Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Biologics: A Call for Better Data Standardisation and Presentation in Clinical Studies.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is often severe, debilitating and difficult to treat. Recent randomised control trials (RCTs) of biologics that target key inflammatory pathways have demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating CRSwNP. Such RCTs must facilitate meta-analysis.

An umbrella review of health outcomes following traumatic brain injury.

While numerous reviews have assessed the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and various mental and physical health outcomes, a comprehensive evaluation of the scope, validity, and quality of evidence is lacking. Here we present an umbrella review of a wide range of health outcomes following TBI and outline outcome risks across subpopulations. On 17 May 2023, we searched Embase, Medline, Global Health, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine improves right ventricular systolic function in experimental pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) often leads to right ventricle (RV) failure, a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in PH management, progression to RV maladaptation and subsequent failure remain a clinical challenge. This study explored the effect of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), on RV function in a rat model of PH, hypothesizing that it improves RV function by inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and altering myofilament protein phosphorylation.

Continuous Glucose Monitors and Programmed Shared Medical Appointments in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among First Nation Women in Australia: A Co-Designed Feasibility Study.

First Nations women in Australia diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, co-designed and attended a programmed shared medical appointment that included continuous glucose monitors and culturally responsive food appreciation activities over 8 weekly sessions to improve glycaemic control. The project was a single site, longitudinal change from baseline, mixed methods, feasibility study using HbA1c as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included, weight, metabolic health-related blood panels, CGM, Blood Glucose Levels (BGL) time-in-range percentage, Patient Activation Measure (PAM) and Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) tools and client satisfaction survey and semi focussed interviews.

From knife to needle - the trend of vascular neurosurgery in Belgium.

Introduction: The management of neurovascular pathologies has changed globally over the last few decades. Endovascular treatments are increasing, and fewer surgical procedures are performed.

Research Question: Evaluate the evolution of vascular neurosurgery in Belgium over the last 30 years and compare with other countries.

Diversity and cross-species transmission of viruses in a remote island ecosystem: implications for wildlife conservation.

The ability of viruses to emerge in new species is influenced by aspects of host biology and ecology, with some taxa harbouring a high diversity and abundance of viruses. However, how these factors shape virus diversity at the ecosystem scale is often unclear. To better understand the pattern and determinants of viral diversity within an ecosystem, and to describe the novel avian viruses infecting an individual avian community, we performed a metagenomic snapshot of the virome from the entire avian community on remote Pukenui/Anchor Island in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Medicine Meets Science: The Imperative of Scientific Research and Publishing for Physician-Scientists.

Physician-scientists serve as conduits between clinical practice and scientific research, leveraging their unique expertise to improve patient care and drive medical innovation. This article highlights the indispensable role of research and publishing in promoting evidence-based practices, facilitating professional growth, and shaping public health policy. Drawing on historical and contemporary examples, I examine the challenges faced by physician-scientists, such as ethical dilemmas and declining engagement in research, particularly in resource-constrained settings.

Oriented catalysis through chaos: high-entropy spinels in heterogeneous reactions.

High-entropy spinel (HES) compounds, as a typical class of high-entropy materials (HEMs), represent a novel frontier in the search for next-generation catalysts. Their unique blend of high entropy, compositional diversity, and structural complexity offers unprecedented opportunities to tailor catalyst properties for enhanced performance (, activity, selectivity, and stability) in heterogeneous reactions. However, there is a gap in a critical review of the catalytic applications of HESs, especially focusing on an in-depth discussion of the structure-property-performance relationships.

The RISES Model: A New Approach to Promoting Health Professionals' Motivation to Engage in Research.

Purpose: A decline in the number of health professionals (HPs) engaging in clinical and healthcare research has spurred governments, educational and healthcare organisations to focus on developing strategies to promote a resurgence of clinical researchers. Based on the Expectancy-Value-Cost theory which offers a comprehensive framework to understand motivation in research, this study aimed to explore how motivations and perceived values of research evolve across different career stages, and develop a model that promotes sustained research motivation.

Methods: This study employed a phenomenological qualitative research design and individual interviews to explore the experiences of 30 HPs (doctors, nurses, midwives, and allied health professionals) across three career stages-early, mid, and late-at three North Queensland Public Hospitals from March 19 to April 15, 2021.

A Standardized Classification Scheme for Gastroduodenal Disorder Evaluation Using the Gastric Alimetry System: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: Gastric Alimetry™ (Alimetry, New Zealand) is a new clinical test for gastroduodenal disorders involving simultaneous body surface gastric electrical mapping and validated symptom profiling. Studies have demonstrated a range of distinct pathophysiological profiles, and a classification scheme is now required. We used Gastric Alimetry spectral and symptom profiles to develop a mechanism-based test classification scheme, then assessed correlations with symptom severity, psychometrics, and quality of life.

