Global trends in the revision of nutrient reference values and formulations for infants and toddlers.

Background And Objectives: Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) play an important role in nutrition labeling and nutrition and health claims based on scientific data. This study, with a global perspective, reviewed recent trends in NRVs for adults and their establishment for infants and toddlers.

Methods And Study Design: We searched for laws and regulations on official government websites for nutrition labeling in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, China, South Korea, Japan, the Codex Committee, and the European Union.

Quantum food and nutrition: Subatomic approaches to nourishment for health and well-being.

Nutrition science has been represented as biomedical, environmental, societal and economic field, but quantum biology is sidestepped, thereby obscuring cognate problems and solutions. We are generally nourished for health, optimal well-being, longevity and personal security through sustainable livelihoods. Our nourish-ments include not only food and energy but also light from the sun, the firmament and the earth itself, along with information transmitted in subatomic particles and electromagnetic wave forms.

Effect of a physical activity and healthy eating lifestyle intervention in pregnancy on fetal growth trajectories: The DALI randomised controlled trial.

Background: Obesity during pregnancy is related to fetal overgrowth. Effective interventions that can mitigate this risk are needed.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a lifestyle intervention for pregnant women with obesity on fetal growth trajectories.

Using artificial intelligence to semi-automate trustworthiness assessment of randomized controlled trials: A case study.

Purpose: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine. Unfortunately, not all RCTs are based on real data. This serious breach of research integrity compromises the reliability of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, leading to misinformed clinical guidelines and posing a risk to both individual and public health.

Diastolic Dysfunction and Survival in Patients with Preserved or Mildly Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction following Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is relatively indiscriminate for prognosis in patients with preserved or mildly reduced LVEF (>40%) following myocardial infarction (MI). This study sought to determine the value of guideline-based assessment of diastolic dysfunction (DD) in predicting long-term all-cause and cardiac mortality in patients with a first-ever MI and LVEF>40%.

Methods: A retrospective single centre study involving 2234 patients with a first-ever MI (STEMI or NSTEMI) with LVEF>40% was performed.

pH-regulated preparation and structural characterization of non-covalent complexes of soybean isolate proteins with different charged polysaccharides.

Soybean protein isolate (SPI) exhibits limited functional properties in processing applications due to environmental stressors such as pH, salt ion, and temperature. The present study was devoted to exploring the non-covalent assembly of SPI with chitosan (CS), glucan (GL) and sodium alginate (SA) under different pH conditions. At a fixed mixing ratio (1:1), the phase behavior, protein solubility, and surface hydrophobicity (H) of the resulting protein-polysaccharide complexes (PPCs) exhibited great differences due to the diversity of polysaccharide charge density and structure.

Global transcriptome changes during growth of a novel Penicillium coffeae isolate on the wheat stripe rust fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.

Wheat stripe rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is currently the most destructive disease of wheat.

BARRIERS AND ENABLERS OF DIETARY REINTRODUCTION FOLLOWING NEGATIVE ORAL FOOD CHALLENGE: A SCOPING REVIEW.

Background: Following a negative oral food challenge (OFC), it is recommended the individual continues to consume the historical allergen regularly. However, the proportion of families achieving sustained reintroduction, and enablers and barriers for reintroduction, are currently unclear.

Objective: To understand the frequency and definitions of optimal food reintroduction in children and adolescents following negative OFC, and associated barriers and enablers.

Advancing precision psychiatry and targeted treatments: Insights from immunopsychiatry.

Despite tremendous advancements in neuroscience, there has been limited impact on patient care. Current psychiatric treatments are largely non-specific, and drug development is hindered by outdated, overinclusive diagnostic categories and a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Additionally, mechanisms underlying psychiatric illnesses and their treatments with conventional medications remain poorly understood.

Incorporating ethics into infectious disease clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Incorporating ethics into clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can be challenging. This is particularly evident for infectious diseases (ID) CPGs due to the complexity of ID ethics (IDE) and the multiplicity of populations at-risk for infections.

Objectives: The OPENING project (IncOrPorating Ethics iN ClINical Guidelines: Practical Indications) was initiated by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Ethics Advisory Committee (EEAC) in collaboration with the ESCMID Guidelines Subcommittee to generate guidelines for the systematic inclusion of ethics principles into ID CPGs.

Virtual Human Retina: Simulating Neural Signalling, Degeneration, and Responses to Electrical Stimulation.

Introduction: Current brain-based visual prostheses pose significant challenges impeding adoption such as the necessarily complex surgeries and occurrence of more substantial side effects due to the sensitivity of the brain. This has led to much effort toward vision restoration being focused on the more approachable part of the brain - the retina. Here we introduce a novel, parameterized simulation platform that enables study of human retinal degeneration and optimization of stimulation strategies.

