The impact of universal mental health screening on stigma in primary schools.

Background: Primary school students struggling with mental health are less likely than high school students to access mental health care, due to barriers such as mental health stigma and low mental health literacy among children and parents. The near universal reach of schools offers a potential avenue to increase access to mental health care through early identification. The potential risks of this approach also need to be understood.

Optimisation of low and ultra-low dose scanning protocols for ultra-extended field of view PET in a real-world clinical setting.

True total-body and extended axial field-of-view (AFOV) PET/CT with 1m or more of body coverage are now commercially available and dramatically increase system sensitivity over conventional AFOV PET/CT. The Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra (Quadra), with an AFOV of 106cm, potentially allows use of significantly lower administered radiopharmaceuticals as well as reduced scan times. The aim of this study was to optimise acquisition protocols for routine clinical imaging with FDG on the Quadra the prioritisation of reduced activity given physical infrastructure constraints in our facility.

The psychometric properties of the child anxiety and depression life interference scale (CADLIS).

Objective: Life interference is a key diagnostic feature for anxiety and depressive disorders. Measures focusing on life interference caused by anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents have received minimal attention. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Child Anxiety and Depression Life Interference Scale (CADLIS), a brief child (CADLIS-C) and parent-report (CADLIS-P) measure designed to assess life interference from anxiety and depressive disorders in both the child and parent's life.

Perceived healthiness of sugary drinks and related social norms among adults in five countries: evidence from the International Food Policy Study.

Background: A better understanding of correlates of sugary drink consumption is essential to inform public health interventions. This study examined differences in perceived healthiness of sugary drinks and related social norms between countries, over time, and sociodemographic groups and associations with sugary drink intake.

Methods: This study used annual cross-sectional data from the International Food Policy Study from 2018 to 2021 in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Mexico.

Association between early dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health at age 8: a confirmatory analysis of the European Childhood Obesity Project.

Background & Aim: Metabolic and cardiovascular health outcomes are strongly influenced by diet. Dietary habits established in early childhood may persist into adulthood. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns at both 2 and 8 years of age, explaining the maximum variability of high- and low-quality fats, sugars, and fibre, and cardiometabolic markers at age 8 years.

The impact of digital literacy in enhancing individuals' health in China.

Background: Health is the cornerstone of individual well-being and a vital factor in socioeconomic development. In an increasingly digitalized world, digital literacy has emerged as one of the indispensable abilities, which not only pertains to an individual's capacity to acquire, analyze, evaluate, and utilize information but also profoundly influences their health behaviours, health decisions, and overall well-being. This paper uses the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data to explore digital literacy's impact on individuals' health.

Solving unknown primary cancer with earlier diagnosis - the SUPER-ED trial: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial to support earlier diagnosis for people presenting with malignancy of undefined primary origin.

Background: People with malignancy of undefined primary origin (MUO) have a poor prognosis and may undergo a protracted diagnostic workup causing patient distress and high cancer related costs. Not having a primary diagnosis limits timely site-specific treatment and access to precision medicine. There is a need to improve the diagnostic process, and healthcare delivery and support for these patients.

Increased plasma DOPA decarboxylase levels in Lewy body disorders are driven by dopaminergic treatment.

DOPA Decarboxylase (DDC) has been proposed as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker with increased concentrations in Lewy body disorders (LBDs) and highest levels in patients receiving dopaminergic treatment. Here we evaluate plasma DDC, measured by proximity extension assay, and the effect of dopaminergic treatment in three independent LBD (with a focus on dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD)) cohorts: an autopsy-confirmed cohort (n = 71), a large multicenter, cross-dementia cohort (n = 1498) and a longitudinal cohort with detailed treatment information (n = 66, median follow-up time[IQR] = 4[4, 4] years). Plasma DDC was not altered between different LBDs and other disease groups or controls in absence of treatment.

Exploring the relationship between glycemic variability and muscle dysfunction in adults with diabetes: A systematic review.

This review is to systematically explore the relationship between muscle dysfunction and diabetes in adults, and to examine the impact of glycemic variability on muscle health and the development of diabetes-related complications. The review was conducted using three databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE, targeting peer-reviewed journal articles written in English and published from January 2014 to September 2024. The methodological quality assessment of the eligible studies was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists.

Superior Outcomes with Ultrasound-Guided Hyaluronidase for Impending Filler-Induced Facial Skin Necrosis: A Systematic Review and Pilot Meta-Analysis.

Background: Hyaluronidase remains the mainstay treatment for impending filler-induced facial skin necrosis. Complete resolution of impending skin necrosis following hyaluronidase injection is estimated to be around 77.8%.

An evaporite sequence from ancient brine recorded in Bennu samples.

Evaporation or freezing of water-rich fluids with dilute concentrations of dissolved salts can produce brines, as observed in closed basins on Earth and detected by remote sensing on icy bodies in the outer Solar System. The mineralogical evolution of these brines is well understood in regard to terrestrial environments, but poorly constrained for extraterrestrial systems owing to a lack of direct sampling. Here we report the occurrence of salt minerals in samples of the asteroid (101955) Bennu returned by the OSIRIS-REx mission.

Global meta-analysis shows action is needed to halt genetic diversity loss.

