The challenge of antimicrobial resistance in the Asia-Pacific: a pediatric perspective.

Purpose Of Review: The densely populated Asia Pacific region is home to 600 million children, and suffers from a significant burden of morbidity and mortality due to infections associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We aimed to identify the drivers, challenges and potential opportunities to alter the burden of AMR within the region.

Recent Findings: Despite the high AMR burden borne by the Asia Pacific region, there are limited (and geographically imbalanced) published data to delineate the contemporary epidemiology of serious multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in children.

Transgression of planetary boundaries and the effects on child health through an infectious diseases lens.

Purpose Of Review: Life on earth, as we know it, is changing. The likelihood of more frequent pandemics and disease outbreaks is something that current global healthcare infrastructure is ill equipped to navigate. Human activity is forcing our planet into a new geologic epoch, the Anthropocene, which is typified by increased uncertainty resulting from human disruption of earth's life-giving ecosystems.

Abolition of Aorticorenal Ganglia Pacing Responses Improves Denervation Efficacy.

Background: Transcatheter renal denervation (RDN) remains inconsistent despite developments in ablation technologies, due to the lack of an intraprocedural physiological end point.

Objective: To identify whether aorticorenal ganglion (ARG) guided RDN using microwave (MW) catheter leads to more consistent denervation outcomes compared with empirical MW ablation.

Methods: Pigs underwent sham procedure (n=8) or bilateral RDN using an in-house built open-irrigated MW catheter.

Impaired Exercise Capacity in High-Risk Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The ARISE-HF Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Subanalysis.

Background: Objective indices of functional capacity in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy and stage B heart failure (HF) have not been comprehensively defined. We sought to characterize the cardiopulmonary exercise characteristics of individuals with diabetic cardiomyopathy at high risk for overt HF.

Methods: The relationships from cardiopulmonary exercise testing with clinical and laboratory characteristics of participants with diabetic cardiomyopathy were evaluated using baseline data from the ARISE-HF trial (Aldose Reductase Inhibition for Stabilization of Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure).

On comfort in palliative care.

Comfort is a central aspect of palliative care, encompassing the management of pain and symptoms, as well as how people feel and experience care. Comfort has been argued to be especially tenuous or transient in palliative care, as a constantly shifting set of bodily sensations and relations are anticipated and cared for. In this article, drawing on in-depth interviews and photo elicitation, we explore the accounts of patients, family carers, staff and volunteers from a palliative care service in Australia, to understand how care is configured and facilitated through everyday gestures of comfort.

Ultra-Early Hematoma Expansion Is Associated With Ongoing Hematoma Growth and Poor Functional Outcome.

There is limited data on ultra-early hematoma growth dynamics and its clinical relevance in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to estimate the incidence of hematoma expansion (HE) within the hyperacute period of ICH, describe hematoma dynamics over time, investigate the associations between ultra-early HE and clinical outcomes after ICH, and assess the effect of tranexamic acid on ultra-early HE. We performed a planned secondary analysis of the STOP-MSU international multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Low temperature thermal RAFT depolymerization: the effect of Z-group substituents on molecular weight control and yield.

The labile end-groups inherent to many controlled radical polymerization methodologies, including atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, can trigger the efficient chemical recycling of polymethacrylates yielding high percentages of pristine monomer. Yet, current thermal solution ATRP and RAFT depolymerization strategies require relatively high temperatures ( 120-170 °C) to proceed, with slower depolymerization rates, and moderate yields often reported under milder reaction conditions ( lower temperatures). In this work, we seek to promote the low temperature RAFT depolymerization of polymethacrylates regulating the Z-group substitution of dithiobenzoate.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma versus placebo or corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The effectiveness of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (IA-PRP) injections for managing pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) remains inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of IA-PRP.

Methods: A total of 21 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected from various scientific databases, all of which compared PRP to either a placebo or an active comparator, such as corticosteroids (CS), in the treatment of KOA.

Health workers' adoption of digital health technology in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the facilitators of and barriers to the acceptance and use of digital health technology by health workers in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: We searched several databases for relevant articles published until 25 April 2024. We extracted data on four unified theories of acceptance and use of technology factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions) and six additional factors (attitude, habit, incentive, risk, trust and self-efficacy); how these affected the outcomes of behavioural intention and actual use; and the strength of association if reported.

Artificial intelligence, recessionary pressures and population health.

Economic and labour policies have a considerable influence on health and well-being through direct financial impacts, and by shaping social and physical environments. Strong economies are important for public health investment and employment, yet the rapid rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to reshape economies, presenting challenges beyond mere temporary market disruption. Generative AI can perform non-routine cognitive tasks, previously unattainable though traditional automation, creating new efficiencies.

The Global Burden of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women of Reproductive Age: Findings from the GBD 2019 Study.

Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder and the primary cause of anovulatory infertility among women aged 15-49 years. Despite its significance, it has been largely overlooked in global health discussions, with persistently high prevalence and incidence rates. This public health challenge necessitates attention both domestically and internationally.

Global insights into the genome dynamics of associated with antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and genomic adaptations among clonal lineages.

Background: is a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections, with rising antimicrobial resistance complicating treatment. This study offers a genomic analysis of , focusing on sequence types (STs), global distribution, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors in its chromosomal and plasmid DNA.

