67 results match your criteria: "Australia (A.J.M.); and University of Sheffield (Emeritus)[Affiliation]"
Nutrition Interventions in the Treatment of Endometriosis: A Scoping Review.
J Hum Nutr Diet
February 2025
Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Background: Pain, poor quality of life (QOL) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are commonly experienced by individuals with endometriosis. Although diet and nutrition supplements are frequently used to manage endometriosis-related symptoms, there is limited understanding of the breadth and quality of research in this field. Our aim was to undertake a scoping review of diet and nutrition supplement intervention studies in people with endometriosis, diagnosed by ultrasound or surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpecial Report on the Consensus QIBA Profile for Objective Analytical Validation of Non-calcified and High-risk Plaque and Other Biomarkers using Computed Tomography Angiography.
Acad Radiol
December 2024
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (U.J.S.).
Rationale And Objectives: Evidence is building in support of the clinical utility of atherosclerotic plaque imaging by computed tomography angiography (CTA). There is increasing organized activity to embrace non-calcified plaque (NCP) as a formally defined biomarker for clinical trials, and high-risk plaque (HRP) for clinical care, as the most relevant measures for the field to advance and worthy of community efforts to validate. Yet the ability to assess the quantitative performance of any given specific solution to make these measurements or classifications is not available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBaseline biomarkers of efficacy and on-treatment immune-profile changes associated with bempegaldesleukin plus nivolumab.
NPJ Precis Oncol
July 2024
Université Paris Cité, Dermato-Oncology and CIC AP-HP Hôpital Saint Louis, Cancer Institute APHP, Nord-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
In PIVOT IO 001 (NCT03635983), the combination of the investigational interleukin-2 agonist bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG) with nivolumab (NIVO) had no added clinical benefit over NIVO monotherapy in unresectable/metastatic melanoma. Pre-defined baseline and on-treatment changes in selected biomarkers were analyzed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the clinical observations. In each treatment arm, higher baseline tumor mutational burden or immune infiltration/inflammation was associated with improved efficacy compared with lower levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeoadjuvant Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Resectable Stage III Melanoma.
N Engl J Med
November 2024
From the Departments of Medical Oncology (C.U.B., M.W.L., L.L.H., J.M.L., S.M.P., J.B.A.G.H., K.A.T.N., J.V.T., S.W., A.M.-E., I.L.M.R.), Pathology (B.A.W.), Biometrics (M.L.-Y., A.T.A., L.G.G.-O.), Surgical Oncology (W.J.H., A.M.J.K., A.C.J.A.), Head and Neck Surgery (W.M.C.K., C.L.Z.), Radiology (B.A.S.), and Molecular Oncology and Immunology (J.B.A.G.H.), Netherlands Cancer Institute, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam (A.J.M.E.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Medical Oncology (C.U.B., J.B.A.G.H., F.M.S., E.K.) and Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (C.L.Z.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Medical Oncology (K.A.T.N., R.C.S., A.A.M.V.), Surgical Oncology (D.J.G., R.C.S.), and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.A.M.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (S.B.V., K.P.M.S.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (R.R.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen (F.W.P.J.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (D.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Maxima Medical Center, Veldhoven (G.V.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht (M.J.B.A.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (M.A.M.S.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (M.J.B.-S.), the Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (G.A.P.H.), and Isala Oncology Center, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (J.-W.B.G.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (C.U.B.); Melanoma Institute Australia (R.A.S., A.M.M., R.P.M.S., N.G.M., M.G., S.N.L., A.S., T.E.P., K.F.S., R.V.R., S.C., J.S., M.A.R., A.C.J.A., M.S.C., G.V.L.), the Faculty of Medicine and Health (R.A.S., A.M.M., R.P.M.S., N.G.M., S.N.L., A.S., T.E.P., K.F.S., S.C., J.S., M.A.R., A.C.J.A., G.V.L.), and Charles Perkins Centre (R.A.S., G.V.L.), University of Sydney, the Departments of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology (R.A.S., R.V.R.) and Melanoma and Surgical Oncology (R.P.M.S., T.E.P., K.F.S., S.C., J.S., M.A.R., A.C.J.A.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology (R.A.S., R.V.R.), the Departments of Medical Oncology (A.M.M., G.V.L.) and Breast and Melanoma Surgery (A.S.), Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, and the Department of Radiology, Mater Hospital (R.K.), Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Institute of Academic Surgery, Camperdown, NSW (A.C.J.A.), the Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (D.E.G.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC (L.S., S.S.), Lake Macquarie Oncology, Lake Macquarie Private Hospital, the Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (A.W.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane (V.A.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA (M.K.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, and the Department of Medicine, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (M.C.A.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Westmead Hospital and Blacktown, Sydney (M.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Melanoma Clinic, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (J.B.A.G.H.); the Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., P.R.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (M.A.-A.), Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Dermato-Oncology and Clinical Investigation Center, Cancer Institute AP-HP, Nord Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 976, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris (C.L.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.) - all in France; the Department of Surgical Oncology, Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles (M.B.F.); and the Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy (P.A.A.).
