The Contribution of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neighborhood Characteristics on Outcomes Experienced by Urban Dwelling Black Men After Serious Traumatic Injury.

Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are serious consequences of physical injuries. Stress associated with living in urban neighborhoods with socioecological disadvantages and the cumulative burdens of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to poorer psychological outcomes. Limited research has explored how ACEs and socioecological environmental exposures in childhood and adulthood, together, impact post-injury outcomes.

Targeting HER2 in Gastroesophageal Cancer: A New Appetite for an Old Plight.

The incidence of gastroesophageal cancers is rising, driven, in part, by an increasing burden of risk factors of obesity and gastroesophageal reflux. Despite efforts to address these risk factors, and a growing interest in methods of population screening, the bulk of these tumours are unresectable at diagnosis. In this setting, effective systemic treatments are paramount to improve survival and quality of life.

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

Regional and institutional trends in assessment for academic promotion.

The assessment of research performance is widely seen as a vital tool in upholding the highest standards of quality, with selection and competition believed to drive progress. Academic institutions need to take critical decisions on hiring and promotion, while facing external pressure by also being subject to research assessment. Here we present an outlook on research assessment for career progression with specific focus on promotion to full professorship, based on 314 policies from 190 academic institutions and 218 policies from 58 government agencies, covering 32 countries in the Global North and 89 countries in the Global South.

Biologic Therapy and Cardiometabolic Risk in Psoriasis: A Retrospective Review.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease with increased cardiometabolic risk including dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Biologic therapy effectively treats the cutaneous inflammatory burden of psoriasis and evolving evidence suggests potential to reduce systemic inflammatory sequalae that can elevate cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to assess the change in cardiometabolic risk markers in a cohort of patients with psoriasis treated with 1 year of continuous biologic treatment.

Bibliometric and visual analysis of chronic stress in cancer research from 2014 to 2024.

Objective: In today's fast-paced society, stress has become a widespread phenomenon, garnering increasing attention for its impact on cancer. This study aims to investigate the current status and research hotspots of chronic stress in cancer research from 2014 to 2024, with the goal of providing valuable insights for future studies.

Methods: We retrieved 618 articles published between 2014 and 2024 from the Web of Science database and analyzed them using R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace.

Are associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancer modified by comparative body weight at age 10 years in the UK Biobank study?

Objective: Adults living with overweight or obesity do not represent a single homogenous group in terms of mortality and disease risks. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with mortality and incident disease are modified by (i.e.

Predicting changes in agricultural yields under climate change scenarios and their implications for global food security.

Climate change has direct impacts on current and future agricultural productivity. Statistical meta-analysis models can be used to generate expectations of crop yield responses to climatic factors by pooling data from controlled experiments. However, methodological challenges in performing these meta-analyses, together with combined uncertainty from various sources, make it difficult to validate model results.

Criterion validity of five open-source app-based cognitive and sensory tasks in an Australian adult life course sample aged 18 to 82: Labs without walls.

With recent technical advances, many cognitive and sensory tasks have been adapted for smartphone testing. This study aimed to assess the criterion validity of a subset of self-administered, open-source app-based cognitive and sensory tasks by comparing test performance to lab-based alternatives. An in-person baseline was completed by 43 participants (aged 21 to 82) from the larger Labs without Walls project (Brady et al.

Examining the role of Acinetobacter baumannii plasmid types in disseminating antimicrobial resistance.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections with high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The spread of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains has become a global concern.

Evaluating the efficiency of 16S-ITS-23S operon sequencing for species level resolution in microbial communities.

Rapid advancements in long-read sequencing have facilitated species-level microbial profiling through full-length 16S rRNA sequencing (~ 1500 bp), and more notably, by the newer 16S-ITS-23S ribosomal RNA operon (RRN) sequencing (~ 4500 bp). RRN sequencing is emerging as a superior method for species resolution, exceeding the capabilities of short-read and full-length 16S rRNA sequencing. However, being in its early stages of development, RRN sequencing has several underexplored or understudied elements, highlighting the need for a critical and thorough examination of its methodologies.

Longitudinal evolution of the transdiagnostic prodrome to severe mental disorders: a dynamic temporal network analysis informed by natural language processing and electronic health records.

