Communicating scientific evidence: drugs for Alzheimer's disease as a case study.

This paper reviews the scientific evidence on new anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for treating Alzheimer's disease as a case study for improving scientific evidence communication. We introduce five guidelines condensed from the biomedical evidence literature but adapted to the short format of science communication in e.g.

The qualitative analysis of trabecular architecture of the proximal femur based on the P45 sectional plastination technique.

The primary weight-bearing structure of the proximal femur, trabecular bone, has a complex three-dimensional architecture that was previously difficult to comprehensively display. This study examined the spatial architecture of trabecular struts in the coronal, sagittal, and horizontal sections of the proximal femur using 21 cases prepared with P45 sectional plasticization. The primary compressive strut (PCS) exhibited a "mushroom-like" shape with upper and lower parts.

International Validation of a Novel PEACE Scale to Improve the Quality of Upper Gastrointestinal Mucosal Inspection During Endoscopy.

Introduction: The performance of a high quality esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is dependent on the mucosal cleanliness. Recently, the Polprep: Effective Assessment of Cleanliness in EGD (PEACE) scale was created to assess the degree of mucosal cleanliness during EGD. The aim of this study was to validate this scoring system in a cohort of international endoscopists.

A Next Available Appointment (NAA) Tool to Better Manage Patient Delay Risk and Patient Scheduling Expectations in Specialist Clinics.

Every year there are approximately 3 million new outpatient specialist clinic appointments at local hospital networks in Victoria, Australia. Growing daily demand for these services leads to high-volume waiting lists and therefore long appointment delays for patients. This phenomenon emphasises the importance of providing analytics and tools to assist with waiting list management in outpatient specialist clinics.

Prenatal diagnosis following preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic conditions: a single centre record linkage study.

Purpose: Professional bodies currently advise all pregnant individuals undertake confirmatory prenatal diagnostic testing following preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic conditions (PGT-M). We aimed to ascertain the uptake of prenatal diagnostic testing following PGT-M in a large single-centre population.

Methods: This observational linkage study was undertaken using routinely collected outcome data from PGT-M cycles performed at one of Australia's largest PGT-M providers and a statewide dataset of all prenatal samples undergoing cytogenetic analysis in Victoria, Australia, between 2015 and 2022.

'Despite the Pain, I Keep Moving Forward': A Qualitative Study on Brazilian Older Adults' Experiences With Chronic Low Back Pain.

Objective: The burden of chronic low back pain (CLBP) is increasing rapidly along with the global population ageing. Such an increase will occur more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Yet, few studies have explored the experiences of older adults with CLBP, and these are primarily conducted in high-income countries.

The Role of Community Organisation, Religion, Spirituality and Cultural Beliefs on Diabetes Social Support and Self-Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Integrative Literature Review.

To examine the evidence for the role of community organisations, religion, spirituality, cultural beliefs, and social support in diabetes self-management, we undertook an integrative literature review utilising MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, and grey literature databases. The selected articles were appraised for quality, and the extracted data were analysed thematically. The search yielded 1586 articles, and after eliminating duplicates, 1434 titles and abstracts were screened, followed by a full-text review of 103 articles.

Optimizing Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Athletic Tasks: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis for Prescription Variables and Research Methods.

Background: Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) has demonstrated efficacy in acutely improving athletic performance. However, its distinction from general warm-up (GW) effects remains ambiguous, and experimental designs adopted in most PAPE studies exhibit important limitations.

Objectives: The aims of this work are to (i) examine the effects of research methodology on PAPE outcomes, (ii) explore PAPE outcomes in relation to comparison methods, performance measures, GW comprehensiveness, recovery duration, participants' characteristics, conditioning activity (CA) parameters, and (iii) make recommendations for future PAPE experimental designs on the basis of the results of the meta-analysis.

Nutritional Interventions to Attenuate Quadriceps Muscle Deficits following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction.

Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, quadriceps muscle atrophy persists despite rehabilitation, leading to loss of lower limb strength, osteoarthritis, poor knee joint health and reduced quality of life. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these deficits in hypertrophic adaptations within the quadriceps muscle following ACL injury and reconstruction are poorly understood. While resistance exercise training stimulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy, attenuation of these hypertrophic pathways can hinder rehabilitation following ACL injury and reconstruction, and ultimately lead to skeletal muscle atrophy that persists beyond ACL reconstruction, similar to disuse atrophy.

Aging Concerns Related to Sexuality and Gender: HIV Prevention and Healthy Aging.

Healthy aging is an important area of research across many populations, but less work has focused on this area among sexual and gender diverse individuals relative to the general population. On the whole, it is known that as the U.S.

Using neuroimaging to identify sex differences in adults with sports-related concussion: a systematic review.

Concussion is a common injury in sports that causes neurological damage, leading to memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Insufficient recovery time may result in significant long-term harm to individuals. Several neuroimaging techniques have been used to understand the pathophysiological changes following concussion, and how long individuals need to recover before returning to play.

Contextual Factors that Influence Antibiotic Prescribing: A Discrete Choice Experiment of GP Registrars.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global emergency related to overprescribing of antibiotics. Few studies have explored how prescribing behaviours may change as the consequence of changing resistance. Understanding how contextual factors influence antibiotic prescribing will facilitate improved communication strategies to promote appropriate antibiotic prescribing.

Proximal remote sensing: an essential tool for bridging the gap between high-resolution ecosystem monitoring and global ecology.

