Predicting the Risk of Future Terrorism: Lessons for Mental Health Experts from the Benbrika Case.

Risk assessment is an important component of judicial decision-making in many areas of the law. In Australia, those convicted of terrorist offences may be the subject of continued detention in prison or extended supervision in the community if there is an "unacceptable risk" of them committing future terrorism offences. Forensic psychologists and psychiatrists may provide evidence of risk through identifying and measuring risk factors with the aid of tools that use scales based on statistical or actuarial risk prediction.

Injecting Tighter Regulation: Implications of the TGA's Clampdown on Cosmetic Injectables Advertising.

Recently, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) updated its guidance on cosmetic injectables advertising. The updates confirm that all direct or indirect advertising of cosmetic injectable products, including botulinum toxins or dermal fillers, is prohibited in Australia. While some commentators have lamented these updates, they present no changes to the law.

The collective experience of moral distress: a qualitative analysis of perspectives of frontline health workers during COVID-19.

Background: Moral distress is reported to be a critical force contributing to intensifying rates of anxiety, depression and burnout experienced by healthcare workers. In this paper, we examine the moral dilemmas and ensuing distress personally and collectively experienced by healthcare workers while caring for patients during the pandemic.

Methods: Data are drawn from free-text responses from a cross-sectional national online survey of Australian healthcare workers about the patient care challenges they faced.

Applying principles of adult learning to rural health electives in a medical school curriculum.

The health disparities between rural and urban populations in Australia, driven by socioeconomic, environmental, and healthcare access factors, highlight the urgent need for rural-focused medical education. The Melbourne Medical School's Rural Health Discovery program addresses this need by integrating adult learning principles within a redesigned curriculum that includes the Rural Health Foundations and Integrating Rural Health topics. These Discovery topics engage medical students from diverse backgrounds through a blend of self-directed learning, problem-solving, and immersive clinical placements in rural settings.

Personal and behavioural factors that influence physical activity in women living with metastatic breast cancer: a qualitative interview study.

Background: Women living with metastatic breast cancer can benefit from physical activity. Presently, there is an absence of research outside of quantitative investigations on the benefits of structured programs. To enable effective physical activity advice and services, it is important to understand factors that may facilitate or prevent engagement.

Failure to repair damaged NAD(P)H blocks de novo serine synthesis in human cells.

Background: Metabolism is error prone. For instance, the reduced forms of the central metabolic cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), can be converted into redox-inactive products, NADHX and NADPHX, through enzymatically catalyzed or spontaneous hydration. The metabolite repair enzymes NAXD and NAXE convert these damaged compounds back to the functional NAD(P)H cofactors.

Socioeconomic status moderates the effect of physical education on overweight and obesity in children: a quasi-experimental trial.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to estimate the effects of an intensive school-based physical education intervention on the risk of developing overweight or obesity in primary school students when accounting for the moderating role of socioeconomic status. This quasi-experimental trial included data from primary school students participating in an intensive physical education program comprising 4.5 h of weekly physical activity compared to 1.

IRE1α-XBP1 safeguards hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by restricting pro-leukemogenic gene programs.

Hematopoietic stem cells must mitigate myriad stressors throughout their lifetime to ensure normal blood cell generation. Here, we uncover unfolded protein response stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) as a safeguard against myeloid leukemogenesis. Activated in part by an NADPH oxidase-2 mechanism, IRE1α-induced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) mediated repression of pro-leukemogenic programs exemplified by the Wnt-β-catenin pathway.

Major ABO Incompatibility in Non-Myeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease-Not an Insurmountable Obstacle.

With advances in conditioning strategies and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prevention, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a safe, curative treatment option for pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, donor options have been limited in non-myeloablative matched sibling donor (MSD) setting by excluding recipients with major ABO blood group incompatible donors due to concern of the risk of significant complications such as pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). We present three cases of successful HSCT with major ABO incompatibility with their donors, and discuss strategies to safely expand the donor pool to include these donors.

Australian occupational therapists' perspectives about the management of driving safety concerns for older people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Driving safety may be compromised in people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Occupational therapists assess and screen for driving safety in older people with cognitive impairment. However, little is known about their perspectives relating to these assessments.

A Qualitative Evaluation of Two Electronic-Rehabilitation Programmes for Managing Persistent Knee Pain.

Introduction: Persistent knee pain often due to knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent and disabling condition. Electronic-rehabilitation (e-rehab) programmes have the potential to support self-management of knee OA. This study aimed to evaluate user engagement and acceptability of two e-rehab programmes, Group e-rehab, a remote physiotherapy-led programme and My Knee UK, a self-directed web-based exercise programme.

First out-of-bed mobilisation in adults with severe acquired brain injury in Scandinavian neurointensive care units: A survey of current clinical practice (FOOBScan).

