The prevalence of disability among adolescents and young adults in low and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional comparison of two measures.

Background: The Washington Group Short Set on Functioning (WG-SS) is frequently used to identify disability among adults in national surveys. Concerns have been raised about the utility of the WG-SS given that it fails to include any items relating to psychosocial disability.

Objective: To compare prevalence estimates for adolescents and young adults derived from the Washington Group's Child Functioning Module (WG-CFM; age 15-17) and the WG-SS (age 18-25).

Pregnant women's choices for preventing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and can lead to severe respiratory distress, especially in very young infants. No specific treatments exist for RSV. However, new preventative strategies have become available including RSV vaccine for pregnant women and monoclonal antibody for infants.

Protective factors for psychological wellbeing: A cross-sectional study of young people attending an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary healthcare service.

Objective: This study aimed to measure associations between protective factors associated with positive psychological outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth living in an urban area.

Methods: Our primary outcome was the absence of psychological distress, reflecting a positive-outcome approach to analyse health assessment data, using modified Poisson regression, from a cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth aged 15 to 24 years attending an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health service (2016-2021).

Results: Health assessments from 710 participants were analysed, with 72.

Final Overall Survival and Molecular Data Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Patients Receiving Ipatasertib and Abiraterone in the Phase 3 IPATential150 Trial.

Background And Objective: In the phase 3 IPATential150 trial, ipatasertib addition to abiraterone significantly reduced the risk of disease progression in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with PTEN loss on immunohistochemistry (IHC), but not in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Here we report the final overall survival (OS) analysis and present results for prespecified and exploratory biomarker analyses.

Methods: Patients were randomized to receive ipatasertib (400 mg once daily) or placebo.

Tolerability and effectiveness of face-masks in reducing cough aerosols for children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: People with cystic fibrosis (CF) are recommended to wear face-masks when in healthcare settings. We previously demonstrated that face-masks significantly reduce the release of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) aerosols during coughing in adults with CF.

Risk factors for visual loss after excision of orbital cavernous venous malformations: a systematic review.

Background: Orbital cavernous venous malformations (OCVMs) are the most common primary orbital mass lesion and presenting symptoms are usually secondary to a mass effect. Surgical excision presents unique challenges and vision loss is a rare, but devastating, complication. This review aims to identify risk factors for vision loss with excision of OCVMs.

Amyloid Targeting-Gold Nanoparticles-Assisted X-ray Therapy Rescues Islet β-Cells from Amyloid Fibrils and Restores Insulin Homeostasis.

Type-2-diabetes is a metabolic disorder where misfolding and oligomerization of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) around islet-β cells oligomerizes and participates in the pathology. The oligomeric stage is toxic but transitory and leads to the formation of mature amyloid fibrils. The pathological specifics of mature amyloid fibrils are poorly understood.

DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitor Peposertib Enhances Efficacy of Lu-Based Radioimmunotherapy in Preclinical Models of Prostate and Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Novel radiation sensitizers, including inhibitors targeting DNA damage response, have been developed to enhance the efficacy of anticancer treatments that induce DNA damage in cancer cells. Peposertib, a potent, selective, and orally administered inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase, impedes the nonhomologous end-joining mechanism for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. We investigated radioimmunotherapy alone or with peposertib in preclinical models of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or prostate cancer.

MIRD Pamphlet No. 32: A MIRD Recovery Coefficient Model for Resolution Characterization and Shape-Specific Partial-Volume Correction.

Accurate quantification in emission tomography is essential for internal radiopharmaceutical therapy dosimetry. Mean activity concentration measurements in objects with diameters less than 10 times the full width at half maximum of the imaging system's spatial resolution are significantly affected (>10%) by the partial-volume effect. This study develops a framework for PET and SPECT spatial resolution characterization and proposes 2 MIRD recovery coefficient models-a geometric mean approximation (RECOVER-GM) and an empirical model (RECOVER-EM)-that provide shape-specific partial-volume correction (PVC).

Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and cardiogenic shock in acute systemic lupus erythematosus.

We describe a woman in her late 20s with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who presented with fulminant pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) requiring inotropic and extracorporeal support. She was established on triple pulmonary vasodilator therapy with concurrent aggressive immunosuppression; however, treatment was complicated by infection and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, necessitating delays in immunosuppression and withdrawal of epoprostenol. Despite this, with ongoing suppression of her SLE, her pulmonary haemodynamics improved, with normal pressures on right heart catheterisation several months later allowing stepdown to sildenafil monotherapy.

Examining associations between body appreciation and positive well-being among young adults: A cross-sectional analysis.

Interest in positive body image stems from its contrast with negative body image. Research shows self-compassion and physical activity enhance body appreciation and positive well-being, yet their interaction in young adults is not well understood. This study examined connections between self-compassion, planned physical activity and intrinsic exercise motivations in 386 adults aged 18-39 ( = 27.

Implications of conflict on vaccination in the Sahel region.

The Sahel region is a geographical belt in Africa that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea, between the Sahara Desert in the north and the Savannah in the south. It is characterised by challenging environmental crises and conflicts. This analysis highlights the potential implications of conflict on vaccination across five Sahel countries, including Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger and Sudan, from 2019 to 2023.

