.

Investigating the role of goal motives in predicting bedtime procrastination using a daily diary study design: a registered report.

Objectives: Previous operationalisations of bedtime procrastination were incongruent with its definition. We addressed this gap in knowledge by testing a new operationalisation that incorporates the three necessary and sufficient conditions of bedtime procrastination. We investigate the motivational antecedents of bedtime procrastination in daily life with this new operationalisation.

The Banning of Engineered Stone in Australia: An Evidence-Based and Precautionary Policy.

On December 13, 2023, Australia became the first country to ban engineered stone. This material contains more than 80 percent crystalline silica, agglomerated with resins, metal oxides and other (potentially toxic) substances. Engineered stone has become a mass-market product since the late 1990s and has contributed to a worldwide resurgence of accelerated forms of silicosis and a notable incidence of systemic diseases.

Report of the 19th International Congress on Twin Studies, 26-28 September 2024, Assisi, Italy.

The International Society for Twin Studies (ISTS) held its 19th scientific congress in Assisi, Italy, from September 26 to 28, 2024. This prestigious event, which was the seventh joint meeting with the World Congress on Twin Pregnancy, brought together researchers from various fields, including psychology, biology and medicine. Representatives from ICOMBO (the International Consortium of Multiple Birth Organisations), which supports multiple-birth families worldwide, were also in attendance.

Remote assessment of exercise capacity in adults with chronic respiratory disease: Safety, reliability and acceptability.

Objectives: To assess the safety, reliability and acceptability of the modified incremental step test (MIST) supervised remotely via videoconferencing in adults with chronic respiratory disease.

Methods: Adults with chronic respiratory disease undertaking pulmonary rehabilitation were invited to undertake the MIST under two testing conditions: in-person supervision and remote supervision via video-conferencing. Test order was randomised.

The impact of universal mental health screening on stigma in primary schools.

Background: Primary school students struggling with mental health are less likely than high school students to access mental health care, due to barriers such as mental health stigma and low mental health literacy among children and parents. The near universal reach of schools offers a potential avenue to increase access to mental health care through early identification. The potential risks of this approach also need to be understood.

Optimisation of low and ultra-low dose scanning protocols for ultra-extended field of view PET in a real-world clinical setting.

True total-body and extended axial field-of-view (AFOV) PET/CT with 1m or more of body coverage are now commercially available and dramatically increase system sensitivity over conventional AFOV PET/CT. The Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra (Quadra), with an AFOV of 106cm, potentially allows use of significantly lower administered radiopharmaceuticals as well as reduced scan times. The aim of this study was to optimise acquisition protocols for routine clinical imaging with FDG on the Quadra the prioritisation of reduced activity given physical infrastructure constraints in our facility.

From research to practice: bridging the implementation gap on the use of tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty.

Background: The use of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has been shown to effectively reduce total blood loss and transfusion rates in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this paper is to evaluate the implementation lag and clinical uptake of the use of TXA for primary TKA after publication of two landmark studies. Additionally, it assessed the efficacy of TXA use in TKA in reducing post-operative blood transfusions and hospital length of stay (LOS).

The psychometric properties of the child anxiety and depression life interference scale (CADLIS).

Objective: Life interference is a key diagnostic feature for anxiety and depressive disorders. Measures focusing on life interference caused by anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents have received minimal attention. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Child Anxiety and Depression Life Interference Scale (CADLIS), a brief child (CADLIS-C) and parent-report (CADLIS-P) measure designed to assess life interference from anxiety and depressive disorders in both the child and parent's life.

Perceived healthiness of sugary drinks and related social norms among adults in five countries: evidence from the International Food Policy Study.

Background: A better understanding of correlates of sugary drink consumption is essential to inform public health interventions. This study examined differences in perceived healthiness of sugary drinks and related social norms between countries, over time, and sociodemographic groups and associations with sugary drink intake.

Methods: This study used annual cross-sectional data from the International Food Policy Study from 2018 to 2021 in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Mexico.

Association between early dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health at age 8: a confirmatory analysis of the European Childhood Obesity Project.

Background & Aim: Metabolic and cardiovascular health outcomes are strongly influenced by diet. Dietary habits established in early childhood may persist into adulthood. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns at both 2 and 8 years of age, explaining the maximum variability of high- and low-quality fats, sugars, and fibre, and cardiometabolic markers at age 8 years.

The impact of digital literacy in enhancing individuals' health in China.

Background: Health is the cornerstone of individual well-being and a vital factor in socioeconomic development. In an increasingly digitalized world, digital literacy has emerged as one of the indispensable abilities, which not only pertains to an individual's capacity to acquire, analyze, evaluate, and utilize information but also profoundly influences their health behaviours, health decisions, and overall well-being. This paper uses the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data to explore digital literacy's impact on individuals' health.

The association between 24-h movement behaviours and adiposity among Australian preschoolers: a compositional data analysis.

Introduction: The relationship between 24-h movement behaviours (i.e. sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity) and adiposity in preschoolers remains unclear.

Determinants of rural practice among a cohort of dental professionals in Australia.

Background: Most research on tracking practice locations of health students has focused on medical students, particularly the factors influencing their choice to work in rural and remote areas. However, there is limited research on how rural origin and training in regional or rural settings affect the employment destinations of dental and oral health graduates. This paper explores the practice locations of dentistry and oral health therapy (OHT) graduates from rural backgrounds compared to those from metropolitan areas in Australia.

Solving unknown primary cancer with earlier diagnosis - the SUPER-ED trial: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial to support earlier diagnosis for people presenting with malignancy of undefined primary origin.

Background: People with malignancy of undefined primary origin (MUO) have a poor prognosis and may undergo a protracted diagnostic workup causing patient distress and high cancer related costs. Not having a primary diagnosis limits timely site-specific treatment and access to precision medicine. There is a need to improve the diagnostic process, and healthcare delivery and support for these patients.

Quinone extraction drives atmospheric carbon monoxide oxidation in bacteria.

Diverse bacteria and archaea use atmospheric CO as an energy source for long-term survival. Bacteria use [MoCu]-CO dehydrogenases (Mo-CODH) to convert atmospheric CO to carbon dioxide, transferring the obtained electrons to the aerobic respiratory chain. However, it is unknown how these enzymes oxidize CO at low concentrations and interact with the respiratory chain.

Increased plasma DOPA decarboxylase levels in Lewy body disorders are driven by dopaminergic treatment.

DOPA Decarboxylase (DDC) has been proposed as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker with increased concentrations in Lewy body disorders (LBDs) and highest levels in patients receiving dopaminergic treatment. Here we evaluate plasma DDC, measured by proximity extension assay, and the effect of dopaminergic treatment in three independent LBD (with a focus on dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD)) cohorts: an autopsy-confirmed cohort (n = 71), a large multicenter, cross-dementia cohort (n = 1498) and a longitudinal cohort with detailed treatment information (n = 66, median follow-up time[IQR] = 4[4, 4] years). Plasma DDC was not altered between different LBDs and other disease groups or controls in absence of treatment.

Precession modulates the poleward expansion of atmospheric circulation to the Arctic Ocean.

Under sustained global warming, Arctic climate is projected to become more responsive to changes in North Pacific meridional heat transport as a result of teleconnections between low and high latitudes, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we reconstruct subarctic humidity changes over the past 400 kyr to investigate the role of low-to-high latitude interactions in regulating Arctic hydroclimate. Our reconstruction is based on precipitation-driven sediment input variations in the Subarctic North Pacific (SANP), which reveal a strong precessional cycle in subarctic humidity under the relatively low eccentricity variations that dominated the past four glacial-interglacial cycles.