Background: The harm-benefit balance for early out-of-bed mobilisation of patients with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) in neurointensive care units (neuro-ICUs) is unclear, and there are no clinical guidelines. This study aimed to survey the current clinical practice and perceptions among clinicians involved in first out-of-bed mobilisation in Scandinavian neuro-ICUs.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based survey; the reporting follows the recommended CROSS checklist.

The effect of training distribution, duration, and volume on VO and performance in trained cyclists: A systematic review, multilevel meta-analysis, and multivariate meta-regression.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically investigate whether polarized or non-polarized training leads to greater physiological and performance adaptations in cyclists.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, focusing on interventions categorized as polarized, non-polarized, or unclear. Inclusion criteria required participants to be at least recreationally trained cyclists (VO ≥ 59 ml/kg/min) and interventions lasting > 4 weeks.

Identifying Protein-Nucleotide Binding Residues via Grouped Multi-task Learning and Pre-trained Protein Language Models.

The accurate identification of protein-nucleotide binding residues is crucial for protein function annotation and drug discovery. Numerous computational methods have been proposed to predict these binding residues, achieving remarkable performance. However, due to the limited availability and high variability of nucleotides, predicting binding residues for diverse nucleotides remains a significant challenge.

Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus among people with Middle Eastern backgrounds living in high-income countries: a systematic review.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to assess the available evidence on the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Middle Eastern (ME) populations residing in high-income countries (HICs). The review focuses on two key aspects: (1) evaluating the efficacy of interventions for improving health outcomes and (2) examining the barriers to and facilitators of the implementation and effectiveness of interventions.

Design: Systematic review.

Importance of infarct topography in determination of stroke mechanism and recurrence risk: a post-hoc analysis of the dabigatran acute treatment of stroke trial.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between infarct pattern, inferred stroke mechanism and risk of recurrence in patients with ischaemic stroke. The question is clinically relevant to optimise secondary stroke prevention investigations and treatment.

Design: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the dabigatran treatment of acute stroke II (DATAS II) trial (ClinicalTrials.

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Littré hernia is the rare protrusion of a Meckel's diverticulum (MD) through a hernia sac. We present a rare case of strangulated MD in a woman patient in her 90s, which required a small intestine resection. She presented with 1 day of groin swelling, no features of bowel obstruction and an irreducible hernia on examination.

Balancing precision and affordability in assessing infant development in large-scale mortality trials: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Large-scale mortality trials require reliable secondary assessments of impairment. We compared the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), a screening tool self-administered by parents, in classifying impairment using the 'gold standard' Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley-III), a diagnostic tool administered by trained assessors.

Design: Analysis of 405 children around 2 years corrected age from the Australian Placental Transfusion Study, a trial conducted over 8 years.

Refining bone marrow ablation and reconstitution in mice.

This report presents findings from a group of UK-based researchers with expertise in the use of animal models for bone marrow ablation and reconstitution. The primary aim is to facilitate the implementation of the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement), with an emphasis on refinement. Bone marrow ablation and reconstitution procedures are performed for a number of different purposes and conducted predominantly in mice.

Conformation and binding of 12 Microcystin (MC) congeners to PPP1 using molecular dynamics simulations: a potential approach in support of an improved MC risk assessment.

Microcystins (MCs) occur frequently during cyanobacterial blooms worldwide, representing a group of currently about 300 known MC congeners, which are structurally highly similar. Human exposure to MCs via contaminated water, food or dietary supplements can lead to severe intoxications with ensuing high morbidity and in some cases mortality. Currently, one MC congener (MC-LR) is almost exclusively considered for risk assessment (RA) by the WHO.

Trajectory of Depressive Symptoms in a Longitudinal Stroke Cohort.

Objectives: Knowledge of the trajectory of post-stroke depression is important to identify high-risk patients, develop precise management programs and enhance prognosis. We aimed to characterise the course of depressive symptoms within the first year post-stroke and to evaluate associations with time.

Materials And Methods: Depressive symptoms were measured using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) within the first week, and at 3- and 12-months post-stroke.

Evaluating student understanding of pharmacodynamics core concepts.

Pharmacodynamics is an essential subdiscipline of pharmacology that underpins safe and effective prescribing and therapeutic decision-making, as well as drug discovery and development. The exponential increase in the number of therapeutic drugs has prompted members of the pharmacology educator community to question existing pharmacology curricula focused on individual drugs and move toward a curriculum focused on conceptual understanding. A first step towards conceptual understanding is to establish what students currently know about pharmacodynamic core concepts.

Functional analysis of SRY variants in individuals with 46,XY Differences of Sex Development.

In mammals, male sexual development is initiated by the expression of the Sex-determining-Region-Y (SRY) gene. SRY contains a highly conserved High Mobility Group (HMG) box essential for DNA binding and activity. Variants in SRY cause Differences of Sex Development (DSD), accounting for 10-15% of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis cases.