Impact of mass drug administration with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole for lymphatic filariasis on hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in Papua New Guinea.

Background: Persons with lymphatic filariasis (LF) are often co-infected with soil-transmitted helminths. A single co-administered dose of ivermectin/diethylcarbamazine/albendazole (IDA) is recommended by WHO for mass drug administration (MDA) for LF instead of diethylcarbamazine/albendazole (DA) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). We compared the effectiveness of a single round of MDA with IDA or DA on hookworm and strongyloidiasis in PNG.

Population-Based Assessment of Prevalence, Causes, and Risk Factors of Unilateral Vision Impairment in the Elderly Population in Telangana, India.

Purpose: To report the prevalence, causes, and risk factors for unilateral visual impairment (UVI) among the elderly population (≥60 years) in Telangana, India.

Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in four districts of Telangana. Trained teams conducted eye examinations.

Evaluating the effectiveness of camera-based fatigue and distraction detection technology in a rural truck driver cohort.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fatigue detection technology (FDT) cabin alarms in reducing fatigue events in rural truck drivers, assess the accuracy in detecting fatigue events alarms and examine whether drivers habituate to alarms over time.

Methods: Longitudinal naturalistic study of fatigue events before and after alarm activation.in 12 rural commercial trucks.

Physical proximity drives gay discrimination in the gig economy.

Despite legal protections, discrimination based on sexual orientation remains difficult to detect and measure in labor markets. We present evidence from a field experiment ( = 1,128) conducted in Australia on a major gig economy platform that allows users to outsource everyday tasks. By manipulating both the sexual orientation of job posters (gay vs.

eDNA confirms lower trophic interactions help to modulate population outbreaks of the notorious crown-of-thorns sea star.

Variability in predator-prey interactions can modulate population dynamics with impacts scalable to entire ecosystems. As notorious corallivores, crown-of-thorns sea stars (CoTS; spp.) have caused extensive losses of coral habitat during unexplained population outbreaks across the Indo-Pacific.

First record of species associated with in Australia.

In the wake of the detection of polyphagous shot hole borer () in Perth, Western Australia, in 2021 (Cook and Broughton 2023), and ongoing surveillance for Fusarium dieback associated with ambrosia beetles in New South Wales (NSW) (Callaghan et al. (2024), there is a growing need to characterize fungal associates of already-established species in Australia. Historically, plant health diagnostics targeting fungi vectored by tea shot hole borer, , in Australia has focused on , with only and reported to date (Aoki et al.

First record of watermelon crinkle leaf-associated virus 2 infecting watermelon in open field in Italy.

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) is an important horticultural crop in Italy, with a production of around 600,000 tons per year (third producer in the Europe). Viruses are considered a limiting factor in watermelon production, especially those transmitted by efficient vectors such as whiteflies and aphids.

Ruthenium(II) complexes with photoswitchable and photoejectable ligands.

A ruthenium(II) complex with a photoswitchable arylazopyrazole ligand is reported. Under irradiation a combination of photoisomerisation and photoejection of the ligand occurs.

Epidemiology of Viral Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Western Australia: A Retrospective Study From 2016 to 2021 Including the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Viral infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in neonates. The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in viral epidemiology in Western Australia. The impact on patients in neonatal intensive care is uncertain.

Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Given in the Week After Birth Does Not Impair Antibody Responses to Later Childhood Doses.

Background: A birth acellular pertussis vaccine may be a valuable alternative for immunity against infant pertussis when a pregnancy pertussis vaccine has not been administered. We assessed whether a birth dose may impair immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to childhood pertussis boosters.

Methods: Children from our previous randomized controlled trial who received a monovalent 3-component aP and hepatitis B vaccine at birth (aP group) or hepatitis B only (control group) followed by Infanrix hexa at 2, 4 and 6 months of age were randomized to receive either high or low-dose diphtheria-tetanus acellular pertussis combination vaccine (DTPa-Infanrix/dTpa-Boostrix) at 18 months and 4 years of age.

Junction Field-Effect Transistors Based on MoSe/WSe Heterostructures for High-Performance Photodetection.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials show great potential in creating high-performance ultracompact photodetectors. Existing 2D photodetectors are usually designed based on a photogating effect or photovoltaic effect. However, achieving a balance between photodetectivity and photoresponsivity presents a significant challenge due to increased dark currents at trap level recombination or the lack of a gain mechanism.

Transfer of Bacteria From Mothers to Infants Through Breast Milk: A Systematic Review.

There is a critical early window during infancy for establishing the intestinal microbiota. Increasing evidence shows that breast milk (BM) harbors its own distinct microbiota. However, the extent of its contribution to the infant intestinal microbiota remains unclear.

Interfacing with the Brain: How Nanotechnology Can Contribute.