Methods: A total of 19,711 genomes were retrieved from GenBank.

Chronic fetal hypoxia and antenatal Vitamin C exposure differentially regulate molecular signalling in the lung of female lambs in early adulthood.

Introduction: Chronic fetal hypoxia is commonly associated with fetal growth restriction and can predispose to respiratory disease at birth and in later life. Antenatal antioxidant treatment has been investigated to overcome the effects of oxidative stress to improve respiratory outcomes. We aimed to determine if the effects of chronic fetal hypoxia and antenatal antioxidant administration persist in the lung in early adulthood.

Trends and socioeconomic inequalities in receiving vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6-59 months in Bangladesh: analysis of nationwide cross-sectional data from 2004 to 2017.

Introduction: The coverage of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is still short of the target set by the government to reach 90% coverage of VAS in Bangladesh. The present study aims to examine the socioeconomic and geographical inequalities in receiving VAS among children aged 6-59 months in Bangladesh from 2004 to 2017.

Methods: The Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys for the years 2004-2017 were accessed through the WHO's Health Equity Assessment Toolkit.

Health policy to address disease-related malnutrition: a scoping review.

Background: Health policies promote optimal care, yet policies that address disease-related malnutrition (DRM) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review to identify literature on existing and planned policy to address DRM in children or adults and explore the settings, contexts and actors of DRM policy.

Methods: A search strategy comprising DRM and policy keywords was applied to eight databases on 24 February 2023.

Promotion of Physical Activity by Health Professionals (PROMOTE-PA): protocol for effectiveness outcomes in a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised controlled trial.

Promotion of physical activity by health professionals can increase physical activity participation among patients, however, implementing physical activity promotion within hospital systems is lacking. The Promotion of Physical Activity by Health Professionals (PROMOTE-PA) study is a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of support for physical activity promotion by health professionals on physical activity participation of patients. Health professionals delivering outpatient healthcare services within four local health districts and one specialty health network in New South Wales, Australia will be included.

External negative pressure improves lung aeration in near-term rabbit kittens at risk of developing respiratory distress.

Introduction: As airway liquid is cleared into lung interstitial tissue after birth, the chest wall must expand to accommodate this liquid and the incoming air. We examined the effect of applying external positive and negative pressures to the chest wall on lung aeration in near-term rabbit kittens at risk of developing respiratory distress.

Methods: Rabbit kittens (30 days; term ∼31 days) were randomised into and groups.

Study Protocol for 'PsilOCD: A Pharmacological Challenge Study Evaluating the Effects of the 5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin on the Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates of Compulsivity'.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex condition marked by persistent distressing thoughts and repetitive behaviours. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms behind OCD remain elusive, and current treatments are limited. This protocol outlines an investigative study for individuals with OCD, exploring the potential of psilocybin to improve key components of cognition implicated in the disorder.

The progress in the field of clinical staging for mental disorders within the last decade: an updated systematic review.

Introduction: Clinical staging aims to refine psychiatric diagnosis by describing mental disorders on a continuum of disorder progression, with the pragmatic goal of improved treatment planning and outcome prediction. The first systematic review on this topic, published a decade ago, included 78 papers, and identified separate staging models for schizophrenia, unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, substance use disorder, anorexia, and bulimia nervosa. The current review updates this review by including new proposals for staging models and by systematically reviewing research based upon full or partial staging models since 2012.

Factors influencing type 2 diabetes self-management practices in rural Bangladesh: a qualitative investigation.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent, chronic health condition of global significance, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately affected. Diabetes self-management practices (DSMP) are the gold-standard treatment approach, yet uptake remains challenge in LMICs.

Purpose Of The Study: This study aimed to explore the barriers to and facilitators of DSMP and preferences for intervention design and delivery in Bangladesh, an LMIC, with prevalent T2DM.

Searching for the unexpected - understanding information-seeking behaviours of people new to prison visits.

Often, when an offender is sentenced their family and friends find themselves in a state of uncertainty. At this point, family and friends of prisoners need support and often find themselves alone to navigate and learn the correctional system to gain visitation approval. It is unknown how people new to visitation learns the rules and processes of prison visits to gain visitation access.

An examination of criminal offenders with dementia in Australian courts.

This study aims to characterize people with dementia who were charged with criminal offences between 1995 and 2020 and describe their offending. Court cases were derived from Australian legal databases and descriptive data were manually extracted from case reports. Of 62 people variously charged with homicide, assault, child sexual assault, breach of conditions, property and larceny offences, driving offences, perverting the course of justice and arson, 46 were identified as having executive dysfunction, either as stated by medical expert witnesses or implicitly, due to conditions like Huntington's disease and frontotemporal dementia.

IQ thresholds and influence of the assessor's professional discipline on fitness to stand trial assessment outcomes in Aotearoa New Zealand.

There is considerable variability in fitness to stand trial (FST) findings between assessors, which may potentially influence the courts' decisions for defendants with intellectual disability (ID). This study aims to determine the influence of the defendant's intelligence quotient (IQ) score and the assessor's professional discipline on FST findings and court outcomes for ID defendants in Aotearoa New Zealand. This study included 146 defendants with ID who were assessed between 2005 and 2015.