Article Synopsis
- In a study comparing neoadjuvant (before surgery) and adjuvant (after surgery) immunotherapy for stage III melanoma, neoadjuvant treatment showed greater effectiveness.
- The trial involved random assignment of 423 patients to receive either two cycles of neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab followed by surgery, or surgery followed by 12 cycles of adjuvant nivolumab.
- Results indicated a significantly higher 12-month event-free survival rate in the neoadjuvant group (83.7%) compared to the adjuvant group (57.2%), with neoadjuvant therapy leading to better patient outcomes and more major pathological responses despite a higher incidence of severe adverse events.
Defining a Water-Soluble Formulation of Arachidonic Acid as a Novel Ferroptosis Inducer in Cancer Cells.
Biomolecules
May 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
Here, we describe GS-9, a novel water-soluble fatty acid-based formulation comprising L-lysine and arachidonic acid, that we have shown to induce ferroptosis. GS-9 forms vesicle-like structures in solution and mediates lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by increased C11-BODIPY fluorescence and an accumulation of toxic malondialdehyde, a downstream product of lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis inhibitors counteracted GS-9-induced cell death, whereas caspase 3 and 7 or MLKL knock-out cell lines are resistant to GS-9-induced cell death, eliminating other cell death processes such as apoptosis and necroptosis as the mechanism of action of GS-9.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of Baseline Left Atrial Size on Outcomes Following Catheter Ablation for AF in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction.
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol
May 2024
The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (L.S., D.C., H.S., L.-H.L., S.A., Z.N., A.V., P.M.K., S.P.).
Better kidney allograft survival despite higher-risk donor and recipient characteristics between 1995 and 2014.
Nephrol Dial Transplant
October 2024
Department of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Background And Hypothesis: Advances in organ procurement, surgical techniques, immunosuppression regimens, and prophylactic antibiotic therapies have dramatically improved kidney transplant graft failure. It is unclear how these interventions have affected longer-term graft failure. It is hypothesized that graft failure has improved over the last 20 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn intranasally delivered ultra-conserved siRNA prophylactically represses SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung and nasal cavity.
Antiviral Res
February 2024
Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Genomics and Personalized Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
There remains a striking overall mortality burden of COVID-19 worldwide. Given the waning effectiveness of current SARS-CoV-2 antivirals due to the rapid emergence of new variants of concern (VOC), we employed a direct-acting molecular therapy approach using gene silencing RNA interference (RNAi) technology. In this study, we developed and screened several ultra-conserved small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) before selecting one potent siRNA candidate for pre-clinical in vivo testing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDurable response after tisagenlecleucel in adults with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: ELARA trial update.
Blood
April 2024
Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Article Synopsis
- * The trial included 97 patients who received tisagenlecleucel, with significant estimated 24-month rates for progression-free survival (57.4%), duration of response (66.4%), and overall survival (87.7%).
- * Biomarker analysis indicated better outcomes correlated with low levels of exhausted T cells and higher levels of naïve T cells, confirming the treatment's durable efficacy and favorable safety profile.
Simvastatin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19.
N Engl J Med
December 2023
From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of simvastatin in critically ill Covid-19 patients compared to a control group not receiving statins.
- A total of 2684 patients were analyzed, showing a median of 11 organ support-free days in the simvastatin group versus 7 in the control group, with a high probability indicating simvastatin’s potential superiority.
- However, the study was halted due to decreasing Covid-19 cases, and while simvastatin had some benefits, it also led to more reported serious adverse effects, such as elevated liver enzymes.
Evinacumab for Pediatric Patients With Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
Circulation
January 2024
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY (S.A., J.M., S.B., P.B., R.T.G., B.H., R.P.).
