The influence of deprivation on cortical development and psychotic symptoms in youth.

Background: People with early-life experiences of deprivation are more likely to develop psychotic symptoms. While the mechanisms of this relationship are poorly understood, research suggests a role of cortical development.

Methods: In 6323 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, we examined associations between total, material, interpersonal, cognitive and neighbourhood deprivation at age 9-11 years and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) 2 years later.

Identifying Factors Associated With Breastfeeding Length Among Filipino Migrant Women in South Korea.

Background: Migrant women becoming mothers often face social, economic, and family challenges that can affect their dietary and breastfeeding practices. This study identified factors associated with breastfeeding length in migrant women.

Methods: The study sample involved 504 migrant women from the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL) in 2014-2016.

Evaluation of a nationwide whole-school approach to mental health and well-being in 40 149 Australian secondary school students: cluster quasi-experimental study.

Background: Adolescence is the peak life stage for the development of mental illness. Whole-school approaches to mental health and well-being, modelled on the World Health Organization's Health-Promoting Schools Framework, hold vast potential in this developmentally sensitive period. However, the evidence base for these interventions is inconclusive.

Comparative Efficacy of Immunosuppressive Therapies in the Treatment of Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis.

Objectives: The RESOLVE-1 trial of lenabasum in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) allowed background immunosuppressive therapy (IST) at the discretion of individual investigators, and no significant differences were observed between treatment arms. This provides a powerful opportunity to compare the relative efficacy of different ISTs in a well-defined large cohort of patients with dcSSc.

Methods: Prespecified IST categories, efficacy end points, baseline disease characteristics likely to influence efficacy outcomes, the definition of interstitial lung disease, definitions of IST use, and categories of IST use by which efficacy outcomes were evaluated were.

Challenges of Managing Lupus Nephritis in an Emerging Nephrology Centre: A Fijian Cohort Study.

Aim: To characterise the epidemiology and outcomes of Lupus Nephritis (LN) in Fiji.

Methods: All adult LN cases diagnosed from 2016 to 2020 at the national referral hospital were included. Treatment response, kidney failure, dialysis dependence and death were reported.

Soil pH-dependent nitrogen stimulation of plant biomass: magnesium and calcium as key constraints.

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition can alleviate N limitation and stimulate plant growth in many terrestrial ecosystems. While theoretical models often emphasize phosphorus limitations as a constraint on this positive N effect, the impact of N-induced magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) deficits due to soil acidification has been largely overlooked. Here, we synthesized data from 243 experiments across diverse terrestrial ecosystems to investigate the role of Mg and Ca in plant biomass responses to N addition.

Genetically based trait coordination and phenotypic plasticity of growth, gas exchange, allometry, and hydraulics across the distribution range of Pinus pinaster.

Studying intraspecific trait variation across environments is key for understanding how resource-use strategies evolve. It is hypothesized that plants from mesic environments have evolved toward a more acquisitive strategy with high growth potential and phenotypic plasticity, while populations from xeric continental climates exhibit a conservative strategy with slower growth and better physiological performance under drier conditions. We tested this hypothesis through the phenotypical characterization of 14-yr-old Pinus pinaster Aiton trees from 20 range-wide populations growing in two climatically contrasting common gardens.

Aseptic meningitis in the setting of giant cell arteritis (GCA): a case report.

Background: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitis primarily affecting medium- and large-sized arteries. The diagnosis may be challenging and lead to delays in treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis is an uncommon association but may occur due to central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis or pachymeningitis.

Oncological and Survival Endpoints in Cancer Cachexia Clinical Trials: Systematic Review 6 of the Cachexia Endpoints Series.

Background: In patients receiving anti-cancer treatment, cachexia results in poorer oncological outcomes. However, there is limited understanding and no systematic review of oncological endpoints in cancer cachexia (CC) trials. This review examines oncological endpoints in CC clinical trials.

Automated deep learning-based assessment of tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte density determines prognosis in colorectal cancer.

Background: The presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a well-established prognostic biomarker across multiple cancer types, with higher TIL counts being associated with lower recurrence rates and improved patient survival. We aimed to examine whether an automated intraepithelial TIL (iTIL) assessment could stratify patients by risk, with the ability to generalise across independent patient cohorts, using routine H&E slides of colorectal cancer (CRC). To our knowledge, no other existing fully automated iTIL system has demonstrated this capability.

Residency training or migration: a multi-centric study exploring the willingness to migrate among medical residents in Iran.

Background: The migration of skilled medical professionals from low- and middle-income countries, particularly when facing a shortage of physicians, negatively affects the capacity to meet essential health and social needs. This study aimed to investigate the willingness to migrate and its associated factors from the perspective of medical residents in Iran.