Developing an Australian Value Set for the Recovering Quality of Life-Utility Index (ReQoL-UI) instrument using Discrete Choice Experiment with Duration.

Objectives: The Recovering Quality of Life-Utility Index (ReQoL-UI) instrument was designed to measure the quality of life outcomes for people over 16 years of age with mental health problems. We aim to elicit societal preferences for the ReQoL-UI health states to facilitate better decision-making in Australia.

Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) with duration was embedded in a self-complete online survey and administered to a representative sample (n=1019) of the Australian adult population aged 18 years and more, stratified for age, sex and geographic location.

A Tale of Two Treatments: A Randomised Controlled Trial of Mindfulness or Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Delivered Online for People with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the relative efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) or cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in comparison to a waitlist control (WLC) for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Participants completed assessments before and after treatment and at 6-month follow-up.

Methods: Two hundred and sixty-nine participants with RA were recruited and randomised in a 2:2:1 ratio to MBSR:CBT:WLC.

A conceptual framework to assess the health, socioeconomic and environmental burden of chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge that affects patients, caregivers, healthcare systems, the environment and national economies. Despite its far-reaching impact, there is no framework to systematically evaluate national CKD prevention and management programmes or evaluate the societal burden of disease. This paper has two objectives: first, to introduce a comprehensive framework to assess national programmes, which recognises gaps and weaknesses and identifies feasible policy interventions to reduce overall CKD burden; second, to present some key challenges and success stories in delivering CKD services delivered in eight different country settings.

Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue among Australian oncology nurses caring for adult cancer patients: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Compassion fatigue can impact oncology nurse's personal and professional life, which may, in turn, affect the quality of patient care. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of compassion fatigue and identify risk and protective factors among Australian oncology nurses caring for adult cancer patients.

Methods: 170 Australian oncology nurses caring for adult cancer patients completed a cross-sectional online survey comprising demographic information, the Professional Quality of Life, the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised and the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index.

Reconstructing the first COVID-19 pandemic wave with minimal data in England.

Accurate measurement of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in the population is crucial for understanding the dynamics of disease transmission and evaluating the impacts of interventions. However, it was particularly challenging to achieve this in the early phase of a pandemic because of the sparsity of epidemiological data. We previously developed an early pandemic diagnostic tool that linked minimum datasets: seroprevalence, mortality and infection testing data to estimate the true exposure in different regions of England and found levels of SARS-CoV-2 population exposure to be considerably higher than suggested by seroprevalence surveys.

Hormesis-like effects of black phosphorus nanosheets on the spread of multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

The production scalability and increasing demand for black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) inevitably lead to environmental leakage. Although BPNSs' ecotoxicological effects have been demonstrated, their indirect health risks, such as inducing increased resistance in pathogenic bacteria, are often overlooked. This study explores the influence of BPNSs on the horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) facilitated by the RP4 plasmid, which carries multiple resistance genes.

New standards, new vision: Directing modern medical research as per the 2024 revised Declaration of Helsinki.

The revised Declaration of Helsinki marks a more informed, inclusive and recognized pathway to clinical research in the contemporary medical field. As clinicians, educators, researchers, administrators or a member of the healthcare community, it becomes our most important responsibility to become more aware and start the adaption of this revised codes. Adhering to these standards is essential not only for fostering public trust but also for upholding the integrity and credibility of medical research.

Learning from perinatal grief and loss: Insights from midwifery student focus groups.

Aim: To explore Australian midwifery students' learning experiences with death and their learning needs for these encounters.

Background: Midwives care for women who experience perinatal grief and loss. The care required in these events is complex and clinically challenging.

L-histidine makes Ni 'visible' for plant signalling systems: Shading the light on Ni-induced Ca and redox signalling in plants.

Nickel is both an important nutrient and an ecotoxicant for plants. Organic ligands, such as L-histidine (His), play a key role in Ni detoxification. Here, we show that His (added together with 0.

Exploring the associations of perceived physical literacy with depression, anxiety, and stress among Spanish adolescents.

Background And Purpose: The concept of physical literacy has gained prominence in the context of adolescent health, with increasing evidence suggesting its potential as a pivotal factor in promoting adolescent well-being and physical activity. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationships between perceived physical literacy (PPL) and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in Spanish adolescents.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study including 714 adolescents was conducted.

Aboveground-belowground linkages across vegetation degradation gradients differ among native eucalypt communities.

Native vegetation degradation impacts soil communities and their functions. However, these impacts are often studied by comparing soil biotic attributes across qualitatively defined, discrete degradation levels within a single plant community at a specific location. Direct quantification of the relationships between vegetation and soil attributes across continuous degradation gradients and at larger scales is rare but holds greater potential to reveal robust patterns in aboveground-belowground linkages that may apply across different plant communities.