Background: Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by severely elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels due to profoundly defective LDL receptor (LDLR) function. Given that severely elevated LDL-C starts in utero, atherosclerosis often presents during childhood or adolescence, creating a largely unmet need for aggressive LDLR-independent lipid-lowering therapies in young patients with HoFH. Here we present the first evaluation of the efficacy and safety of evinacumab, a novel LDLR-independent lipid-lowering therapy, in pediatric patients with HoFH from parts A and B of a 3-part study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvasive Endotyping in Patients With Angina and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Circulation
January 2024
West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, NHS Golden Jubilee, Glasgow, United Kingdom (N.P.S., R.S., A.J.M., C.P.B., M.M., M.B.M., C.B.).
Background: We investigated the usefulness of invasive coronary function testing to diagnose the cause of angina in patients with no obstructive coronary arteries.
Methods: Outpatients referred for coronary computed tomography angiography in 3 hospitals in the United Kingdom were prospectively screened. After coronary computed tomography angiography, patients with unobstructed coronary arteries, and who consented, underwent invasive endotyping.
High risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma microenvironments contain protumour immunophenotypes lacking specific immune checkpoints.
NPJ Precis Oncol
September 2023
Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) trials for intermediate high-risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have shown inconsistent results, suggesting that the immune cell types and their locations within the tumor environment are not ideal for ICI treatment.
- A study utilized spatial transcriptomics to analyze immune cells in tumor samples from ccRCC patients, identifying immune cell states that indicate a predominance of exhausted/pro-tumor cells in high-grade tumors without increased checkpoint gene expression.
- The findings indicate that while high-grade ccRCC tumors may be immunogenic, their immune profiles do not favor ICI therapies, highlighting the need for better understanding of tumor-infiltrating immune cells to improve treatment outcomes.
Predicting the Outcome of Equine Artificial Inseminations Using Chilled Semen.
Animals (Basel)
March 2023
Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
This study aimed to determine whether an analysis of stallion ejaculate could accurately predict the likelihood of pregnancy resulting from artificial insemination in mares. This study involved 46 inseminations of 41 mares, using 7 standardbred stallions over a 5-week period at an Australian pacing stud. Semen quality was assessed immediately after collection and again after chilling at ~5 °C for 24 h.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention in Transplant Recipients.
N Engl J Med
March 2023
From the Department of Dermatology, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (N.C.A., V.A.S., A.D.G., A.C.C., D.L.D.), the NHMRC (National Health and Medical Research Council) Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney (A.J.M., R.E.), and the Department of Renal Medicine (S.J.C.) and the A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre (D.G.B.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, the Skin Health Institute, Carlton, VIC (A.H.C., K.J.A., R.B.D., B.P.M., T.K.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW (P.F.-P.), the Department of Dermatology, the Alfred Hospital (D.G., A.D.G., J.N.), the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Health (C.M.), and the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A. Landgren), Melbourne, VIC, the Department of Dermatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.S., C.A., B.W., B.S.), and South Australia Pathology (J.I.), Adelaide, SA, the Department of Dermatology, University of New South Wales at St. Vincent's Hospital (V.L.P., N.D.R., T.S.), NSW Health Pathology (C.A.M., R.A.S.), the Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.A.M., R.A.S.), Faculty of Medicine and Health (R.A.S., J.L.V., D.G.B.), Melanoma Institute Australia (R.A.S., D.L.D.), Charles Perkins Centre (R.A.S., S.J.C.), and the Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-Making (H.M.D., J.L.V.), University of Sydney, and the Liver Immunology Program, the Centenary Institute, University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (D.G.B.), Sydney, the Departments of Dermatology (L.A.B., H.S., A.D., A.T., H.G., H.A.E.) and Pathology (A.D.), Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Griffith University Medical School (L.A.B.), and the School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast (A.D.), Birtinya, QLD, the Department of Dermatology, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (A. Lim), the Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC (E.U., B.J.D., Y.K., K.S., Z.M.L.), the Dermatology Research Centre, Diamantina Institute, the University of Queensland (H.S., H.A.E.), and the Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital (H.A.E.), Woolloongabba, QLD, Melbourne Pathology, Sonic Healthcare, Collingwood, VIC (S.P.), Southern.IML Pathology, Sonic Healthcare, Coniston, NSW (A. Lochhead), Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW (A. Lochhead), the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston (A.T.), and the Department of Medicine, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, and Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW (J.L.V.) - all in Australia.