Modelling the prodrome to severe mental disorders (SMD), including unipolar mood disorders (UMD), bipolar mood disorders (BMD) and psychotic disorders (PSY), should consider both the evolution and interactions of symptoms and substance use (prodromal features) over time. Temporal network analysis can detect causal dependence between and within prodromal features by representing prodromal features as nodes, with their connections (edges) indicating the likelihood of one feature preceding the other. In SMD, node centrality could reveal insights into important prodromal features and potential intervention targets.

Phage therapy could be key to conquering persistent bacterial lung infections in children.

Persistent bacterial lung infections in children lead to significant morbidity and mortality due to antibiotic resistance. In this paper, we describe how phage therapy has shown remarkable efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies, demonstrating significant therapeutic benefits through various administration routes. Ongoing trials are evaluating its safety and effectiveness against different pathogens.

A lightweight prosthetic hand with 19-DOF dexterity and human-level functions.

A human hand has 23-degree-of-freedom (DOF) dexterity for managing activities of daily living (ADLs). Current prosthetic hands, primarily driven by motors or pneumatic actuators, fall short in replicating human-level functions, primarily due to limited DOF. Here, we develop a lightweight prosthetic hand that possesses biomimetic 19-DOF dexterity by integrating 38 shape-memory alloy (SMA) actuators to precisely control five fingers and the wrist.

Applications of Verdazyl Radicals in Energy Storage, Molecular Electronics and Magnetism: Teaching Old Molecules New Tricks.

Verdazyls are a fundamental class of stable organic radicals that have been traditionally overshadowed by the more synthetically accessible stable nitroxide radicals. With the advent of enhanced synthetic routes to verdazyls, particularly in recent years, these systems are now poised to realise their potential in a range of applications across emerging technologies that will be important to addressing challenges faced by modern society. This Concept discusses the enabling properties of a selection of verdazyl-based systems that feature promising applications in energy storage, molecular electronics and magnetic molecules.

Your period and your pregnancy, a cohort study of pregnant patients investigating the associations between menstruation and birth outcomes in Australia: study protocol.

Introduction: Early pregnancy care involves the screening and identification of women with risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirth or preterm birth, to tailor pregnancy care and interventions accordingly. Most stillbirths and approximately two-thirds of preterm births, however, occur in the absence of evident risk factors. The majority of stillbirths occur in the preterm period, yet there are few interventions targeting this period, and progress to reduce stillbirth rates remains slow.

"Basically, my answer is, there needs to be options!" Recommendations for the delivery of free menstrual products to the public: A qualitative exploration among marginalised groups in Victoria, Australia.

Objective: Governments have announced free menstrual product provision policies. Our research aimed to inform these initiatives by understanding menstrual product insecurity amongst marginalised groups and their recommendations for product provision.

Methods: We undertook in-depth interviews with participants experiencing menstrual product insecurity, who identified as belonging to one or more marginalised groups, alongside key informants working for organisations serving these populations.

Exploring the barriers and enablers to the standardized and routine use of patient-rated outcomes for clients presenting with hand injuries at an Australian public hospital.

Background: The utilization of standardized patient-rated outcome measures (PROMs) by hand therapists is essential to evaluate treatment and clinical outcomes and underpins evidence-based and patient-centered practice. However, research indicates that the routine use of PROMs is inconsistent in clinical practice.

Purpose: To explore the barriers and enablers experienced by hand therapists in the routine use of standardized and valid PROMs.

Efficacy and empathy of AI chatbots in answering frequently asked questions on oral oncology.

Objectives: Artificial intelligence chatbots have demonstrated feasibility and efficacy in improving health outcomes. In this study, responses from 5 different publicly available AI chatbots-Bing, GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Google Bard, and Claude-to frequently asked questions related to oral cancer were evaluated.

Retraction notice to "Degradation of cefadroxil drug by newly designed solar light responsive alcoholic template-based lanthanum ferrite nanoparticles" [Environ. Res. 231P3 (2023) 116241].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Gamma and theta/alpha-band oscillations in the electroencephalogram distinguish the content of inner speech.

Inner speech refers to the silent production of language in one's mind. As a purely mental action without obvious physical manifestations, inner speech has been notoriously difficult to quantify. Inner speech is thought to be closely related to overt speech.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors +/- Chemotherapy for Patients With NSCLC and Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Multiple studies have demonstrated the intracranial efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) +/- chemotherapy. The efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy compared to ICI alone in patients with metastatic NSCLC and brain metastases (BM) remains unknown.

Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis were performed to evaluate ICI efficacy and the influence of additional chemotherapy on survival outcomes in treatment-naïve metastatic NSCLC with BM.