Mitigating loss of genetic diversity is a major global biodiversity challenge. To meet recent international commitments to maintain genetic diversity within species, we need to understand relationships between threats, conservation management and genetic diversity change. Here we conduct a global analysis of genetic diversity change via meta-analysis of all available temporal measures of genetic diversity from more than three decades of research.

Considerations for establishment of a private virtual hospital identified using an implementation science approach.

Virtual hospitals are rapidly being implemented internationally. Research has predominantly focused on clinical outcomes not implementation. We aimed to identify pre-implementation determinants to enable health services to tailor virtual hospital models, increasing likelihood of suitability, acceptability, uptake, clinical effectiveness, and sustainability.

Advances in systematic conservation planning to meet global biodiversity goals.

Systematic conservation planning (SCP) involves the cost-effective placement and application of management actions to achieve biodiversity conservation objectives. Given the political momentum for greater global nature protection, restoration, and improved management of natural resources articulated in the targets of the Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing the state-of-the-art of SCP is timely. Recent advances in SCP include faster and more exact algorithms and software, inclusion of ecosystem services and multiple facets of biodiversity (e.

Emerging insights into the genetics and evolution of human same-sex sexual behavior.

Thanks to twin studies, it has been known for decades that human same-sex sexual behavior (SSB) has a substantial heritable component. However, only recently have large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) begun to illuminate the complex genetics involved. These studies have established that SSB is influenced by many common genetic variants, each with tiny but cumulative effects.

Longer term psychological trauma following the COVID-19 pandemic for children and families.

The psychological trauma following COVID-19 has been lengthy and fraught for some children and their families. The specific problems encountered by children rendered helpless and hopeless by watching others suffer, vicarious traumatisation, is explained in brief as it represents a central motif in clinical work in psychology. This paper will focus on what is known of the nature of psychological trauma in children and families with a focus on the individual clinical manifestations of personal significance.

Fast is fine, but accuracy is everything: making intraoperative transfusion decisions using point-of-care testing.

Accurate and timely diagnostic information is a vital adjunct to clinical assessment to inform therapeutic decision-making, including decisions to transfuse, or not transfuse, blood components. A prospective cohort study of diagnostic point-of-care (POC) haemoglobin measurements on arterial or central venous samples from adults undergoing major noncardiac surgery compared three widely used devices, HemoCue®, i-STAT™, and the Rad-67™ pulse CO-Oxymeter® finger sensor device, against standard laboratory haemoglobin measurements, but importantly not against a blood gas analyser. The study focused on haemoglobin results below 100 g L to establish the utility of these devices to guide red cell transfusion decisions.

How does the first index mode of birth in public or private hospitals predict subsequent births? A 16-year Australian population-based linked data study.

Objectives: In this descriptive study, we aimed to assess how the index mode of birth and subsequent birth modes vary over time for public and private hospital maternity care funding models. The second aim was to determine to what extent the index mode of birth predicts subsequent birth modes in general and whether this differs in public versus private hospital maternity care funding models. With our aim, we have an innovative approach, specifically the women's life course approach, which is hypothesis-generating and can be assessed in future studies.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Western Australia, 2010-2020.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and trends of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Western Australia (WA) from 2010 to 2020 using linked pathology data.

Design: A retrospective observational cohort study using linked de-identified data from WA pathology providers, hospital morbidity records and mortality records.

Setting: A Western Australian population-based study.

Starfield's 4Cs of NCD management in primary healthcare: a conceptual framework development from a case study of 19 countries.

Introduction: Faced with a backdrop of an increasing chronic disease burden from an ageing global population compounded with rising healthcare costs, health systems are required to implement cost-effective, safe and equitable care through efficient service delivery models. One approach to achieving this is through Starfield's 4Cs of primary healthcare (PHC), which delineates the key attributes of a high-performing PHC system that upholds the pillars of care coordination, first contact of care, continuity of care and comprehensive care. Therefore, this study aims to explore and elucidate the key themes and subthemes related to and extending beyond Starfield's 4Cs of PHC by integrating findings from a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative study.

Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report.

Background: The 2006 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN) anaphylaxis criteria are widely used in clinical care and research. In 2020, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) published modified criteria that have not been uniformly adopted. Different criteria contribute to inconsistent care and research outcomes.

Goal-Framing Theory and Sustainable Food Choices: Leveraging Spillover to Activate Moral.

Transitioning to plant-dominant dishes in the growing meal kit delivery market could significantly reduce the greenhouse gas emission footprint of the sector. However, many consumers choose meat-based options without considering plant-based alternatives when ordering food online. This scenario-based survey experiment with 669 consumers tested whether an environmental message between lunch and dinner would increase stated plant-based dinner choices.

Rare Disease Policy in High-Income Countries: An Overview of Achievements, Challenges, and Solutions.

Objectives: To provide an overview of policy initiatives in high-income countries aimed at supporting the development and accessibility of treatments for rare diseases.

Methods: We examine how legislative, research, and pricing policies in high-income countries address barriers that have historically hindered innovation and access to rare disease treatments. By analysing examples from the EU, UK, US, Canada, Japan, and Australia, the article identifies ongoing initiatives, outlines current challenges, and explores proposed solutions to foster a sustainable, innovative, and accessible rare disease treatment ecosystem.