Interfacing artificial devices with the human brain is the central goal of neurotechnology. Yet, our imaginations are often limited by currently available paradigms and technologies. Suggestions for brain-machine interfaces have changed over time, along with the available technology.

Fast and Accurate Prediction of Antibiotic Susceptibility in Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Isolates Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy: A Model Validation Study.

Diagnosing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains critical for improving patient survival rates and treatment outcomes. Current antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) suffer prolonged turnaround times, necessitating a minimum of 24 h for results. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy emerges as a promising phenotypic testing method in bacteriology due to its rapid chemical characterization capability.

sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov.: three members of group 1 .

Between 1976 and 2010, four bacterial isolates were collected in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia, and stored as part of routine biosecurity surveillance. Recently, these historic isolates were analysed as part of a larger project to enhance the taxonomic accuracy of our culture collection and improve Australia's biosecurity preparedness. Three isolates were collected from , initially identified as sp.

Global approaches to older abuse research in institutional care settings: A systematic review.

Background: Over the last two decades, abuse of older adults in institutional settings has been underestimated due to challenges in defining and responding to the issue. This systematic review aims to analyze empirical studies on measuring abuse of older people residing in a long-term care facility, specifically staff-to-resident abuse.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched 10 databases from January 2005 till June 2024.

A systematic review of assessment tools for cognitive frailty: Use, psychometric properties, and clinical utility.

Background: The concept of 'cognitive frailty' (CF) was first developed by an international consensus group in 2013 and defined as evidence of both physical frailty and cognitive impairment without a clinical diagnosis of AD or another dementia. CF has been associated with adverse health outcomes and early identification is vital. Difficulty in the assessment of CF however is the lack of a diagnostic gold standard.

Haplotype-based analysis distinguishes maternal-fetal genetic contribution to pregnancy-related outcomes.

Genotype-based approaches for the estimation of SNP-based narrow-sense heritability ([Formula: see text]) have limited utility in pregnancy-related outcomes due to confounding by the shared alleles between mother and child. Here, we propose a haplotype-based approach to estimate the genetic variance attributable to three haplotypes - maternal transmitted ([Formula: see text]), maternal non-transmitted ([Formula: see text]) and paternal transmitted ([Formula: see text]) in mother-child pairs. We show through extensive simulations that our haplotype-based approach outperforms the conventional and contemporary approaches for resolving the contribution of maternal and fetal effects, particularly when m1 and p1 have different effects in the offspring.

Morbillivirus and coronavirus survey in stranded cetaceans, Brazil.

Since 2010, Guiana dolphin morbillivirus (GDMV; family Paramyxoviridae, genus Morbillivirus, species Morbillivirus ceti, syn. Cetacean morbillivirus) is recognized as the cause of death of multiple cetacean species along the Brazilian coast, including an unusual mortality event in Rio de Janeiro state. Coronaviruses of the genus Gammacoronavirus (family Coronaviridae) have been previously detected in cetaceans in the northern hemisphere.

Do Psychological Factors Explain the Persistence of Symptoms in Individuals with Rotator Cuff-related Shoulder Pain? A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine whether psychosocial factors such as resilience, perceived stress, catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, pain self-efficacy, and social support, explain the persistence of pain and disability in individuals with RCRSP following an education program.

Methods: One hundred forty-three individuals with persistent RCRSP were included in this prospective cohort study. At baseline, participants completed self-reported questionnaires related to pain, disability, and psychosocial constructs, including resilience, stress, catastrophizing, anxiety and depressive symptoms, pain self-efficacy, and social support.

The spectrum of IDH- and H3-wildtype high-grade glioma subgroups occurring across teenage and young adult patient populations.

Background: High-grade gliomas (HGG) occur in any central nervous system (CNS) location and any age. HGGs in teenagers/young adults (TYA) are understudied. This project aimed to characterise these tumours to support accurate patient stratification.

Emotion regulation in daily life: Testing bidirectional temporal associations with positive and negative affect.

Emotion regulation and affect are closely linked, but little is known about the directionality of their associations in daily life contexts, there is a particular lack of studies that include positive affect and its upregulation, and numerous methodological limitations constrain conclusions that can be drawn. We tested bidirectional associations of four emotion regulation strategies (distraction, reappraisal, rumination, savoring) with positive and negative affect, using ecological momentary assessment. Adult community participants ( = 345) oversampled for treatment-seeking completed up to six reports per day for 7 days.

Consumer Contribution in Designing Medicinal Cannabis Clinical Trials in Palliative Medicine.

Medicinal cannabis clinical trials in palliative medicine present unique and complex challenges encompassing ethical, legal, and feasibility obligations, making consumer input essential. However, little is known about the consumer contribution in the medicinal cannabis research space. We present a case report on consumer contribution in the design and conduct of a Phase I/IIb medicinal cannabis clinical trial for anorexia in people with advanced cancer.