Background: Immunosuppressed organ-transplant recipients have an increased incidence of, and mortality from, skin cancer. Nicotinamide (vitamin B) enhances the repair of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced DNA damage, reduces the cutaneous immunosuppressive effects of UV radiation, and reduces the incidence of keratinocyte cancers (including squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinomas) and actinic keratoses among high-risk immunocompetent patients. Whether oral nicotinamide is useful for skin-cancer chemoprevention in organ-transplant recipients is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 24-Week, All-Oral Regimen for Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis.
N Engl J Med
December 2022
From the Public Health Department, Operational Center Amsterdam (OCA), Médecins sans Frontières, Amsterdam (B.-T.N., K.R.); the Public Health Department, OCA, Médecins sans Frontières (C.B., E.K., I.M.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (B.-T.N., M.D., D.A.J.M., K.F.), and University College London (T.D.M.) - all in London; the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Phthisiology and Pulmonology, Tashkent (N.P., I.L.), and the Republican Phthisiological Hospital No. 2, Nukus (Z.T.) - both in Uzbekistan; the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus (V.S.); THINK TB and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (R.M.), and Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg (N.N., M.R.) - both in South Africa; the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York (M.S.); and the Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.C.).
Background: In patients with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis, all-oral treatment regimens that are more effective, shorter, and have a more acceptable side-effect profile than current regimens are needed.
Methods: We conducted an open-label, phase 2-3, multicenter, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three 24-week, all-oral regimens for the treatment of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. Patients in Belarus, South Africa, and Uzbekistan who were 15 years of age or older and had rifampin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy or Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma.
N Engl J Med
December 2022
From the Division of Medical Oncology (M.W.R., M.H.G.F., M.K., J.S.W.B., J.V.T., C.U.B., A.M.-E., S.K., S.W., J.B.A.G.H.), the BioTherapeutics Unit, Hospital Pharmacy (J.H. van den Berg, C.N., M.Z., S.S.), the Divisions of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (B.N., J.H. Beijnen), Molecular Oncology and Immunology (I.J., T.N.S., J.B.A.G.H.), Biometrics (R.K., L.D.V.W., M. van Dijk, L.G.G.-O., L.H.M.V., A.T.A., H.T.), Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology (R.M.T.H., V.P.R., W.H.H.), Radiology (F.L.), and Surgical Oncology (A.C.J.A., W.J.H., M.W.J.M.W.), Netherlands Cancer Institute, the Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory (M.H., C.V.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (A.J.M.E.), Amsterdam, the Department of Healthcare Innovation and Evaluation, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.M.T.H.), the Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University (K.P.M.S.), Trial and Data Center, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology (H.T.), and Oncode Institute (T.N.S.), Utrecht, the Department of Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente (V.P.R.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Spectrum Twente (D.P.), Enschede, the Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam (A.A.M.V.), the Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (G.A.P.H.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (M.A.M.S.-B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (M.J.B.A.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Isala, Zwolle (J.-W.B.G.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven (G.V.), the Departments of Medical Oncology (E.K.), Biomedical Data Sciences (M.W.J.M.W.), Hematology (T.N.S.), and Clinical Oncology (J.B.A.G.H.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (M.J.B.-S.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (W.E.F.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen (F.W.P.J.B.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (T.H.B., Ö.M., J.S.G., I.M.N., T.J.M., R.B.H., E.E., M. Donia, I.M.S.), and the Department of Plastic Surgery (L.R.H.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Melanoma Institute Australia, the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital - all in Sydney (A.C.J.A.).
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies have dramatically improved outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma, but approximately half these patients will not have a durable benefit. Phase 1-2 trials of adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have shown promising responses, but data from phase 3 trials are lacking to determine the role of TILs in treating advanced melanoma.
Methods: In this phase 3, multicenter, open-label trial, we randomly assigned patients with unresectable stage IIIC or IV melanoma in a 1:1 ratio to receive TIL or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 therapy (ipilimumab at 3 mg per kilogram of body weight).
Novel Formulation of Undecylenic Acid induces Tumor Cell Apoptosis.
Int J Mol Sci
November 2022
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Undecylenic acid, a fatty acid used as a topical antifungal, shows potential as an anti-cancer agent through a new formulation called GS-1, combined with L-Arginine.
