The plasma metabolome of juvenile idiopathic arthritis varies according to subtype and underlying inflammatory status.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is challenging to classify and effectively monitor due to the lack of disease- and subtype-specific biomarkers. A robust molecular signature that tracks with specific JIA features over time is urgently required, and targeted plasma metabolomics may reveal such a signature. The primary aim of this study was to characterise the differences in the plasma metabolome between JIA patients and non-JIA controls and identify specific markers of JIA subtype.

Perceptions of family physicians in Istanbul about e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids: a qualitative study.

Background: Family physicians (FPs) are the first point of contact for people who smoke who are seeking to quit smoking in Türkiye. We aimed to explore Turkish FPs knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids.

Methods: Eleven in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with FPs in Istanbul, Türkiye.

More than a feeling: emotional regulation strategies for simulation-based education.

Simulation-based education often involves learners or teams attempting to manage situations at the limits of their abilities. As a result, it can elicit emotional reactions in participants. These emotions are not good or bad, they simply are.

Effectiveness of an online food shopping intervention to reduce salt purchases among individuals with hypertension - findings of the SaltSwitch Online Grocery Shopping (OGS) randomised trial.

Background: Online grocery shopping is a growing source of food purchases in many countries. We investigated the effect of nudging consumers towards purchases of lower sodium products using a web browser extension.

Methods: This trial was conducted among individuals with hypertension who shopped for their groceries online in Australia.

Focus group-supported development and psychometric exploration of an instrument to assess perceived physical exertion in nursing students.

Background: The physical demands of nurses during their work and education are high. In addition, shortage in nursing staff increases the individual workload. However, an appropriate tool to measure perceived physical exertion in nursing students is missing.

Harmonizing measurement tools: examining the concurrent validity of the Daily Activity Behaviors Questionnaire compared to the ActiGraph to assess 24-hour movement behaviors among adults.

Purpose: An accurate assessment of time spent in 24-hour movement behaviors (24 h-MBs) is crucial in exploring health related associations. This study aims to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Daily Activity Behavior Questionnaire (DABQ) compared to the ActiGraph using absolute and relative indicators of validity.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 105 adults (45 ± 13 y/o, 54% female).

Harnessing 3D models to uncover the mechanisms driving infectious and inflammatory disease in the intestine.

Representative models of intestinal diseases are transforming our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of disease, facilitating effective drug screening and avenues for personalised medicine. Despite the emergence of 3D in vitro intestinal organoid culture systems that replicate the genetic and functional characteristics of the epithelial tissue of origin, there are still challenges in reproducing the human physiological tissue environment in a format that enables functional readouts. Here, we describe the latest platforms engineered to investigate environmental tissue impacts, host-microbe interactions and enable drug discovery.

Engaging fathers(to-be): a pilot study on the adaptation and programme experience of SMS4baba intervention in Kenya's informal settlements.

Background: Engaging fathers(to-be) can improve maternal, newborn, and child health outcomes. However, father-focused interventions in low-resource settings are under-researched. As part of an integrated early childhood development pilot cluster randomised trial in Nairobi's informal settlements, this study aimed to test the feasibility of a text-only intervention for fathers (SMS4baba) adapted from one developed in Australia (SMS4dads).

Pediatric and adolescent cancer disparities in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: incidence, mortality, and survival across socioeconomic strata.

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in children and adolescents, with a significant concentration in low and middle-income countries. Previous research has identified disparities in cancer incidence and mortality based on a country's level of development. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region comprises of countries with heterogeneous income and development levels.

Repairing muscle with broccoli-derived sulforaphane: A preclinical evaluation for the treatment of mitochondrial myopathies.

Skeletal muscle health relies on the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mitochondria. ATP production is accompanied by oxidative phosphorylation, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). When there is an imbalance in ROS levels, oxidative stress and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial myopathies including sarcopenia, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and proximal myopathy can result.

AZR-MD-001 0.5% selenium sulfide ophthalmic ointment for the treatment of contact lens discomfort: A vehicle-controlled, randomized, clinical trial.

Background: Contact lens discomfort (CLD) is a common problem for CL wearers, and patients with CLD often have changes in meibomian gland function and structure. In a Phase 2 trial AZR-MD-001 0.5% (AZR) ophthalmic ointment improved meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in non-lens wearers.

Analysis of mechanisms of the rabies virus P protein-nucleocapsid interaction using engineered N-protein peptides and potential applications in antivirals design.