The effect of dietary supplements on core temperature and sweating responses in hot environmental conditions: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Dietary supplements are widely used among individuals exposed to hot environments, but whether their consumption confers any thermoregulatory effect is unclear. Therefore, we systematically evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation on key aspects of thermoregulation (core temperature [T] and sweating responses) in the heat. Three databases were searched in April 2024.

Demographic and mental health characteristics of individuals in the NSW Housing and Accommodation Support Initiative (HASI), Community Living Supports and HASI Plus.

Objective: To investigate the demographic characteristics associated with mental health recovery measures among individuals accessing the Housing and Accommodation Support Initiative (HASI) program over a 19-year period.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted from January 2004 to October 2023. The Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule (CANSAS) and Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) were used as measures of mental health recovery.

The synergistic effect of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and glycerol on the performance of chitosan films.

In this study, we examined the plasticizing effects of 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride (BmimCl), glycerol, and their combination on chitosan (CS) films. Additionally, we examined the effect of plasticizers for chitosan films structure and physicochemical properties of CS films by FTIR, XRD, SEM and mechanism of action of plasticizers on the structure of CS films. The results indicated that the interaction between BmimCl and chitosan is mainly ionic interaction and hydrogen bonding, while the interaction between glycerol and CS is mainly hydrogen bonding.

Prostaglandin E and Akt promote stemness in Apc mutant Dclk1+ cells to give rise to colitis-associated cancer.

Background And Aims: Loss of the tumor suppressor gene Apc in Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells results in aberrant Wnt signaling and colonic tumorigenesis. In the setting of injury, however, we and others have also shown that non-stem cells can also give rise to colonic tumors. The mechanism by which inflammation leads to cellular plasticity and cancer, however, remains largely unknown.

Vitamin D differentiates dopamine neurons in vitro, increasing neurite architecture, dopamine release and expression of relevant synaptic proteins.

Epidemiological studies often link circulatory levels of 25 hydroxy vitamin D with an overwhelming variety of disorders. Of such studies, an increasing number are now linking blood 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels with certain brain disorders. Prominent amongst such disorders are schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.

Transcriptomic and Biochemical analysis of Procambarus clarkii upon exposure to Pesticides: Population-Specific responses as a sign of pollutant resistance?

The effects that anthropogenic stressors may have on modulating species' plasticity has been relatively unexplored; however, it represents a scientific frontier that may offer insights into their ability to colonize new habitats. To explore the advantage that inhabiting polluted environments may offer to invasive species, we selected the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, a species that can colonize and thrive in a wide range of aquatic environments, including heavily polluted ones. Here, we studied the molecular and physiological responses of crayfish when experimentally exposed to a pesticide mix of azoxystrobin and oxadiazon at sublethal concentrations.

Mechanical properties, degradation action, and biocompatibility of in situ nanoparticle-reinforced MgZn/Zn composite prepared via roll bonding.

Zinc (Zn)-based alloys and composites are anticipated to emerge as a category of degradable metallic biomaterials with exceptional prospects for bone-implant applications owing to their superior biocompatibility and biofunctionality. Unfortunately, the limited strength of Zn alloys in their as-cast state restricts their use in clinical applications. In this study, we started with pure magnesium (Mg) powders and Zn sheets, and successfully fabricated MgZn/Zn composites using accumulative roll bonding (ARB).

Study protocol for the Healthy Family Program on population blood pressure: a multicenter, parallel group, cluster randomized, controlled trial in rural China.

Background: We aim to determine the effectiveness of a community-based, health instructor led, multifaceted family intervention, as compared with usual care, on blood pressure (BP) management among Chinese rural residents, with or without hypertension.

Methods/design: The Healthy Family Program is a cluster randomized controlled trial being undertaken in 80 villages (each with approximately 100 residents) with a target to enroll a total of 8000 older adults (aged 40-80 years). Villages were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either an intervention group to receive multifaceted strategies or a control group to continue with usual standard of care.

Sibling similarity in telomere length in Adélie penguin chicks.

Early life telomere length is thought to influence and predict an individual's fitness. It has been shown to vary significantly in early life compared to adulthood. Investigating the factors influencing telomere length in young individuals is therefore of particular interest, especially as the relative importance of heredity compared to post-natal conditions remains largely uncertain.

THE INDIVIDUAL FIBRINOLYTIC CAPACITY PREDICTS EFFICACY OF ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PULMONARY EMBOLISM.

Background: Ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (USAT) is nowadays available as an alternative reperfusion approach for acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The lytic agent recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) activates the effector protease plasmin to induce fibrinolysis. The aim of this study was to identify predictive markers for the efficacy of USAT in patients with acute PE.

Key Standards and Principles for Developing Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines: Balancing Health Professional, Patient, Funder, and Government Needs.

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are critical tools to inform healthcare decision-making, yet development faces significant challenges in ensuring rigorous, reliable, and globally applicable recommendations. This review examines the essential standards and evolving approaches for creating high-quality, evidence-based guidelines that can effectively support clinical practice across diverse healthcare settings. Key standards for high-quality CPG development emerge from leading global health organizations, emphasizing several critical components - establishing a multidisciplinary development group, defining a clear and relevant scope, conducting systematic evidence reviews and meta-analyses, and ensuring transparency throughout the development process.