The allelic mutation of NBS-LRR gene causes premature senescence in wheat.

Premature senescence has a significant impact on the yield and quality of wheat crops. The process is controlled by multiple and intricate genetic pathways and regulatory elements, whereby the discovery of additional mutants provides important insights into the molecular basis of this important trait. Here, we developed a premature senescence wheat mutant je0874, its leaves started to show yellow before heading stage; with plant growth and development, the degree of yellowing worsened rapidly, and chlorophyll content in flag leaf was reduced by 93.

Lymphatic filariasis transmission 10 years after stopping mass drug administration in the Gomoa West District of Ghana.

Objectives: A survey was conducted 10 years after stopping MDA in the Gomoa West District of Ghana to assess the Wuchereria bancrofti prevalence in both human and mosquito populations.

Methods: In seven communities, infection in humans was assessed using the filariasis test strip (FTS). Mosquitoes were collected once a month over six months using pyrethrum spray catches (PSC).

Engineered antigen-specific T regulatory cells suppress autoreactivity to the anti-glomerular basement membrane disease antigen.

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is accompanied by insufficient antigen-specific T regulatory cells (Tregs) and clonally expanded antigen-specific T conventional cells (Tconvs). In particular, this applied to the immunodominant T cell auto- epitope of type IV collagen, α3(IV)NC1135-145 , presented by HLA-DR15. Here, we investigated whether Tregs engineered to express GBM-T cell receptors (TCR) specific for α3(IV)NC1135- 145 better suppress autoimmunity.

Combined Anteversion in Healthy Hips: Should there be a single implant alignment target in total hip arthroplasty?

Background: The ideal anteversion at which the acetabular and femoral components for a total hip arthroplasty (THA) should be implanted is still a subject of debate. One alignment philosophy being explored is restoration of individual constitutional femoral and acetabular anteversion. This study aimed to measure combined anteversion in a healthy hip population and understand the expected phenotypes and ranges for constitutional hip alignment.

A post-injury immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide following adult traumatic brain injury alters neuroinflammation and the gut microbiome acutely, but has little effect on chronic outcomes.

Patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) are susceptible to hospital-acquired infections, presenting a significant challenge to an already-compromised immune system. The consequences and mechanisms by which this dual insult worsens outcomes are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore how a systemic immune stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) influences outcomes following experimental TBI in young adult mice.

Characteristics of supervised injection site clients and factors associated with requiring overdose intervention, Montreal, Canada, 2018-2022.

Background: Supervised injection sites (SIS) offer a hygienic environment in which people can inject drugs under observation; as such, these harm reduction services have been on the forefront of the overdose epidemic. We sought to understand factors predictive of an overdose requiring an emergency response intervention at SIS in Montréal, Canada.

Methods: We used administrative data from all four Montréal SIS from 1 March 2018 - 31 October 2022 to first calculate the rate of onsite overdose requiring intervention (e.

Long waves of alcohol consumption and the sustainable development goals.

Though the United Nations deals with its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in blocs of 15 years at a time, "sustainable" indicates a longer-term focus, aiming at steady human progress, including in public health and welfare. But the alcohol history in many countries shows "long waves" of consumption, repetitively rising, then falling, then rising again. Underlying this dynamic are competing interests pushing in opposite directions.

Behavioral interventions targeting treatment adherence in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Adherence to dialysis, medication regimens and dietary and fluid intake recommendations can improve quality of life and survival in chronic kidney disease, but non-adherence is prevalent. This review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of behavioral interventions on treatment adherence in chronic kidney disease and examined intervention characteristics (Behavior Change Techniques and delivery methods) associated with direct and indirect measures of adherence. Literature searches in five databases identified 149 eligible studies (255 study arms; 15878 patients).

Asymmetric role of board diversity on green growth mechanism: Evidence from COP27 framework.

Corporate governance has an ethical and legal obligation to safeguard environment from the effects of business operations. In this vein, our study examines the role of board diversity in green growth, renewable energy, social inclusion, and natural capital protection. A green growth index was created using indicators endorsed by the Global Green Growth Organization to accomplish the research objectives.

Tracking Outcomes Post Intensive Care: Findings of a longitudinal observational study.

Background: Many intensive care unit (ICU) survivors experience new or worsening impairments, termed post-intensive care syndrome. Substantial investment has been made in identifying patients at risk and developing interventions, but evidence remains equivocal. A more nuanced understanding of risk and outcomes is therefore warranted.

Characterization and evaluation methods of fused deposition modeling and stereolithography additive manufacturing for clinical linear accelerator photon and electron radiotherapy applications.

Purpose: To propose comprehensive characterization methods of additive manufacturing (AM) materials for MV photon and MeV electron radiotherapy.

Methodology: This study investigated 15 AM materials using CT machines. Geometrical accuracy, tissue-equivalence, uniformity, and fabrication parameters were considered.

Characterising mental wellbeing and associations with subcortical grey matter volume at short intervals in early adolescence.

This temporally rich, longitudinal study of early adolescents (N = 88, 277 datasets, 12-13 years) investigated the relationship between bilateral subcortical grey matter volume (GMV) in the hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens-area, caudate, putamen and pallidum with self-reported mental wellbeing at four timepoints, across 12 months. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) revealed (1) higher 'total wellbeing' was associated with smaller left caudate and larger left accumbens-area; (2) higher eudaimonic wellbeing was associated with smaller left caudate and larger right caudate; and (3) higher hedonic wellbeing was associated with larger left accumbens-area. Further analyses and plots highlighted different associations between GMV and wellbeing for adolescents who consistently experienced 'moderate-to-flourishing' wellbeing (n = 63, 201 datasets), compared with those who experienced 'languishing' wellbeing at any timepoint (n = 25, 76 datasets).

