Turning the tables: a tiny bird uses alarm calls and mimicry to deceive its nest predator.

Animals often eavesdrop on other species' alarm calls to gain information about danger, but this can allow for deception by callers. Such deception often uses 'aerial' alarm calls, which normally warn of airborne predators and prompt immediate fleeing. The calls are deceptive if they are given when no flying predator is present and the caller benefits from the victim's response, typically by gaining food dropped when the listener flees.

Quantifying the ecological role of crocodiles: a 50-year review of metabolic requirements and nutrient contributions in northern Australia.

The ecological roles of large predators are well recognized, but quantifying their functional impacts remains an active area of research. In this study, we examined the metabolic requirements and nutrient outputs of the estuarine crocodile population () in northern Australia over a 50-year period, during which the population increased from a few thousand to over 100 000 individuals. Bioenergetic modelling showed that during this period, the crocodile population's annual prey consumption increased from <20 kg km in 1979 to approximately 180 kg km in 2019.

An updated review on therapeutic strategies in coronary microvascular dysfunction.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is well-known cause of angina, yet treatment options remain limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the current literature and provides a contemporary evaluation of treatments using a stringent definition for CMD with accurate methods of microvascular assessment in accordance with recent consensus guidelines. Methods and Results: A search strategy was conducted independently by two authors (CK and RR).

Modeling the effect of daughter migration on dosimetry estimates for [Ac]Ac-DOTATATE.

Purpose: [Ac]Ac-DOTATATE is a promising treatment option for patients with neuroendocrine tumors. A concern with Ac is that the decay energy can break the bond to the targeting vehicle, producing free daughter radionuclides in the body. Daughter migration is generally not considered in clinical dosimetry, and therefore its effect needs to be studied.

Artificial intelligence in stroke rehabilitation: From acute care to long-term recovery.

Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide, driving the need for advanced rehabilitation strategies. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into stroke rehabilitation presents significant advancements across the continuum of care, from acute diagnosis to long-term recovery. This review explores AI's role in stroke rehabilitation, highlighting its impact on early diagnosis, motor recovery, and cognitive rehabilitation.

Scaling-up symptom-agnostic, community-wide screening towards global tuberculosis elimination: opportunities, challenges and lessons from history.

There has been little change in global TB incidence in the 21 century. Although case notification has increased, millions of people with TB each year remain unreached. Recently there has been increased recognition that many people with undiagnosed, potentially infectious TB do not experience or report TB symptoms.

The expanding global genomics landscape: Converging priorities from national genomics programs.

The global landscape of health genomics is expanding rapidly, with an increasing number of national and international initiatives, many of which are targeted toward accelerating the clinical implementation of genomic technologies and services in the context of local health systems. This includes a range of entities with different levels of maturity, funding sources, and strategies that focus on research and clinical priorities to varying degrees. While there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach, analysis of national genomics programs helps to identify common priority areas, barriers, and enablers.

Facilitating equitable access to genomic testing for advanced cancer: A combined intuition and theory informed approach to intervention development and deployment.

Introduction: Rapid advancements in genomic testing have revolutionised cancer care diagnostics and treatment. However, keeping pace with the evolving genomics knowledge is a challenge for oncologists who are not genomic experts. This detrimentally impacts on equitable patient access to related services and benefits which require training in genomics.

Alcohol use: Passing out has long-term effects on sleep.

Sedative doses of alcohol consumption paradoxically cause long-term sleep deficits in humans. A study in Drosophila reveals similar sleep deficits in flies following ethanol sedation and uncovers a subset of cholinergic neurons that mediate this effect.

Blue-lined octopus Hapalochlaena fasciata males envenomate females to facilitate copulation.

A variety of phylogenetically distant taxa, including flatworms, mollusks, amphibians, and fishes, use the deadly neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) for predation and defense. A well-known example is the blue-lined octopus, Hapalochlaena fasciata (Hoyle, 1886), which uses symbiotic bacteria to sequester TTX in its posterior salivary glands (PSG). When it bites, the TTX-laden saliva immobilizes large prey and has caused lethal envenomation in a few incidents involving humans.

Low-dose irradiation of the gut improves the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in metastatic cancer patients.

The mechanisms governing the abscopal effects of local radiotherapy in cancer patients remain an open conundrum. Here, we show that off-target intestinal low-dose irradiation (ILDR) increases the clinical benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors or chemotherapy in eight retrospective cohorts of cancer patients and in tumor-bearing mice. The abscopal effects of ILDR depend on dosimetry (≥1 and ≤3 Gy) and on the metabolic and immune host-microbiota interaction at baseline allowing CD8 T cell activation without exhaustion.

Higher dietary nitrate intake is associated with lower likelihood of first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination in Australian women.

