Exploring the clinical, psychological, and social relevance of menopause for trans and gender diverse people: a qualitative study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the meanings and experiences of menopause for trans and gender diverse (TGD) people and how menopause affects clinical practice.

Methods: For this qualitative study in 2021-2022, a scoping literature review informed interview schedule development. Following email invitations, online semi-structured interviews were conducted in March-April 2021 in Australia with three prominent TGD community leaders (trans male, trans female, nonbinary person) and three experienced medical practitioners (general practitioner, endocrinologist, psychiatrist), which were audio-recorded and transcribed.

The international trial of nasal oxygen therapy after cardiac surgery (NOTACS) in patients at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications: Economic evaluation protocol and analysis plan.

Introduction: High-Flow Nasal Therapy (HFNT) is an innovative non-invasive form of respiratory support. Compared to standard oxygen therapy (SOT), there is an equipoise regarding the effect of HFNT on patient-centred outcomes among those at high risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications after undergoing cardiac surgery. The NOTACS trial aims to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of HFNT compared to SOT within 90 days of surgery in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.

A planar-sheet nongraphitic zero-bandgap sp carbon phase made by the low-temperature reaction of γ-graphyne.

The highest sheet symmetry form of graphyne, with one triple bond between each neighboring hexagon in graphene, irreversibly transforms exothermically at ambient pressure and low temperatures into a nongraphitic, planar-sheet, zero-bandgap phase consisting of intrasheet-bonded sp carbons. The synthesis of this sp carbon phase is demonstrated, and other carbon phases are described for possible future synthesis from graphyne without breaking graphyne bonds. While measurements and theory indicate that the reacting graphyne becomes nonplanar because of sheet wrinkling produced by dimensional mismatch between reacted and nonreacted sheet regions, sheet planarity is regained when the reaction is complete.

Assessing the influence of the modifiable areal unit problem on Bayesian disease mapping in Queensland, Australia.

Background: Spatial data are often aggregated by area to protect the confidentiality of individuals and aid the calculation of pertinent risks and rates. However, the analysis of spatially aggregated data is susceptible to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), which arises when inference varies with boundary or aggregation changes. While the impact of the MAUP has been examined previously, typically these studies have focused on well-populated areas.

Assessing the performance of AI chatbots in answering patients' common questions about low back pain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and readability of the answers generated by large language model (LLM)-chatbots to common patient questions about low back pain (LBP).

Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed responses to 30 LBP-related questions, covering self-management, risk factors and treatment. The questions were developed by experienced clinicians and researchers and were piloted with a group of consumer representatives with lived experience of LBP.

Therapeutic interception in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis to prevent clinically impactful disease.

Multiple clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prevention have been completed. Here, we set out to report on the lessons learnt from these studies. Researchers who conducted RA prevention trials shared the background, rationale, approach and outcomes and evaluated the lessons learnt to inform the next generation of RA prevention trials.

Patients' Experiences With Opioid Tapering in Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis.

Tapering opioids is an effective strategy to reduce the risks associated with long-term opioid therapy. However, patients' experience with tapering can influence the success of this treatment. Understanding patients' experiences with opioid tapering will allow for patient-centered approaches to be adopted to tailor interventions to achieve safe and successful taper outcomes.

Factors influencing experiences of non-consensual sex: results from a mixed data cross-sectional online survey of Australian university students.

Background The high prevalence of non-consensual sex, including physical force, verbal threats, intimidation, and/or verbal coercion and rape among university students, has prompted urgent calls for action from governments, statutory, and university bodies. This research aims to identify key factors students see as contributing to non-consensual sex with a view to developing effective strategies to address these issues. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was administered to 4291 university students attending universities in south-east Queensland, Australia.

Could metabolic imaging and artificial intelligence provide a novel path to non-invasive aneuploidy assessments? A certain clinical need.

Pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) via embryo biopsy helps in embryo selection by assessing embryo ploidy. However, clinical practice needs to consider the invasive nature of embryo biopsy, potential mosaicism, and inaccurate representation of the entire embryo. This creates a significant clinical need for improved diagnostic practices that do not harm embryos or raise treatment costs.

Pollutant accumulation characteristics of substrates and mechanism of microbial action in different ecological ditches.

Ecological ditches serve as one of the important measures for the concentrated infiltration of stormwater in the construction process of sponge cities. Prolonged concentrated infiltration of stormwater can lead to the accumulation of pollutants and pollution risks in the substrate of ecological ditches. In this study, two different substrate ecological ditches were constructed, namely, a combined substrate ecological ditch with zeolite + ceramsite (EA), and a biological substrate ecological ditch (EB).

Students' perceptions of assessment feedback in an undergraduate nursing and midwifery subject: a mixed-methods study.

Background: In an undergraduate Bachelor of Nursing course, students enrol in an evidence-based Practice (EBP) subject. Three scaffolded tasks assess students' ability to find, summarise and synthesise professional literature. For each assessment task, students are provided feedback that informs subsequent assessments.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Patient Positioning During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Procedures: A Comparison Between Semi-Prone- and Prone-Positioned Patients.

The prone "swimmers" position is preferable for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as it provides the best visualization for selective bile duct cannulation. However, "swimmers" position does not comply with best-practice patient positioning guidelines. Our objective was to determine whether the semi-prone patient position was suitable for ERCP without negatively influencing the outcomes of the procedure.

Predicting Carbonic Anhydrase Binding Affinity: Insights from QM Cluster Models.

