Paediatric breast disease and developmental breast cysts - reflection on 20 years of experience.

Introduction: Presentation with breast symptoms in the paediatric population is common but there is little existing literature on the workup and management of breast disease in this population.

Methods: Retrospective series of 140 cases of breast disease in the paediatric population managed by a single surgeon in Adelaide, South Australia between 2004 and 2024. Review of patient demographics, presentation, investigation, management and outcomes of various breast symptoms and pathologies using descriptive analysis.

Effect of Thickened Fluids on Swallowing Function in Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: Impact of Shear Rheology and Disorder Subtype.

Introduction: Fluid thickeners used in the management of oropharyngeal dysphagia exhibit non-Newtonian shear-thinning rheology, impacting their viscosity during deglutition. This study investigated how the rheological properties of thickened fluids affect pharyngeal swallowing parameters in patients with oropharyngeal motor disorders diagnosed by pharyngeal high-resolution manometry impedance (P-HRM-I).

Methods: Seventy-two patients (18-89 years) referred for P-HRM-I were diagnostically assessed with a 10 mL thin bolus.

Psychological Assessment and Motivations of Potential Donors Within the First Australian Uterine Transplant Trial.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the psychological characteristics, motivations and experiences of potential living donors assessed for the first uterus transplant (UTx) clinical trial in Australia.

Design: Mixed methods study.

Setting: Tertiary hospital.

Developing a co-designed, culturally responsive physical activity program for Pasifika communities in Western Sydney, Australia.

Pasifika communities in Western Sydney experience significant health disparities, particularly related to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular conditions and diabetes. Physical activity is known to improve both physical and mental health, yet access to culturally responsive physical activity programs for Pasifika communities is limited. This study leveraged expertise from an Advisory Committee to adopt community-based participatory research (CBPR) through Talanoa to co-design a physical activity program specifically tailored for Pasifika people in Western Sydney.

Physical activity-the past, present and potential future: a state-of-the-art review.

This is a state-of-the-art review of historical developments, current approaches and recommended future directions in physical activity (PA) research, practice and policy. Since the early epidemiological studies in the 1950s, PA research has developed from within a biomedical paradigm. There is now a strong evidence base linking PA with positive health outcomes.

Public disclosures of mental health problems on social media and audiences' self-reported anti-stigma effects.

Public disclosures of mental health problems on social media represent a potentially powerful informal avenue for increasing mental health literacy and reducing public stigma in relation to people with mental health problems. We investigated whether the audience reported any reduction in their own stigma toward people with mental health problems after exposure to disclosures. We also examined whether self-reported stigma reduction was associated with the characteristics of audience members, the disclosers and the disclosure messages.

Effect of a Medication Adherence Education Intervention on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.

Background: Low adherence to Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs) in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) leads to complications, death, and increased healthcare costs.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of medication adherence education interventions for the clinical outcomes of adults with T2DM.

Materials And Methods: Seventy adults with T2DM from an outpatient clinic in the City of Ardabil, Iran, participated in this study.

Access to non-physician led Exercise Stress Echocardiography reduces wait times and improves consumer engagement.

The performing of non-physician led exercise stress testing with and without echocardiography has shown similar diagnostic utility and safety as physician led models. While diagnostic accuracy and relative safety have been the focus of previous research, the current study aims to demonstrate efficiencies not previously reported such as reduction in wait times for testing and improved service attendance. A non-physician led exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) service was implemented on 01/01/2018, prior to this all tests were performed under a physician led model.

Moral conflict and moral distress in veterinarians: a mixed-methods approach.

Veterinary professionals are often confronted with moral conflicts from which moral distress can develop. Moral distress can lead to a cascade of deleterious processes and outcomes including emotional anguish, distress, reduced patient care, and attrition from both the workplace and workforce. The current study established a pilot measure for moral distress in Australian veterinary clinicians, as well as reporting additional sources of moral and ethical conflicts in veterinary practice.

A systematic review of current national hospital-based stroke registries monitoring access to evidence-based care and patient outcomes.

Background: National stroke clinical quality registries/audits support improvements in stroke care. In a 2016 systematic review, 28 registries were identified. Since 2016 there have been important advances in stroke care, including the development of thrombectomy services.

Molecular evidence for the role of the ovipositor of the fall armyworm: Where to lay or not to lay?

Oviposition behavior in insects has received considerable attention, but studies have mainly focused on the antennae, neglecting the role of the ovipositor. In this study, we investigated the functional characteristics of the ovipositor in oviposition site selection by the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, a destructive invasive pest of maize and other cereals. In oviposition choice assays females exhibited significant repellency to isothiocyanate (ITC), volatiles specific to non-preferred cruciferous plants.

Plastics in dermatology: A review and solutions.