Dietary nitrate is a precursor to nitric oxide, for which plausible mechanisms exist for both beneficial and detrimental influences in first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (FCD), a common precursor to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Whether dietary nitrate has any role in FCD onset is unclear. We tested associations between nitrate intake from food sources (plant, vegetable, animal, processed meat, and unprocessed meat) and likelihood of FCD.

Comparative effect of nonpharmacological interventions on emergence delirium prevention in children following sevoflurane general anesthesia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Children receiving general anesthesia while undergoing surgery have a significantly high incidence of emergence delirium (ED). Nonpharmacological interventions yield beneficial effects on preventing pediatric ED. However, the relative effects of nonpharmacological interventions on pediatric ED prevention based on various perioperative phases remain unknown.

Anti-listeria activity of newly isolated lactic acid bacteria from fermented foods and their application to smoked salmon(Coho).

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-listeria activities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Korean fermented foods and to assess the effect of fermentate (cells and cell-free supernatant [CFS]), CFS or cells in controlling L. monocytogenes on smoked salmon, packaged either in vacuum- and air-packaging. One L.

The impact of clearly defined debriefing practices on nurses working within an adult intensive care: A systematic review.

Objectives: To critically analyse and synthesise the literature describing the relationship between a debriefing intervention and wellbeing in the distinct population of registered nurses working in the adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Methods: The JBI literature review methodology was used to analyse primary research exploring a clearly defined debriefing process with an aim to improving wellbeing in the setting and population of ICU nurses. A comprehensive search of primary research published between 1st January 2004 and 9th May 2024 was conducted.

Driving risks assessment and in-vehicle warning design for improving work zone safety.

Work zones present unique risks to both workers and road users due to its complex and dynamic nature. This study developed a two-stage in-vehicle warning system aimed at refining driver behavior when approaching work zones and mitigating lane-changing risks. To accurately capture the thorough behavioral processes of drivers near work zones, a driving simulation experiment was conducted involving 38 participants of diverse genders and occupations.

An exploration of complex action stopping across multiple datasets: Insights into the mechanisms of action cancellation and re-programming.

A long history of psychological experiments has used stop signal paradigms to assess action inhibition. Recent studies have investigated complex stopping behaviours, such as response-selective stopping where only one component of a bimanual action requires cancellation. A current emphasis has been to use electromyographical (EMG) recordings to assess the temporal dynamics of action inhibition at the level of the muscle, beyond those based solely on observable behavioural events.

Poland's net-zero pathways: Moderating role of carbon tax and renewable energy on electricity generation through a novel multivariate quantile-on-quantile regression approach.

The global effort to meet the Paris Agreement's target of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C and achieving net-zero CO emissions by 2050 is currently off track, with Poland facing significant challenges related to energy inefficiency and rising CO emissions. In Poland, the energy sector is responsible for 43% of greenhouse gas emissions, with transportation and buildings contributing 19% and 16%, respectively (Brzeziński and Kolinski, 2024).

Effectiveness of digital contact tracing interventions for COVID-19: A systematic scoping review.

Objectives: Digital contact tracing (DCT) interventions have been deployed at unprecedented scale during COVID-19. However, no comprehensive appraisal of the evidence exists to date regarding their effectiveness. We aimed to systematically review the global literature for a holistic understanding of DCT effectiveness during COVID-19, and to identify factors that enabled or hindered its effectiveness.

A mixed methods evaluation of an alcohol and other drug psychoeducation program for clients with complex support needs.

Background: Clients with co-occurring and complex needs represent an important segment of the alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment population. Retaining and engaging individuals in AOD treatment is challenging, and this pursuit is further impeded when clients present with complex support needs. This study sought to establish the feasibility and acceptability of a newly developed psychoeducation program for this clientele, attending a non-residential treatment service in New South Wales.

Choosing for a Homebirth during COVID-19 Lockdown in The Netherlands, who and why: A national prospective questionnaire study.

Objective: During the first COVID-19 lockdown in the Netherlands (9 March-1 June 2020), the homebirth rate increased from 27 % to 37 % among women with low-risk pregnancies starting labour in primary midwife-led care (overall population: 15 % in 2020). We explored characteristics and motivations of women who change their preference from a hospital birth to a home birth.

Design: A nationwide prospective online questionnaire.

Cognitive profiles in primary progressive aphasia variants: A cross-cultural Australian and Spanish investigation.

Background: The effect of cultural differences in neurodegenerative diseases is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the cognitive profiles of English- and Spanish-speaking individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 461 participants: 215 participants from Australia and 246 from Spain.

Psychometric validation of the belief-based physical activity questionnaire.

This study aimed to develop and validate the belief-based PA questionnaire for young Saudi females (BPAQ-YSF) in Saudi Arabia, targeting women aged 18 to 35. Six experts first participated in the conceptual validation phase, while 8 reviewed the content validity. Cross-sectional validation was carried out using a test-retest design.