A new proliferation of optical instruments that can be attached to towers over or within ecosystems, or 'proximal' remote sensing, enables a comprehensive characterization of terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, and fluxes of energy, water, and carbon. Proximal remote sensing can bridge the gap between individual plants, site-level eddy-covariance fluxes, and airborne and spaceborne remote sensing by providing continuous data at a high-spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review recent advances in proximal remote sensing for improving our mechanistic understanding of plant and ecosystem processes, model development, and validation of current and upcoming satellite missions.

Remote Food Security Research Project: Applying an Indigenist Research Lens.

This paper aimed to reflect on how Rigney's model of Indigenist research informed the research design of a project which explored community-led solutions to improve food security in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. The project was conducted in partnership with two Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs); Apunipima Cape York Health Council (Apunipima) and Central Australian Aboriginal Congress (Congress), communities in Central Australia and Cape York, Queensland and researchers from the University of Queensland, Monash University, Dalhousie University and Menzies School of Health Research. On reflection the principles of Indigenist research were evident providing a means of resistance to oppression through Indigenous stakeholders being in control of research to address social determinants, in this case food security.

A characterization study of the anterior segment morphology of patients with and without long-term silicone oil following vitrectomy.

Purpose: To characterize the anterior segment (AS) morphology of patients with long-term silicone oil (SiO) in situ (> 12 months) following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods: This prospective, comparative characterization study was conducted between January 2022 and July 2023. Patients were included and sorted based on if they had undergone PPV without long-term SiO or had SiO in situ for at least 12 months at the time of review and image collection.

Targeting Kv7 Potassium Channels for Epilepsy.

Voltage-gated Kv7 potassium channels, particularly Kv7.2 and Kv.7.

Paracetamol, its metabolites, and their transfer between maternal circulation and fetal brain in mono- and combination therapies.

Background: Due to its availability and perceived safety, paracetamol is recommended even during pregnancy and for neonates. It is used frequently alone or in combination with other drugs required for the treatment of various chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate potential effects of drug interactions on paracetamol metabolism and its placental transfer and entry into the developing brain.

The MASCC COG-IMPACT: An unmet needs assessment for cancer-related cognitive impairment impact developed by the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer.

Purpose: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) can have a profound impact on the lives of cancer survivors. A multitude of subjective and objective assessment tools exist to assess the presence and severity of CRCI. However, no purpose-built tool exists to assess the unmet needs of cancer survivors directly relating to CRCI.

The Potential Role of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Multiple Sclerosis Development: A Seroepidemiological Study in North Khorasan Province, Iran.

Pourpose: This study aimed to investigate the seroepidemiological status of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients compared to controls.

Methods: The present study included 98 MS patients and 100 controls.

Neural cue reactivity and intrinsic functional connectivity in individuals with alcohol use disorder following treatment with topiramate or naltrexone.

Rationale: Both topiramate and naltrexone have been shown to affect neural alcohol cue reactivity in alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, their comparative effects on alcohol cue reactivity are unknown. Moreover, while naltrexone has been found to normalize hyperactive localized network connectivity implicated in AUD, no studies have examined the effect of topiramate on intrinsic functional connectivity or compared functional connectivity between these two widely used medications.

Origins and Distribution of Panicum Mosaic Virus and Sugarcane Mosaic Virus on in Australia.

is a premium turf grass in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the world and is the most important turf species in Australia based on the value of its production. A new disease called buffalo grass yellows (BGY) has become a problem on turf farms in Australia. We surveyed turf farms in New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (Qld) and Western Australia to determine whether panicum mosaic virus (PMV) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) were associated with BGY.

Different PD-L1 Assays Reveal Distinct Immunobiology and Clinical Outcomes in Urothelial Cancer.

Testing for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to predict immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) benefit but has performed inconsistently in urothelial cancer (UC) clinical trials. Different approaches are used for PD-L1 IHC. We analyzed paired PD-L1 IHC data on UC samples using the SP142 and 22C3 assays from the phase 3 IMvigor130 trial and found discordant findings summarized by four phenotypes: PD-L1 positive by both assays (PD-L1 double positive; PD-L1DP), PD-L1 positive by the SP142 assay only (SP142 single positive; SP142SP), PD-L1 positive by the 22C3 assay only (22C3 single positive; 22C3SP), and PD-L1 negative by both assays double negative (PD-L1 double negative; PD-L1DN).

ACQUIRED MUTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED/REFRACTORY CLL WHO PROGRESSED IN THE ALPINE STUDY.

Some CLL patients who develop progressive disease (PD) during treatment with covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (cBTKi) acquire pathway resistance mutations in BTK or PLCG2. Here, we report gene mutation data from paired baseline and PD peripheral blood samples from 52 patients (zanubrutinib, n=24; ibrutinib, n=28) who, at an early median follow-up time of 25.7 months, progressed on zanubrutinib or ibrutinib treatment in the ALPINE trial (NCT03734016).

Nivolumab and rituximab in treatment naive follicular lymphoma: the phase II '1st FLOR' study.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) outcomes are heavily influenced by host immune activity with immune anti-tumor activity mitigated by PD-1/PD-L1 pathway engagement. Combination CD20-directed therapy plus PD-1 inhibition (PD-1i) increases T-cell tumor killing and NK-cell antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). Mounting evidence supports immune-priming using PD-1i before cancer-directed agents.