Pulmonary nodule malignancy probability: a meta-analysis of the Brock model.

Aim: This study aims to quantify the performance of the Brock model through a systematic review and meta-analysis and to clarify its overall accuracy in predicting malignant pulmonary nodules.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search was conducted in databases including the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), MEDLINE, Web of Science, Chinese Biological Medicine Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and Wanfang from their inception until May 1, 2024, to collect observational cohort studies involving the Brock model. The primary outcome was the pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) the area under curve (AUC) for the Brock model.

The development of social offloading.

Across two experiments, we explored the conditions under which 4- to 11-year-old children (N = 138) were more likely to seek social cognitive helpers and whether they preferentially relied on help from those that had previously shown proficiency in a relevant cognitive context. Children completed a memory task with varying levels of difficulty, after which they were introduced to two characters that exhibited either a high memory ability (task-relevant) or a high motor skill ability (task-irrelevant) in a distinct context. Children then completed the memory task a second time with the option to choose one of the two characters to assist them.

New opportunities for biologically and chemically mediated adsorption and precipitation of phosphorus from wastewater.

Biologically mediated adsorption and precipitation of phosphorus (P) from waste streams can restrict environmental P discharges. Here, we appraise progress in this field over the past decade. The research discipline has grown considerably in recent years.

Nanoscale interaction mechanism between bubbles and microplastics under the influence of natural organic matter in simulated marine environment.

Bubble-microplastic (MP) interaction is a significant process that changes the routes of MP circulation in marine environment and thereby determines the risk of MPs, which could be strongly influenced by natural organic matter (NOM) in oceans. However, the quantitative interaction mechanisms between bubbles and MPs under the effect of NOM remain elusive. Herein, bubble-MP interactions in simulated seawater were quantified at nanoscale based on atomic force microscope coupled with the Stokes-Reynold-Young-Laplace model.

The influence of pre-injury anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents on outcomes in trauma patients sustaining abdominal solid organ injuries: A scoping review.

Background: Indications for, and usage of, anticoagulant (AC) and antiplatelet (AP) agents is increasing. In this context, it is important to understand the evidence base of the effect of pre-injury AC/AP agents on patient outcomes in the context of traumatic solid organ injury (SOI) to inform management protocols.

Methods: A scoping review of the literature was undertaken with a systematic search strategy within the PubMed and Scopus databases.

Cross-diffusion waves by cellular automata modeling: Pattern formation in porous media.

Porous earth materials exhibit large-scale deformation patterns, such as deformation bands, which emerge from complex small-scale interactions. This paper introduces a cross-diffusion framework designed to capture these multiscale, multiphysics phenomena, inspired by the study of multi-species chemical systems. A microphysics-enriched continuum approach is developed to accurately predict the formation and evolution of these patterns.

'Every woman deserves that': A qualitative exploration of the impact of Australia's national maternity strategy.

Background: Since 2019, maternity care in Australia has been guided by the national maternity policy, Woman-centred care: Strategic directions for Australian maternity services (the Strategy). The Strategy has four core values (safety, respect, choice and access), which underpin 12 principles of woman-centred care.

Aim: To describe women's experiences of receiving maternity care in Australia and explore how their care aligned with the values and principles of the Strategy.

The Gender Disparity in Operative Opportunities for Trainee Surgeons: A Review.

Introduction: Assessing gender disparity in surgical trainees' operative opportunities and experience quantifies implicit gender bias and reflects a summation of many smaller biased interactions within the operating room environment. Highlighting gender disparity in surgery informs a platform for advocacy.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using Medline, Web of Science, OpenMD and Science Direct consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalysis guidelines.

Thorium ore dust research applicable to mineral sands industry workers.

Historically, radiation exposure to mineral sands workers arose primarily from intake of thorium associated with monazite dust generated in mineral separation plants. Research investigations in the 1990s provided greater insight into the characteristics of inhaled thorium ore dust and bioassay studies inferred that some workers had accumulated significant lung burdens of thorium. Recent changes to biokinetic models have increased the radiation dose assessed to arise from thorium intake, raising questions on the appropriateness of current assumptions used in exposure assessment and feasibility of further bioassay research.

Integrating Videoconferencing Therapist Guidance Into Stepped Care Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Child and Adolescent Anxiety: Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Self-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) achieves greater reach than ICBT delivered with therapist guidance, but demonstrates poorer engagement and fewer clinical benefits. Alternative models of care are required that promote engagement and are effective, accessible, and scalable.

Objective: This randomized trial evaluated whether a stepped care approach to ICBT using therapist guidance via videoconferencing for the step-up component (ICBT-SC[VC]) is noninferior to ICBT with full therapist delivery by videoconferencing (ICBT-TG[VC]) for child and adolescent anxiety.

Tetrahedral Lithium Stuffing in Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes for High-Power-Density and Energy-Density Batteries.

Li-rich cation-disordered rocksalt (DRX) materials introduce new paradigms in the design of high-capacity Li-ion battery cathode materials. However, DRX materials show strikingly sluggish kinetics due to random Li percolation with poor rate performance. Here, we demonstrate that Li stuffing into the tetrahedral sites of the Mn-based rocksalt skeleton injects a novel tetrahedron-octahedron-tetrahedron diffusion path, which acts as a low-energy-barrier hub to facilitate high-speed Li transport.