Hazards to human and planetary health are present at every stage of the plastic life cycle, yet plastic production is projected to triple by 2060. This review focuses on three key areas: the life cycle of plastic, the impact of microplastics and their associated chemicals, along with recommendations to reduce plastic use. In dermatology, micro- and nanoplastics are especially problematic as they are present in over 90% of personal care products.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Endovascular vs. Surgical Treatment in Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of surgical and endovascular treatments for SDAVFs.

Summary Of Background Data: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) result from an abnormal connection between the radiculomeningeal artery and the radicular vein, leading to venous hypertension and potential neurological damage.

Clinical Features and Risks of Congenital Melanocytic Naevi: A Retrospective Analysis of Patients at the Queensland Children's Hospital.

Background/objectives: Congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) are a risk factor for melanoma. Melanoma risk is dependent on the congenital phenotype. Our primary aims were to assess the clinical characteristics of CMN that indicate a high risk of neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) and melanoma in an Australian paediatric population group; to identify patient characteristics and clinical features of CMN that trigger further investigations; and to determine the rate of malignancy and other complications for CMN.

Differential activation of defense responses in cucumbers by adapted versus non-adapted lineages of the cotton-melon aphid.

Background: The cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a polyphagous pest damaging plants across over 100 families. It has multiple host-specialized lineages, including one colonizing Malvaceae (MA) and one colonizing Cucurbitaceae (CU). The mechanisms underlying these host relationships remain unknown.

Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide - new insights into gut microbiota and male infertility through meta-analysis.

Background: Ammonia (NH) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) are produced during digestion in the human gut, yet the impact of these internally generated gases on male reproduction have received limited attention in scientific research.

Methods: We systematically reviewed 935 scientific publications, spanning from 1947 to 2023, focusing on external or internal NH and/or HS, male infertility, and gut microbiota. Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of combined studies.

Detection, characterization, and antibiotic resistance profiling of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from circulating currency in the Northeastern region of Bangladesh.

Objectives: The study aims to investigate the prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria on paper and coin currency obtained from various occupational groups in Bangladesh and to identify the bacterial species present. The research further seeks to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns of the identified bacterial isolates.

Methods: 84 paper currency notes and 56 coins were collected from seven different sources.

Carbonic Anhydrase IX Targeted Polyaspartamide fluorescent Probes for Tumor imaging.

Background: Precise intraoperative tumor delineation is essential for successful surgical outcomes. However, conventional methods are often incompetent to provide intraoperative guidance due to lack specificity and sensitivity. Recently fluorescence-guided surgery for tumors to delineate between cancerous and healthy tissues has attracted widespread attention.

Ankle joint position sense acuity differences among stroke survivors at three walking ability levels: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Despite the importance of lower limb sensation in walking highlighted in systematic reviews, there is limited research investigating the effect of proprioceptive deficits after stroke and any relationship with walking ability.

Objectives: With stroke survivors of different walking ability, this study aimed to (1) explore side (affected/unaffected) and movement direction (inversion/plantar flexion) effects in ankle joint position sense (JPS) acuity, and (2) compare ankle JPS acuity between groups of stroke survivors with different walking ability.

Methods: Seventy subacute stroke survivors were recruited and divided into three groups based on walking ability, as determined by their gait speed on the 10-Meter Walking Test: household (<0.

Therapeutic effects of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles on viral myocarditis correlate with biomolecular content.

Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can potently inhibit inflammation yet there is a lack of understanding about the impact of donor characteristics on the efficacy of EVs. The goal of this study was to determine whether the sex and age of donor platelet-derived EVs (PEV) affected their ability to inhibit viral myocarditis.

Methods: PEV, isolated from men and women of all ages, was compared to PEV obtained from women under 50 years of age, which we termed premenopausal PEV (pmPEV).

Comparative thoracic radiography in healthy and tuberculosis-positive sun bears ().

Early and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is key to effective outbreak management, and in humans thoracic radiography is used extensively for screening purposes. In wildlife TB radiography is a relatively accessible diagnostic tool, particularly in under-resourced settings, however its use is limited by body size. Sun bears are susceptible to human-associated TB, and their small body size makes thoracic radiography feasible.

The Association of Physical Activity With Overweight/Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Nepalese Adults: Evidence From a Nationwide Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Survey.

Background: The rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a significant public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore the association between physical activity levels, overweight/obesity, and T2DM in a nationwide survey of Nepalese adults.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the 2019 non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors STEPS survey conducted in Nepal.

Surveillance of soil-transmitted helminths and other intestinal parasites in shelter dogs, Mississippi, USA.

In recent years, soil-transmitted helminthiases, including strongyloidiasis have become a prominent public health concern in the southeastern United States of America (USA). While there is ongoing human soil-transmitted helminths (STH) surveillance in Mississippi and Alabama, very little attention has been paid to potentially zoonotic STH from dogs in this region. We microscopically examined faecal samples collected from 252 shelter dogs in Mississippi using the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation method.