Distinct Clinical Presentations of Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation: A Case Series.

We present two cases of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, detected in early life, with differing outcomes. This suggests that early detection of this malformation in fetuses or neonates does not necessarily indicate a poor prognosis, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring and timely intervention to optimize outcomes.

Maternal and neonatal complications of pregnant women with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Confidence in pregnancy outcome data for women with bipolar disorder is compromised by small cohort sizes. However, comprehensive national data have been published over the last decade, but no quantitative synthesis has been established to determine the factors associated with complications in these women. Our goal is to summarise the evidence of population-based data on obstetric complications and neonatal outcomes in women with bipolar disorder compared to women without bipolar disorder.

An optimized plasmalogen modulating dietary supplement provides greater protection in a male than female mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy.

We previously reported that plasmalogens, a class of phospholipids, were decreased in a setting of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Plasmalogen levels can be modulated via a dietary supplement called alkylglycerols (AG) which has demonstrated benefits in some disease settings. However, its therapeutic potential in DCM remained unknown.

Children and providers' perspectives on once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid TB preventive therapy.

Background: TB preventive treatment (TPT) prevents the development of TB disease in individuals at risk of progression from infection to disease. However, implementation of TPT for children is poor in most high-burden settings. The long duration and pill burden of the 6-month once-daily isoniazid regimen (6H) pose significant barriers to completion.

Korth toxicity: Experimental findings and future prospects.

(Roxb.) Korth, locally known as kratom, is a traditional medicinal plant from Southeast Asia, with mitragynine as its principal alkaloid. Similar to other medicinal plants, kratom has side effects and toxicities, which have been documented in scientific studies and case reports.

The urgency of now to end HIV vertical transmission for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their children in Asia and the Pacific.

The global strategy to #EndAIDS is underpinned by a call to end all inequities and to ensure no-one is left behind; but inequities continue, and people are still being left behind. Despite the advances seen in some populations and in some geographical areas, with ongoing high rates of HIV vertical transmission, ending HIV for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their children must be prioritised urgently. Focused on Asia and the Pacific, the region with the second largest number of people with HIV, in this viewpoint we highlight the heterogenous nature of global and regional success in eliminating vertical transmission of HIV.

Drug repurposing screen targeting PARP identifies cytotoxic activity of efavirenz in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Drug repurposing has potential to improve outcomes for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Repurposing drugs with PARP family binding activity may produce cytotoxic effects through the multiple mechanisms of PARP including DNA repair, cell-cycle regulation, and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine existing drugs that have PARP family binding activity and can be repurposed for treatment of HGSOC.

Noradrenergic suppression to reduce electroencephalographic arousal after intubation: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Intraoperative awareness, without explicit recall, occurs after induction of anaesthesia in approximately 10% of persons under 40 yr of age. Most anaesthetic agents minimally suppress the noradrenergic system. We hypothesised that addition of dexmedetomidine, which suppresses noradrenergic activity, may reduce encephalographic (EEG) arousal in response to tracheal intubation; such an effect would lay the foundation for future studies of dexmedetomidine in reducing intraoperative awareness.

Rabies in rural northeast India: A case report emphasising the urgency of the One Health approach.

Dog-mediated rabies is endemic in India. The country records the highest mortality due to dog-bite-related rabies despite the availability of interventions to prevent deaths. We present a case study of the death of a 59-year-old man in a suburban town of Northeast India after a dog bite from an owned pup.

Orthoflavivirus circulation in South-East Queensland, Australia, before and during the 2021-2022 incursion of Japanese encephalitis virus assessed through sero-epidemiological survey of a sentinel equine population.

An incursion and outbreak of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was reported in Australia in 2021 and 2022, respectively. There was speculation that JEV may have been circulating in Australia unknowingly prior to the detection. In this study, we determined sero-prevalence and transmission of West Nile virus (WNV), Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and JEV, prior to and post JEV incursion in a sentinel equine population in south-east Queensland (SEQ), Australia, using blocking ELISAs (screening test) and virus neutralisation test (confirmatory).

How do improved lentil varieties affect farmers' livelihood status in central Bangladesh?

Lentil plays a crucial role in ensuring nutritional security for the majority of the people in Bangladesh. Different types of improved lentil varieties (ILVs) are being introduced in Bangladesh to enhance the production, productivity, and area coverage. This study aimed to explore the changes in the livelihood status of the ILVs adopters compared to the non-adopters in the central region of Bangladesh.

Global potential for seaweed aquaculture on existing offshore infrastructure.

Seaweed aquaculture is growing 8.9 % annually to a forecast US$ 22.13 billion in 2024 and has several environmental, economic and social co-benefits.