Impact of Physical and Psychological Strain on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Construction Industry.

This study examined the interplay between physical workload, psychological stress, and the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among construction workers in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study used a purposive sampling technique to gather quantitative data from 409 respondents working in four construction companies through structured questionnaires. Data collection tools included the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III (COPSOQ III), the K10 scale for psychosocial distress, and the Nordic Body Map for musculoskeletal symptoms.

Leadership and management skills for student nurses: a scoping review.

Background: Existing literature has emphasized the importance of certain skills vital for student nurses as they prepare for leadership and management roles before becoming registered nurses. This review aims to provide a more comprehensive insight into the essential leadership and management skills identified in previous research. The current study seeks to explore the leadership and management skills necessary to prepare student nurses for their roles in clinical settings.

Development and evaluation of patient-centred polygenic risk score reports for glaucoma screening.

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRS), which provide an individual probabilistic estimate of genetic susceptibility to develop a disease, have shown effective risk stratification for glaucoma onset. However, there is limited best practice evidence for reporting PRS and patient-friendly reports for communicating PRS effectively are lacking. Here we developed patient-centred PRS reports for glaucoma screening based on the literature, and evaluated them with participants using a qualitative research approach.

Exploring the influence of pregnancy on cognitive function in women: a systematic review.

Background: Pregnancy has been increasingly recognized for its potential impact on cognitive function influenced significantly by hormonal fluctuations such as estrogen and progesterone. However, the findings from research in this area remain debated, often varying with individual factors and pregnancy trimesters.

Objective: This study aims to systematically review existing literature and empirical research to better understand the phenomenon known as "pregnancy brain" and its association with cognitive change.

Difference of SARS-CoV-2 infection and influence factors between people with and without HIV infection.

Background: There are mixed findings in the literature regarding the association between HIV status and the risk of COVID-19 infection. Thus, we aimed to estimate the association between characteristics of HIV infection and the risk of COVID-19 Infection in a Chinese sample.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1995 people living with HIV (PLWH) and 3503 HIV-negative adults in Ningbo, China.

Discriminatory power of trabeculectomy bleb internal reflectivity and morphology in surgical success using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Background: The post-operative evaluation of trabeculectomy blebs has traditionally relied on subjective clinical grading systems performed at the slit-lamp. This study explores the use of swept source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to objectively measure bleb internal reflectivity and morphology, and to distinguish blebs with surgical success vs. failure.

Subgroups based on fears of evaluation exhibited different social anxiety levels.

The bivalent fear of evaluation model proposes that fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE) are distinct but related constructs, and that social anxiety arises when they are elevated. This represents a variable-centered perspective. However, a recent review suggested that individuals may be affected by unique combinations of FNE and FPE because they have different functions, mechanisms, and outcomes.

Fetal cardiac function in pregnancy affected by congenital heart disease: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common fetal malformation, and it can result first in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction and later in cardiac failure and hydrops. A limited number of studies have evaluated cardiac function in fetuses affected by CHD. Functional parameters could potentially identify fetuses at risk of cardiac failure before its development.

Women and birth partners' experiences of cervical ripening at home and in hospital.

Background: In the United Kingdom, induction of labour rates are rapidly rising, and around a third of pregnant women undergo the procedure. The first stage, cervical ripening, traditionally carried out in hospital, is increasingly offered outpatient - or 'at home'. The current induction of labour rates place considerable demand on maternity services and impact women's experiences of care, and at home cervical ripening has been suggested as potential solution for alleviating these.

Is maternal diabetes during pregnancy associated with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children? Insights from individual participant data meta-analysis in ten birth cohorts.

Background: Growing evidence shows that dysregulated metabolic intrauterine environments can affect offspring's neurodevelopment and behaviour. However, the results of individual cohort studies have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal diabetes before pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children.

PathoGD: an integrative genomics approach to primer and guide RNA design for CRISPR-based diagnostics.

Critical to the success of CRISPR-based diagnostic assays is the selection of a diagnostic target highly specific to the organism of interest, a process often requiring iterative cycles of manual selection, optimisation, and redesign. Here we present PathoGD, a bioinformatic pipeline for rapid and high-throughput design of RPA primers and gRNAs for CRISPR-Cas12a-based pathogen detection. PathoGD is fully automated, leverages publicly available sequences and is scalable to large datasets, allowing rapid continuous monitoring and validation of primer/gRNA sets to ensure ongoing assay relevance.

Risk-directed management of chronic kidney disease.

The timely and rational institution of therapy is a key step towards reducing the global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a heterogeneous entity with varied aetiologies and diverse trajectories, which include risk of kidney failure but also cardiovascular events and death. Developments in the past decade include substantial progress in CKD risk prediction, driven in part by the accumulation of electronic health records data.

Caerin 1.1/1.9-mediated antitumor immunity depends on IFNAR-Stat1 signalling of tumour infiltrating macrophage by autocrine IFNα and is enhanced by CD47 blockade.