Methods: This multi-centric cross-sectional study was conducted in four top-ranked medical schools across Iran.

Health professionals' perceptions of the Walter Sisulu University's integrated longitudinal clinical clerkship on service delivery in rural district hospitals in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Background: The Integrated Longitudinal Clinical Clerkship (ILCC) is seen as an enabling learning space for medical students and empowering preceptors. The presence of ILCC students in hospitals contributes to delivering health services and sustained improvement in the quality of health services in those facilities. This study explored health professionals' perceptions of the impact of a South African medical university's ILCC on health professionals' workload and service delivery in district hospitals.

Effectiveness of phosphate binders on mortality and cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease patients with hyperphosphatemia: a multicenter real-world cohort study.

Background: Uncontrolled hyperphosphatemia in end stage renal disease (ESRD) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), bone disorders, and premature mortality. Randomized controlled trials show reduced CVD risk of non-calcium-based phosphate-binders (NCBPBs) compared to CBPBs although evidence from real world data is less consistent. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of NCBPBs, CBPBs, to no phosphate-binder (PB) on mortality and cardiovascular disease in Thai hyperphosphatemic ESRDs.

LILRB3 genetic variation is associated with kidney transplant failure in African American recipients.

African American (AA) kidney transplant recipients exhibit a higher rate of graft loss compared with other racial and ethnic populations, highlighting the need to identify causative factors. Here, in the Genomics of Chronic Allograft Rejection cohort, pretransplant blood RNA sequencing revealed a cluster of four consecutive missense single-nucelotide polymorphisms (SNPs), within the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B3 (LILRB3) gene, strongly associated with death-censored graft loss. This SNP cluster (named LILRB3-4SNPs) encodes missense mutations at amino acids 617-618 proximal to a SHP1/2 phosphatase-binding immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif.

UK Biobank data demonstrate long-term exposure to floods is a risk factor for incident dementia.

Background: Flooding has emerged as the most prevalent natural disaster, impacting billions of individuals worldwide. However, the long-term effects of flooding exposure on dementia remain unclear.

Methods: With a nested case-control design, a risk-set sampling method was used to match cases and controls.

Ethical considerations in AI for child health and recommendations for child-centered medical AI.

There does not exist any previous comprehensive review on AI ethics in child health or any guidelines for management, unlike in adult medicine. This review describes ethical principles in AI for child health and provides recommendations for child-centered medical AI. We also introduce the Pediatrics EthicAl Recommendations List for AI (PEARL-AI) framework for clinicians and AI developers to ensure ethical AI enabled systems in healthcare for children.

Enhancing cybersecurity through script development using machine and deep learning for advanced threat mitigation.

This scholarly paper explores the utilization of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methodologies to enhance the cybersecurity aspects of script development. Given the increasing panorama of threats in contemporary software creation, cybersecurity has ascended to a critical realm of concern. Traditional security measures frequently prove inadequate in countering complex breaches.

It's the little things. A framework and guidance for programs to care for infants 22-23 weeks' gestational age.

Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) developing a tiny baby program-a clinical approach for care of infants born before 24 weeks' gestation-have a limited, but growing, body of evidence to guide practice. Infants born 22-23 weeks have more immature organ development and physiology than more mature extremely low birth weight infants. Centers of excellence (CoEs) in the care of tiny babies have evolved integrated approaches to clinical care in which the management of each physiologic system impacts other systems.

Egg intake in relation to metabolic health status, serum brain derived neurotrophic factor, and adropin levels in Iranian adults.

There is conflicting information about the association between egg intake and metabolic health status and no previous information on this association was found in Middle Eastern populations. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between egg consumption and metabolic health status in Iranian adults, focusing on the potential involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin. This cross-sectional study was done on a sample of 527 individuals (45.

Exploring a patient-specific in vitro pipeline for stratification and drug response prediction of microglia-based therapeutics.

The scarcity of effective biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for predicting disease onset and progression in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major challenge. Conventional drug discovery approaches have been unsuccessful in providing efficient interventions due to their 'one-size-fits-all' nature. As an alternative, personalised drug development holds promise to pre-select responders and identifying suitable indicators of drug efficacy.

Consumers' perspectives on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in food animals: a systematic review.

Inappropriate antibiotic use in food animals is considered a significant contributor to increasing antibiotic resistance. Consumers can play a critical role in reducing it through purchasing choices, demand, and policy advocacy. This systematic review aimed to synthesize all published literature investigating consumers' perspectives (i.