The Phosphoprotein (P protein) of the rabies virus has multiple roles in virus replication. A critical function is to act as a cofactor in genome replication and mRNA production through binding via its N-terminal region to the L protein, the essential enzyme for mRNA and genome synthesis/processing, and via its C-terminal domain (P) to the N protein and viral RNA (N-RNA) ribonucleoprotein complex. The binding site of the P on the N protein is a disordered loop that is expected to be phosphorylated at Ser389.

CLEC12B regulates melanocyte immunity and homeostasis in the skin through the STAT1/IRF1 axis.

CLEC12B is a C-type lectin receptor involved in the inhibition of natural killers-mediated cytotoxicity. We have previously shown that CLEC12B is predominantly expressed on melanocytes, inhibits melanin production and pigmentation as well as proliferation of melanoma. To date, the role of CLEC12B in skin immunity is unknown.

Sulfonamide-Pyrazole derivatives as next-generation Cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme inhibitors: From molecular design to in vivo efficacy.

The current research focuses on the design and synthesis of celecoxib analogues incorporating sulphonamide pyrazole moieties 4, 5, 6a-e, and 7a-f with the aim of achieving a broad range of COX-2 selectivity in vitro. Among these, compounds 6b-d, 7a, 7e, and 7d exhibited potent inhibition, with IC values ranging between 0.05 and 0.

Increased age and reduced physical activity level worsen thermoregulatory pacing behaviour in men during walking exercise in the heat.

Older adults are vulnerable to heat-related morbidity and mortality due to reduced thermoregulatory function associated with aging. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age and thermoregulatory behaviour during walking exercise in Control (22 °C; 40% relative humidity [RH]) and Hot (35 °C, 40% RH) conditions. Thirty-six healthy males (age 46 ± 20 (range 19-86) years; stature 177 ± 7 cm; body mass 75.

Recent developments, challenges, and prospects of dietary omega-3 PUFA-fortified foods: Focusing on their effects on cardiovascular diseases.

Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Dω-3 PUFAs) have been extensively studied and have been proven to offer notable benefits for heart health. Scientific meta-analysis strongly endorses them as potent bioactive agents capable of preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fortification of foods with Dω-3 PUFAs is a potential strategy for enhancing Dω-3 PUFA intake in an effort to continue strengthening public health outcomes.

Antisemitism in Medicine: An International Perspective.

Throughout history, Jewish people have long been recognized for their achievements in the world of medical science. For example, prior to the Holocaust, many outstanding physicians in Germany were Jewish. However, even in the 1930s, refugee European Jewish doctors faced significant barriers when they tried to escape and practice elsewhere because of long-standing prejudices and anti-Jewish quotas in medical schools and hospitals around the world.

Prevalence and associations of cerebral microbleeds in an Australian memory clinic cohort.

Background: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small brain haemorrhages, identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They indicate potential for cognitive decline and mortality in memory clinic attendees. The presence of more than four CMBs is exclusionary for some clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

A 3-dimensional comparative assessment of the dentoskeletal effects of clear aligners vs temporary skeletal anchorage device-assisted posterior intrusion in adolescents with anterior open bite: A single-center, retrospective, cohort study.

Introduction: The dentoskeletal effects of clear aligner treatment (CAT) with Invisalign vs temporary skeletal anchorage device-anchored Sydney intrusion spring (SIS) were compared in consecutively treated growing patients with anterior open bite using cone-beam computed tomography scans.

Methods: Fifteen adolescents treated exclusively with Invisalign, and 14 with SIS (first-phase treatment) were assessed retrospectively. Rigid-wise, voxel-based registration of pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans were performed using the anterior cranial base, maxillary plane, and mandibular body as reference regions.

Gene Polymorphisms in Greek Primary Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with distinct clinical subtypes, categorized by hormone receptor status, which exhibits different prognoses and requires personalized treatment approaches. These subtypes included luminal A and luminal B, which have different prognoses. Breast cancer development and progression involve many factors, including interferon-gamma ().

A Collection of Useful Nuisance Compounds (CONS) for Interrogation of Bioassay Integrity.

High-throughput screening (HTS) is a crucial technique for identifying potential hits to fuel drug discovery pipelines. However, this process naturally concentrates nuisance compounds that are not optimizable yet signal positively in a convincing manner. To be able to understand what types of nuisance compounds a particular assay is sensitive to, would be of great utility in being able to prioritize progressable over nonprogressable screening hits.