Previously, we demonstrated that natural host-defence peptide caerin 1.1/caerin 1.9 (F1/F3) increases the efficacy of anti-PD-1 and therapeutic vaccine, in a HPV16 + TC-1 tumour model, but the anti-tumor mechanism of F1/F3 is still unclear.

Kidney immunology from pathophysiology to clinical translation.

Kidney diseases are widespread and represent a considerable medical, social and economic burden. However, there has been marked progress in understanding the immunological aspects of kidney disease. This includes the identification of distinct intrarenal immunological niches and characterization of kidney disease endotypes according to the underlying molecular immunopathology, as well as a better understanding of the pathological roles for T cells, mononuclear phagocytes and B cells and the renal elements they target.

Fire-driven disruptions of global soil biochemical relationships.

Fires alter the stability of organic matter and promote soil erosion which threatens the fundamental coupling of soil biogeochemical cycles. Yet, how soil biogeochemistry and its environmental drivers respond to fire remain virtually unknown globally. Here, we integrate experimental observations and random forest model, and reveal significant divergence in the responses of soil biogeochemical attributes to fire, including soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents worldwide.

Highly sensitive, responsive, and selective iodine gas sensor fabricated using AgI-functionalized graphene.

Radioactive molecular iodine (I) is a critical volatile pollutant generated in nuclear energy applications, necessitating sensors that rapidly and selectively detect low concentrations of I vapor to protect human health and the environment. In this study, we design and prepare a three-component sensing material comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the substrate, silver iodide (AgI) particles as active sites, and polystyrene sulfonate as an additive. The AgI particles enable reversible adsorption and conversion of I molecules into polyiodides, inducing substantial charge density variation in rGO.

Advancing the genetic engineering toolbox by combining AsCas12a knock-in mice with ultra-compact screening.

Cas12a is a next-generation gene editing tool that enables multiplexed gene targeting. Here, we present a mouse model that constitutively expresses enhanced Acidaminococcus sp. Cas12a (enAsCas12a) linked to an mCherry fluorescent reporter.

Amphibian cellular immune response to chytridiomycosis at metamorphic climax.

The fungal disease chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]) is a primary contributor to amphibian declines. The frog metamorphic stages, characterised by extensive physiological reorganisation and energy expenditure, have heightened susceptibility to Bd. However, little is known about how these metamorphic stages respond immunologically to Bd infection.

Psychiatrists' Attitude Towards Smoking Cessation Support (PATSS): Exploring Psychometric Properties of the Measurement Tool.

The attitude of psychiatrists plays a crucial role in screening and supporting smoking cessation, especially with people with serious mental illness (SMI). The development of an attitude scale can improve the success of quitting among people with SMI. This study aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of psychiatrists' attitudes toward smoking cessation support (PATSS).

Negative Reactions to Positive Gender Stereotypes: Different Levels of Positivity Elicit Similar Negative Reactions.

Positive stereotypes may elicit targets' negative reactions, but it is not well understood whether targets react differently to various levels of such stereotypes. Two studies examined targets' negative reactions to various levels of positive gender stereotypes. Chinese students were recruited as participants (N = 1204), who were randomly assigned to the somewhat, moderately, or extremely positive gender stereotype conditions or the control condition.

Multiplexing Label-Free Polymeric Nanocarriers via Antipolymer Antibodies.

Recent examples of immune responses directed against the synthetic polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have led to the development of biocompatible polymers, which are viewed as promising candidates to act as surrogate materials for use in biological applications, such as hydrophilic poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx). Despite this, the characterization of critical aspects of the immune response against these emerging materials is sparse, in part because no known monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against this family of synthetic material have been reported. To advance the understanding of such responses, we report the successful isolation and characterization of hybridoma-derived mAbs with excellent specificity for different POx species and notable selectivity for highly branched polymer architectures over linear systems.

Does orthokeratology contact lens wear suppress the immune cell response in the human corneal epithelium, while soft contact lens wear enhances it?

Background: Orthokeratology (OK) contact lenses are increasingly prescribed for myopia control but their impact on corneal epithelial immune cells (CEIC) is unclear. This study compares CEIC in OK wearers to soft contact lens (SCL) wearers and non-wearers.

Methods: In vivo confocal microscope images at the corneal central and mid-peripheral subbasal level were evaluated in 18 OK wearers, 18 SCL wearers and 18 non-wearers (mean age 27.

How confident are Queensland paramedics with seizure recognition, differentiation, and management? A pilot study.

Background: Paramedics in Australia present as the opportune medical personnel to initiate medical intervention of seizure presentations and perform a fundamental role in the prevention of seizure associated morbidity and mortality. Despite being well equipped to manage seizures, no literature exists regarding their confidence to recognise, differentiate, or manage seizures.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was undertaken by 168 paramedics practicing clinically for the Queensland Ambulance Service in Australia.