A systematic series of QM cluster models has been developed to predict the trend in the carbonic anhydrase binding affinity of a structurally diverse dataset of ligands. Reference DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS binding energies were generated for a cluster model and used to evaluate the performance of contemporary density functional theory methods, including Grimme's "3c" DFT composite methods (rSCAN-3c and ωB97X-3c). It is demonstrated that when validated QM methods are used, the predictive power of the cluster models improves systematically with the size of the cluster models.

The Impact of Electronic and Conventional Cigarette Use towards Saliva Profile and Oral Microbiota in Adolescents.

Objective: To compare the salivary profiles of smokers (e-cigarette smokers, e-cigarette and former conventional cigarette smokers, dual users, and conventional cigarette smokers) and non-smokers in adolescents, focusing on acidity level, flow rate, viscosity, as well as the quantity of Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans.

Methods: This analytical observational study, with a cross-sectional design, involves collecting saliva samples from five groups through the draining method. Saliva viscosity was assessed visually, while saliva flow rate was monitored over a ten-minute period.

New Genetic Variations in RNA-binding Protein Gene and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study.

Background: LIN28, a highly conserved RNA-binding protein, regulate a wide variety of post-transcriptional cellular processes. The current study aimed to identify genetic variants of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LIN28B gene (rs221634, rs22163, rs314276, rs9404590, and rs12194974) and their association with Breast cancer.

Method: 220 patients and 230 controls were genotyped by the RFLP assay for Lin28B gene variants.

The Value and Importance of a Professional Ethical Code for Medicines Development: IFAPP International Ethics Framework.

Pharmaceutical medicine professionals have to face many ethical problems during the entire life span of new medicines extending from animal studies to broad clinical practice. The primary aim of the general ethical principles governing research conducted in humans is to diminish the physical and psychological burdens of the participants in human drug studies but overlooks many additional social and ethical problems faced by medicine developers. These arise mainly at the interface connecting the profit-oriented pharmaceutical industry and the healthcare-centered medical profession cooperating in medicines development.

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with photosensitizers and calcium hydroxide on bond strength, chemical composition, and sealing of glass-fiber posts to root dentin.

Investigate the impact of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using different photosensitizers (PSs) such as indocyanine green (IG), curcumin (CC), and methylene blue (MB), with or without intracanal application of calcium hydroxide (CH), on the push-out bond strength of glass-fiber posts (GFPs) to intraradicular dentin, the chemical composition of the root substrate, and the sealing of the adhesive interface across different thirds of intraradicular dentin. A total of 112 bovine teeth underwent biomechanical preparation and were divided into eight experimental groups (n = 14 each): Negative control with deionized water; positive control with deionized water + CH; IG group with indocyanine green and infrared laser; IG + CH group; CC group with curcumin and blue LED; CC + CH group; MB group with methylene blue and red laser; and MB + CH group. The push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine (n = 8), and scanning electron microscopy characterized the fracture patterns.

International Urogynecology Consultation Chapter 3 Committee 1 - Pessary Management.

Introduction And Hypothesis: This manuscript is part of the International Urogynecological Consultation (IUC) on Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP), Chapter 3, Committee 1 focusing on pessary management of POP.

Methods: A narrative review was conducted by an international, multi-disciplinary group of clinicians working in the field of pelvic health following a search of the literature using the MeSH terms "pelvic organ prolapse" OR "urogenital prolapse" OR "vaginal prolapse" OR "uterovaginal prolapse" AND "pessary" OR "support device" OR "intravaginal device." Relevant studies, as determined after review using the Covidence manuscript review platform, were included.

The association between maternal diabetes and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mixed results have been reported regarding the link between different types of maternal diabetes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore these associations. Relevant studies on the subject were retrieved from six major databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsychINFO.

Cardiovascular preventive service access challenges among African immigrants: a discussion paper.

This paper highlights cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive access challenges and potential intervention strategies that address cardiovascular preventive service access gaps among African immigrants living in developed countries. Migration, coupled with changes in dietary habits, socio-economic factors, and cultural adjustments, contributes to a heightened risk of CVD among African immigrants. This risk is compounded by a lack of targeted preventive interventions and culturally tailored programmes, as well as challenges related to language barriers, health literacy, and digital literacy.

Association between response time and time from emergency medical service contact with the patient to hospital arrival as well as survival and neurological outcomes in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objectives: In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), prehospital time is crucial and can be divided into response time, from emergency call to emergency medical service (EMS) contact, and time from EMS contact to hospital arrival. To improve prehospital strategies for pediatric OHCA, it is essential to understand the association between these time intervals and patient outcomes; however, detailed investigations are lacking. The current study aimed to examine the association between response time and time from EMS contact to hospital arrival as well as survival and neurological outcomes in pediatric OHCA.

Torsion-Vibration Interactions in S and S Phenylsilane.

We report the results of a study of the interaction between torsion and the low frequency out-of-plane silyl wag vibration in the ground, S, and excited, S, electronic states of phenylsilane. These studies follow the observation of interactions between methyl torsion and the out-of-plane methyl wagging vibration in toluene, several fluoro-substituted toluenes and -methylpyrrole. The interaction leads to various spectroscopic constants becoming divorced from their usual physical meaning.

Deep Learning Superresolution for Simultaneous Multislice Parallel Imaging-Accelerated Knee MRI Using Arthroscopy Validation.

Background Deep learning (DL) methods can improve accelerated MRI but require validation against an independent reference standard to ensure robustness and accuracy. Purpose To validate the diagnostic performance of twofold-simultaneous-multislice (SMSx2) twofold-parallel-imaging (PIx2)-accelerated DL superresolution MRI in the knee against conventional SMSx2-PIx2-accelerated MRI using arthroscopy as the reference standard. Materials and Methods Adults with painful knee conditions were prospectively enrolled from December 2021 to October 2022.