Barriers and enablers to measuring resting metabolic rate in the high-performance sporting system: A qualitative exploratory study.

Measurements of resting metabolic rate (RMR) may be undertaken for dietary planning purposes or to assess for low energy availability (LEA). This study investigated barriers and enablers to measuring RMR in real-world, high-performance sport environments. Twelve interviews were conducted with technicians ( = 6 dietitians,  = 6 physiologists) employed across six National Institute Networks, two National Sporting Organisations and one professional sporting code.

'Changing People's Hearts': The Lived Expertise Perspective of Communicating With Nursing Students at a Mental Health Clinical Placement.

Escalating rates of mental illness emphasise the necessity for sufficient and appropriate mental health services. However, stigma and discrimination remain and can be seen through the multifaceted ways nurses communicate. Clinical placements, where nursing students engage directly with individuals experiencing mental illness, are vital for addressing these challenges by fostering empathy and reducing stigma.

Fetal Corpus Callosum Anomalies: A Review of Underlying Genetic Disorders and Prenatal Testing Options.

Anomalies of the corpus callosum (CC) are amongst the most common fetal Central Nervous System (CNS) anomalies detectable on ultrasound. Underlying genetic disease plays an important part in defining prognosis. Associations with aneuploidy and submicroscopic chromosomal deletions or duplications have been well demonstrated using chromosomal microarray analysis.

TMS in major depression: A retrospective naturalistic study including two subjective tools.

Objective: To report the outcomes of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment of patients with acute major depressive disorder (MDD), with particular attention to the performance of the individual assessment tools, including two new subjective mood scales.

Methods: Patients with MDD were treated with up to 35 daily TMS sessions. Objective quantification of mood utilised the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D6) and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S).

Outcomes of a fledgling public dermatology clinic in rural Australia.

There is paucity of research available regarding the epidemiological characteristics of patients attending dermatology outpatient services in rural Australia. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients attending a public dermatology clinic established at Dubbo Base Hospital in rural New South Wales. The broad range of dermatological presentations encountered, coupled with the brisk uptake of services by remote patients, highlights the ongoing need for specialist dermatology services in underserved rural communities.

Nurse-Led/Involved Home-Based Interventions for Older Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

Aims: To determine the effectiveness of nurse-led/involved home-based interventions for older people with COPD and to explore the experiences of older people and nurses with the interventions.

Design: A mixed-methods systematic review following the JBI methodology for mixed-methods systematic reviews.

Data Sources: The search included relevant and peer-reviewed studies published from January 2010 to December 2023 in CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, EMBASE, JBI, EMCARE and ProQuest.

Framing Person-Centred Leadership in Residential Care: A Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Aged-Care Clinical Leadership Qualities Framework.

Aim: To cross-culturally adapt a framework for person-centred leadership in residential care for older people in Sweden.

Design: This study has an exploratory and descriptive design.

Methods: The translation procedure followed a cyclic process of translation into Swedish and back-translation into English by two independent bilingual linguists.

Models of Care for Older People: A Scoping Review.

Background: International recognition of the increasing importance of care for older people has seen growing interest in models of care for older people. Yet there is limited information about the scope and breadth of models of care for older people. This article clarifies what is known about models of care for older people by summarizing relevant publications, describing the models depicted in these publications, and synthesizing the outcomes and impact presented in the publications.

Application of Whole-Exome Sequencing in the Genetic Diagnosis of Prenatal Ultrasound Abnormalities.

Prenatal diagnosis is a crucial tool in reducing birth defects. Research indicates that whole-exome sequencing (WES) is particularly effective for detecting abnormalities associated with structural ultrasound findings. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of WES in the genetic diagnosis of prenatal ultrasound abnormalities.

Electrochemical Fluorination of Organic Compounds Using a Hexafluorosilicate Salt as an Inexpensive and Widely Available Fluorine Source.

The introduction of fluorine into organic molecules is of the utmost importance in the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). While a wide range of fluorine sources for organic synthesis have been used over the past decades, the associated safety risks, cost, or environmental impact are still serious limitations. Hexafluorosilicate salts are one of the most inexpensive and readily available sources of nucleophilic fluorine, but they have so far not been used in organic synthesis.

Cre-Lox miRNA-delivery technology optimized for inducible microRNA and gene-silencing studies in zebrafish.

While many genetic tools exist for zebrafish, this animal model still lacks robust gene-silencing and microRNA-delivery technologies enabling spatio-temporal control and traceability. We have recently demonstrated that engineered pri-miR backbones can trigger stable gene knockdown and/or express microRNA(s) of choice in this organism. However, this miRNA-expressing technology presents important limitations.

Temperature Effects in Conventional and RAFT Photopolymerization.

Photochemical processes are often thought to be temperature-independent. However, photochemical polymerization involves photochemical processes such as light-driven radical generation coupled with thermal-driven reactions such as monomer propagation. The apparent activation energy of propagation, ( ), of a series of three monomers, methyl acrylate (MA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and styrene (STY), are deduced from Arrhenius analysis of conventional and RAFT photopolymerization of these monomers across a range of corresponding temperatures.

Magnitude of Depression and Associated Factors in Women Living With HIV in Northwest, Ethiopia: Mediation Analysis.

Depression in women living with HIV (WLWHIV), is one of the most common public health concerns worldwide. Depression has a negative impact on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, quality of life, poor HIV treatment outcomes, and mortality. However, there is a paucity of evidence in low-income countries such as Ethiopia in WLWHIV.