- This formulation causes tumor cell death in a dose-dependent manner by activating apoptotic mechanisms, indicated by changes in mitochondrial function.
- GS-1 specifically targets lipid droplets within cells, countering previous findings that suggested these droplets protect against fatty acid toxicity, highlighting the role of Fatty Acid Transport Protein 2 (FATP2) in its uptake and action.
Neonatal Docosahexaenoic Acid in Preterm Infants and Intelligence at 5 Years.
N Engl J Med
October 2022
From SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (J.F.G., M.M., R.A.G., T.R.S., A.J.M., K.P.B., J.M.B., C.T.C.), the Schools of Medicine (J.F.G., M.M., A.J.M., K.P.B., C.T.C.), Psychology (J.F.G.), Agriculture, Food, and Wine (R.A.G.), and Public Health (T.R.S.), University of Adelaide, and the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital (A.J.M.), Adelaide, SA, Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital (J.L.Y.C., P.G.D., L.W.D.), the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (P.J.A., J.L.Y.C., P.G.D., L.W.D.), and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.L.Y.C., P.G.D., L.W.D.) and Paediatrics (L.W.D.), University of Melbourne, the School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University (P.J.A.), and the Department of Paediatrics, Mercy Hospital for Women (G.F.O.), Melbourne, VIC, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA (M.S.), Newborn Medicine, Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA (M.S., K.S.), and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW (J.T.) - all in Australia.
Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a component of neural tissue. Because its accretion into the brain is greatest during the final trimester of pregnancy, infants born before 29 weeks' gestation do not receive the normal supply of DHA. The effect of this deficiency on subsequent cognitive development is not well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActionable secondary findings following exome sequencing of 836 non-obstructive azoospermia cases and their value in patient management.
Hum Reprod
June 2022
Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Study Question: What is the load, distribution and added clinical value of secondary findings (SFs) identified in exome sequencing (ES) of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)?
Summary Answer: One in 28 NOA cases carried an identifiable, medically actionable SF.
What Is Known Already: In addition to molecular diagnostics, ES allows assessment of clinically actionable disease-related gene variants that are not connected to the patient's primary diagnosis, but the knowledge of which may allow the prevention, delay or amelioration of late-onset monogenic conditions. Data on SFs in specific clinical patient groups, including reproductive failure, are currently limited.
Retention of the NLRP3 Inflammasome-Primed Neutrophils in the Bone Marrow Is Essential for Myocardial Infarction-Induced Granulopoiesis.
Circulation
January 2022
Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (G.S., R.M.J., B.A., K.H.P., J.J., A.D., J.M., P.R.N.).
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) results in overzealous production and infiltration of neutrophils to the ischemic heart. This is mediated in part by granulopoiesis induced by the S100A8/A9-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis in injury-exposed neutrophils. Despite the transcriptional upregulation of the NLRP3 (Nod Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3) inflammasome and associated signaling components in neutrophils, the serum levels of IL-1β (interleukin-1β), the effector molecule in granulopoiesis, were not affected by MI, suggesting that IL-1β is not released systemically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall Nerve Fiber Damage and Langerhans Cells in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and LADA Measured by Corneal Confocal Microscopy.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
May 2021
Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Purpose: Increased corneal and epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) have been reported in patients with diabetic neuropathy. The aim of this study was to quantify the density of LCs in relation to corneal nerve morphology and the presence of diabetic neuropathy and to determine if this differed in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA).
Methods: Patients with T1DM (n = 25), T2DM (n = 36), or LADA (n = 23) and control subjects (n = 23) underwent detailed assessment of peripheral neuropathy and corneal confocal microscopy.
Testosterone and Exercise in Middle-to-Older Aged Men: Combined and Independent Effects on Vascular Function.
Hypertension
April 2021
School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) (L.C.C., L.H.N., D.J.G.), The University of Western Australia, Perth.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFCellular dynamics of the SecA ATPase at the single molecule level.
Sci Rep
January 2021
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, and the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
In bacteria, the SecA ATPase provides the driving force for protein secretion via the SecYEG translocon. While the dynamic interplay between SecA and SecYEG in translocation is widely appreciated, it is not clear how SecA associates with the translocon in the crowded cellular environment. We use super-resolution microscopy to directly visualize the dynamics of SecA in Escherichia coli at the single-molecule level.
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