Identifying the Factors That Drive Health Service Utilization Among Healthy and Non-Healthy Agers in a Sample of Older Ethiopians: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Population aging is associated with the rising incidence of chronic illness. This presents a significant challenge to healthcare systems, particularly in developing countries, as untreated chronic conditions can lead to years of disability and loss of independence straining health budgets and resources. Promoting healthy aging can be one avenue for mitigating these challenges.

Comparative Analysis of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals During the Delta Variant Surge in a Tertiary Care Center: A Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. The spread of the Delta variant of coronavirus started in June 2021 and accounted for the fifth peak of COVID-19 in Iran in July 2021. According to reports from other countries, vaccination protects against severe diseases caused by COVID-19, including the Delta variant.

Burden of mental disorders and risk factors in the Western Pacific region from 1990 to 2021.

Background: The burden of mental disorders (MD) in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) remains a critical public health concern, with substantial variations across demographics and countries.

Aim: To analyze the burden of MD in the WPR from 1990 to 2021, along with associated risk factors, to reveal changing trends and emerging challenges.

Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021, analyzing prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of MD from 1990 to 2021.

adapted to steppe-desert climate extremes one million years ago.

Questions about when early members of the genus adapted to extreme environments like deserts and rainforests have traditionally focused on . Here, we present multidisciplinary evidence from Engaji Nanyori in Tanzania's Oldupai Gorge, revealing that thrived in hyperarid landscapes one million years ago. Using biogeochemical analyses, precise chronometric dating, palaeoclimate simulations, biome modeling, fire history reconstructions, palaeobotanical studies, faunal assemblages, and archeological evidence, we reconstruct an environment dominated by semidesert shrubland.

Nanofiltration Membranes for Efficient Lithium Extraction from Salt-Lake Brine: A Critical Review.

The global transition to clean energy technologies has escalated the demand for lithium (Li), a critical component in rechargeable Li-ion batteries, highlighting the urgent need for efficient and sustainable Li extraction methods. Nanofiltration (NF)-based separations have emerged as a promising solution, offering selective separation capabilities that could advance resource extraction and recovery. However, an NF-based lithium extraction process differs significantly from conventional water treatment, necessitating a paradigm shift in membrane materials design, performance evaluation metrics, and process optimization.

Slow-Release Pharmaceutical Implants in Ecotoxicology: Validating Functionality across Exposure Scenarios.

Pharmaceutical contaminants have spread in natural environments across the globe, endangering biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and public health. Research on the environmental impacts of pharmaceuticals is growing rapidly, although a majority of studies are still conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. As such, there is an urgent need to understand the impacts of pharmaceutical exposures on wildlife in complex, real-world scenarios.

Enhancing Farm Dams Increases Tadpole Abundance.

Understanding how agricultural and land management practices affect amphibian biodiversity is essential for conservation efforts in farmland. We investigated the impact of farm dam enhancement on tadpole abundance and growth in a highly modified farming landscape in south-eastern Australia. We completed detailed surveys on 52 farm dams (artificial ponds or agricultural reservoirs).

Improving the Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Genetically Confirmed Adult-Onset Huntington Disease: Considering Nonmotor Presentations.

Background: Huntington disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder. Given the focus on motor manifestations, nonmotor symptoms are frequently underappreciated in clinical evaluations, despite frequently contributing to primary functional impairment.

Recent Findings: A diagnosis of motor-onset as the definition of manifest symptoms misrepresents the complex nature of HD presentation.

The first engkabang jantong () genome survey data.

The engkabang jantong () is one of the most indispensable tree species for reforestation due to its high survival rate and rapid growth rate. Due to relatively low genetic interest of this tree species, its genomic landscape has since faced scarcity, impeding our further elucidation on genes that are involved in expressing its aforementioned superior properties. In this study, we performed genome survey and microsatellite analysis of engkabang jantong.

Genomic regions associated with spot blotch resistance in elite barley breeding populations.

Unlabelled: Spot blotch (SB), a prevalent foliar disease of barley, is caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen . Predominately occurring in humid growing regions worldwide, SB can result in yield losses of up to 30%. Genetic resistance remains the most effective strategy for disease management; however, most Australian barley cultivars exhibit susceptibility despite the previous identification of major resistance loci.

The CD123 antibody-drug conjugate pivekimab sunirine exerts profound activity in preclinical models of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combining monoclonal antibodies with cytotoxic payloads are a rapidly emerging class of immune-based therapeutics with the potential to improve the treatment of cancer, including children with relapse/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). CD123, the α subunit of the interleukin-3 receptor, is overexpressed in ALL and is a potential therapeutic target. Here, we show that pivekimab sunirine (PVEK), a recently developed ADC comprising the CD123-targeting antibody, G4723A, and the cytotoxic payload, DGN549, was highly effective in vivo against a large panel of pediatric ALL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models ( = 39).

Exploring perceived barriers and attitudes in young adults towards antidepressant pharmacotherapy, including the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing to optimize prescription practices.

Introduction: The field of pharmacogenetics (PGx) is experiencing significant growth, with increasing evidence to support its application in psychiatric care, suggesting its potential to personalize treatment plans, optimize medication efficacy, and reduce adverse drug reactions. However, the perceived utility and practicability of PGx for psychiatric treatment in youth remains underexplored. This study investigated perceived barriers and attitudes in Australian young adults towards the implementation of PGx testing to guide antidepressant treatment in primary care.